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케임브리지 영어: CPE (C2 숙련도) - 짐과 고통

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Cambridge English: CPE (C2 Proficiency)
abominable
[형용사]

deserving intense hatred due to its cruelty

가증스러운, 지긋지긋한

가증스러운, 지긋지긋한

Ex: His attempt at cooking resulted in an abominable dish that no one dared to eat .그들은 시설에서의 학대의 **지독한** 행위들을 밝혀냈다.
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cloying
[형용사]

excessively sweet to the point of being unpleasant

지나치게 달콤한, 막힐 정도로 단

지나치게 달콤한, 막힐 정도로 단

Ex: The dessert was cloying, leaving a sickly sweet taste in his mouth.디저트는 **지나치게 달아서**, 그의 입안에 병적으로 달콤한 맛을 남겼다.
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dissonance
[명사]

a state of disagreement between people's opinions, actions, or personalities, often resulting in tension

불협화음, 불일치

불협화음, 불일치

Ex: The dissonance between her cheerful tone and the grim news was unsettling .그녀의 쾌활한 어조와 암울한 소식 사이의 **불협화음**은 불안하게 했다.
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fetid
[형용사]

having a strong and unpleasant smell

악취가 나는, 냄새나는

악취가 나는, 냄새나는

Ex: The sewer system malfunctioned , releasing a fetid stench that wafted through the neighborhood .하수도 시스템이 고장 나며, 동네 전체에 **악취**가 퍼졌다.
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onerous
[형용사]

difficult and needing a lot of energy and effort

부담스러운, 힘든

부담스러운, 힘든

Ex: Studying for the bar exam while working full-time proved to be an onerous challenge for him .풀타임으로 일하면서 변호사 시험을 공부하는 것은 그에게 **힘든** 도전이었습니다.
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opprobrium
[명사]

public disgrace arising from shameful conduct

공적인 수치, 불명예

공적인 수치, 불명예

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sordid
[형용사]

relating to a disgraceful and corrupted action

더러운, 비열한

더러운, 비열한

Ex: The documentary exposed the sordid exploitation behind the company 's success .그 다큐멘터리는 회사의 성공 뒤에 있는 **비열한** 착취를 폭로했다.
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squalor
[명사]

a state of extreme filth or neglect

더러움, 비참함

더러움, 비참함

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stigma
[명사]

a mark of shame attached to a person or condition, often resulting in exclusion or discrimination

낙인, 수치

낙인, 수치

Ex: Being a convicted felon carries a stigma that makes it difficult to find a job .그녀는 과거의 **낙인**을 극복하고 삶을 재건했다.
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detestable
[형용사]

unequivocally deserving of intense dislike or hatred

혐오스러운, 지긋지긋한

혐오스러운, 지긋지긋한

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malodorous
[형용사]

having a strong and unpleasant smell

악취가 나는, 냄새가 고약한

악취가 나는, 냄새가 고약한

Ex: The trash heap behind the restaurant became malodorous in the heat , attracting flies and pests .레스토랑 뒤의 쓰레기 더미는 더위 속에서 **악취가 나기** 시작해 파리와 해충을 끌어들였다.
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putrid
[형용사]

breaking down and rotting, typically referring to organic material

썩은, 부패한

썩은, 부패한

Ex: After days in the sun , the putrid remains of the roadkill were impossible to ignore .며칠 동안 햇볕에 노출된 후, 로드킬의 **썩은** 잔해는 무시할 수 없었습니다.
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unruly
[형용사]

refusing to accept authority or comply with control

제멋대로인, 말을 듣지 않는

제멋대로인, 말을 듣지 않는

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vexing
[형용사]

causing irritation, frustration, or distress

짜증나는, 성가신

짜증나는, 성가신

Ex: The vexing dilemma of choosing between career and family responsibilities weighed heavily on her mind .경력과 가족 책임 사이에서 선택해야 하는 **짜증나는** 딜레마가 그녀의 마음을 무겁게 눌렀다.
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maladjusted
[형용사]

emotionally unstable and unable to cope with the requirements of a healthy social life

부적응한, 불균형한

부적응한, 불균형한

Ex: Her maladjusted behavior made it difficult for her to maintain stable relationships .그녀의 **부적응** 행동은 그녀가 안정적인 관계를 유지하기 어렵게 만들었다.
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repugnant
[형용사]

extremely unpleasant and disgusting

역겨운, 혐오스러운

역겨운, 혐오스러운

Ex: The repugnant comments made in the discussion revealed deep-seated biases that were hard to ignore .토론에서 나온 **역겨운** 댓글들은 무시하기 어려운 뿌리 깊은 편견을 드러냈습니다.
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obloquy
[명사]

a condition of public shame or disgrace brought on by widespread verbal abuse or condemnation

불명예, 치욕

불명예, 치욕

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vexatious
[형용사]

causing annoyance or distress

성가신, 귀찮게 하는

성가신, 귀찮게 하는

Ex: The vexatious paperwork required for the application process was overwhelming .신청 과정에 필요한 **성가신** 서류 작업은 압도적이었습니다.
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affliction
[명사]

a state of pain or suffering due to a physical or mental condition

고통, 고뇌

고통, 고뇌

Ex: The affliction of migraines made it difficult for her to concentrate and disrupted her daily routine .편두통의 **고통**은 그녀가 집중하기 어렵게 만들고 일상 생활을 방해했습니다.
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bane
[명사]

something that causes continual trouble, misery, or destruction

재앙, 고통의 원인

재앙, 고통의 원인

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exigency
[명사]

an urgent affair to deal with

긴급 사태,  시급한 문제

긴급 사태, 시급한 문제

Ex: The exigency of the situation forced the team to work overtime to meet the deadline .상황의 **긴급성**으로 인해 팀은 마감 시간을 맞추기 위해 초과 근무를 해야 했습니다.
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vexation
[명사]

a person or thing that provokes annoyance, frustration, or distress

짜증, 성가심

짜증, 성가심

Ex: The endless paperwork and bureaucracy at the government office were a significant source of vexation.그의 거만한 어조는 동료들에게 지속적인**짜증**이었다.
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mortifying
[형용사]

causing intense embarrassment, shame, or humiliation

굴욕적인, 부끄러운

굴욕적인, 부끄러운

Ex: She gave a mortifying laugh when she realized everyone had heard her comment.그녀는 모두가 자신의 말을 들었다는 것을 깨달았을 때 **굴욕적인** 웃음을 터뜨렸다.
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hapless
[형용사]

unfortunate or unlucky, often experiencing difficulty or misfortune

불운한, 불행한

불운한, 불행한

Ex: The hapless employee seemed to always be in the wrong place at the wrong time , facing blame for things beyond his control .**불운한** 직원은 항상 잘못된 시간에 잘못된 장소에 있는 것처럼 보였고, 그의 통제를 벗어난 일에 대해 비난을 받았다.
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paroxysm
[명사]

a sudden and uncontrollable outburst or convulsion, often of emotion or action

발작, 격발

발작, 격발

Ex: The sudden news sent him into a paroxysm of panic , his heart racing and thoughts spinning out of control .갑작스러운 소식은 그를 공황의 **발작**으로 몰아넣었고, 그의 심장은 뛰고 생각은 통제를 벗어났다.
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a troublesome or unpleasant situation

Ex: A storm on the wedding day?That's a pretty kettle of fish.
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in a situation that involves difficulty, particularly one that is worse compared to that of others

Ex: Having to recover from a severe injury put the athlete behind the eight ball in terms of returning to peak performance.
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encumbrance
[명사]

something burdensome or difficult to deal with

Ex: The lack of proper equipment in the research lab was a continual encumbrance to her groundbreaking experiments .
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in a very nervous or frustrating state of mind in face of a problem or situation one knows very little or nothing about

Ex: He quickly realized he was out of his depth in the legal discussion.
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to be left in a difficult or embarrassing situation, often without any support or assistance

Ex: The politician tried to shift the blame onto his aides, leaving them holding the bag for the controversial decision.
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arduous
[형용사]

requiring a lot of mental effort and hard work

힘든, 고된

힘든, 고된

Ex: The research became an arduous job .연구는 **힘든** 일이 되었다.
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severely criticized by someone in authority

엄격히 꾸지람받은, 양탄자 위로 불려나가다

엄격히 꾸지람받은, 양탄자 위로 불려나가다

Ex: He's on the carpet again third time this month!그는 또 **카펫 위에** 있습니다 — 이번 달 세 번째입니다!
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to travail
[동사]

to work hard, often under challenging conditions

열심히 일하다, 애쓰다

열심히 일하다, 애쓰다

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said when an action has inevitable consequences

Ex: When the project's deadline was missed for the third time, the fat was in the fire, and the client threatened to terminate the contract.
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viewed with doubt or mistrust, even if not proven

Ex: The teacher had been under a cloud of suspicion since the cheating incident in the classroom, which led to her suspension.
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exigent
[형용사]

requiring immediate action or attention due to urgency

긴급한, 절박한

긴급한, 절박한

Ex: She sent an exigent request for assistance when the system malfunctioned .시스템이 고장 났 때 그녀는 **긴급한** 도움 요청을 보냈다.
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a choice made in a situation in which no other options were available

홉슨의 선택, 홉슨의 대안

홉슨의 선택, 홉슨의 대안

Ex: The professor gave students a Hobson's choice for the final project: complete an extensive research paper or receive a failing grade.교수는 학생들에게 최종 프로젝트로 **홉슨의 선택**을 주었습니다: 광범위한 연구 논문을 완성하거나 낙제 점수를 받는 것.
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a constant and looming threat of harm or disaster, especially one that could strike at any moment, often hanging over someone in a position of power or responsibility

다모클레스의 검, 지속적이고 임박한 위협

다모클레스의 검, 지속적이고 임박한 위협

Ex: The risk of injury is the sword of Damocles for every professional athlete .부상 위험은 모든 프로 운동선수에게 **다모클레스의 검**입니다.
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vicissitude
[명사]

a change, often unexpected, in one's situation or fortune

변화, 변동

변화, 변동

Ex: We must navigate the vicissitudes of fortune with resilience and adaptability , embracing both the highs and lows as part of our journey .그 예술가의 삶은 명성에서 무명까지 **변화**로 가득했다.
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to face the consequences of one's behavior or actions

Ex: In the end, he had to pay the piper for his procrastination, facing the stress of last-minute work.
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ramification
[명사]

an unexpected event that makes a situation more complex

분기, 예기치 않은 결과

분기, 예기치 않은 결과

Ex: The discovery of a security breach had immediate ramifications, prompting the company to enhance its cybersecurity measures .보안 위반의 발견은 즉각적인 **영향**을 미쳤고, 회사는 사이버 보안 조치를 강화하도록 촉구했습니다.
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to be forced to do a difficult or impossible task without the necessary resources

Ex: As a manager, I know that it's important to provide my team with the tools and resources they need to succeed.You cannot make bricks without straw.
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케임브리지 영어: CPE (C2 숙련도)
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