Cambridge English: CPE (C2 Proficiency) - Pesi e Afflizioni

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abominable

[aggettivo]

deserving intense hatred due to its cruelty

orribile

Ex: His attempt at cooking resulted in an abominable dish that no one dared to eat .Hanno scoperto atti **abominevoli** di abuso nella struttura.

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cloying

[aggettivo]

excessively sweet to the point of being unpleasant

stucchevole, eccessivamente dolce

Ex: The dessert was cloying, leaving a sickly sweet taste in his mouth.Il dessert era **stucchevole**, lasciando un gusto dolce e nauseabondo in bocca.

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dissonance

[sostantivo]

a state of disagreement between people's opinions, actions, or personalities, often resulting in tension

dissonanza

Ex: The dissonance between her cheerful tone and the grim news was unsettling .La **dissonanza** tra il suo tono allegro e la notizia cupa era inquietante.

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fetid

[aggettivo]

having a strong and unpleasant smell

fetido, puzzolente

Ex: The sewer system malfunctioned , releasing a fetid stench that wafted through the neighborhood .Il sistema fognario si è guastato, rilasciando un **fetore** che si è diffuso nel quartiere.

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onerous

[aggettivo]

difficult and needing a lot of energy and effort

gravoso

Ex: Studying for the bar exam while working full-time proved to be an onerous challenge for him .Studiare per l'esame di avvocato mentre lavorava a tempo pieno si è rivelato essere una sfida **oneroso** per lui.

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opprobrium

[sostantivo]

public disgrace arising from shameful conduct

obbrobrio, disonore pubblico

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sordid

[aggettivo]

relating to a disgraceful and corrupted action

sordido

Ex: The documentary exposed the sordid exploitation behind the company 's success .Il documentario ha esposto lo sfruttamento **sordido** dietro il successo dell'azienda.

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squalor

[sostantivo]

a state of extreme filth or neglect

sordidezza, miseria

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stigma

[sostantivo]

a mark of shame attached to a person or condition, often resulting in exclusion or discrimination

stigma, vergogna

Ex: Being a convicted felon carries a stigma that makes it difficult to find a job .Ha superato lo **stigma** del suo passato e ha ricostruito la sua vita.

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detestable

[aggettivo]

unequivocally deserving of intense dislike or hatred

detestabile, esecrabile

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malodorous

[aggettivo]

having a strong and unpleasant smell

maleodorante, fetido

Ex: The trash heap behind the restaurant became malodorous in the heat , attracting flies and pests .Il cumulo di spazzatura dietro il ristorante è diventato **maleodorante** con il caldo, attirando mosche e parassiti.

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putrid

[aggettivo]

breaking down and rotting, typically referring to organic material

putrido, marcio

Ex: After days in the sun , the putrid remains of the roadkill were impossible to ignore .Dopo giorni al sole, i resti **putridi** dell'animale investito erano impossibili da ignorare.

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unruly

[aggettivo]

refusing to accept authority or comply with control

indisciplinato, ribelle

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vexing

[aggettivo]

causing irritation, frustration, or distress

fastidioso, irritante

Ex: The vexing dilemma of choosing between career and family responsibilities weighed heavily on her mind .Il dilemma **fastidioso** di scegliere tra carriera e responsabilità familiari pesava molto sulla sua mente.

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maladjusted

[aggettivo]

emotionally unstable and unable to cope with the requirements of a healthy social life

disadattati

Ex: Her maladjusted behavior made it difficult for her to maintain stable relationships .Il suo comportamento **disadattato** le rendeva difficile mantenere relazioni stabili.

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repugnant

[aggettivo]

extremely unpleasant and disgusting

ripugnante

Ex: The repugnant comments made in the discussion revealed deep-seated biases that were hard to ignore .I commenti **ripugnanti** fatti nella discussione hanno rivelato pregiudizi radicati che erano difficili da ignorare.

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obloquy

[sostantivo]

a condition of public shame or disgrace brought on by widespread verbal abuse or condemnation

obbrobrio, infamia

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vexatious

[aggettivo]

causing annoyance or distress

vexatorio, fastidioso

Ex: The vexatious paperwork required for the application process was overwhelming .La documentazione **fastidiosa** richiesta per il processo di applicazione era opprimente.

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affliction

[sostantivo]

a state of pain or suffering due to a physical or mental condition

afflizione

Ex: The affliction of migraines made it difficult for her to concentrate and disrupted her daily routine .**L'afflizione** delle emicranie le ha reso difficile concentrarsi e ha sconvolto la sua routine quotidiana.

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bane

[sostantivo]

something that causes continual trouble, misery, or destruction

flagello, tormento

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exigency

[sostantivo]

an urgent affair to deal with

emergenza, necessità urgente

Ex: The exigency of the situation forced the team to work overtime to meet the deadline .L'**urgenza** della situazione ha costretto la squadra a lavorare straordinari per rispettare la scadenza.

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vexation

[sostantivo]

a person or thing that provokes annoyance, frustration, or distress

fastidio, seccatura

Ex: The endless paperwork and bureaucracy at the government office were a significant source of vexation.Il suo tono arrogante era una **vexazione** costante per i suoi colleghi.

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mortifying

[aggettivo]

causing intense embarrassment, shame, or humiliation

umiliante, mortificante

Ex: She gave a mortifying laugh when she realized everyone had heard her comment.Ha emesso una risata **umiliante** quando si è resa conto che tutti avevano sentito il suo commento.

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hapless

[aggettivo]

unfortunate or unlucky, often experiencing difficulty or misfortune

sfortunato, sventurato

Ex: The hapless employee seemed to always be in the wrong place at the wrong time , facing blame for things beyond his control .Il dipendente **sfortunato** sembrava essere sempre nel posto sbagliato al momento sbagliato, affrontando accuse per cose al di fuori del suo controllo.

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paroxysm

[sostantivo]

a sudden and uncontrollable outburst or convulsion, often of emotion or action

parossismo, accesso

Ex: The sudden news sent him into a paroxysm of panic , his heart racing and thoughts spinning out of control .La notizia improvvisa lo ha gettato in un **parossismo** di panico, con il cuore che batteva all'impazzata e i pensieri che giravano fuori controllo.

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a pretty kettle of fish

[Frase]

a troublesome or unpleasant situation

Ex: A storm on the wedding day?That's a pretty kettle of fish.

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behind the eight ball

[Frase]

in a situation that involves difficulty, particularly one that is worse compared to that of others

Ex: Having to recover from a severe injury put the athlete behind the eight ball in terms of returning to peak performance.

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encumbrance

[sostantivo]

something burdensome or difficult to deal with

Ex: The lack of proper equipment in the research lab was a continual encumbrance to her groundbreaking experiments .

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out of one's depth

[Frase]

in a very nervous or frustrating state of mind in face of a problem or situation one knows very little or nothing about

Ex: He quickly realized he was out of his depth in the legal discussion.

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to leave somebody holding the bag

[Frase]

to be left in a difficult or embarrassing situation, often without any support or assistance

lasciasi da soli

Ex: The politician tried to shift the blame onto his aides, leaving them holding the bag for the controversial decision.

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arduous

[aggettivo]

requiring a lot of mental effort and hard work

arduo

Ex: The research became an arduous job .La ricerca è diventata un lavoro **arduo**.

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on the carpet

[avverbio]

severely criticized by someone in authority

severamente rimproverato, essere chiamato sul tappeto

Ex: He's on the carpet again — third time this month!È **sul tappeto** di nuovo — la terza volta questo mese!

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to travail

[Verbo]

to work hard, often under challenging conditions

lavorare sodo, faticare

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the fat is in the fire

[Frase]

said when an action has inevitable consequences

Ex: When the project's deadline was missed for the third time, the fat was in the fire, and the client threatened to terminate the contract.

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under a cloud of suspicion

[Frase]

viewed with doubt or mistrust, even if not proven

Ex: The teacher had been under a cloud of suspicion since the cheating incident in the classroom, which led to her suspension.

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exigent

[aggettivo]

requiring immediate action or attention due to urgency

urgente, pressante

Ex: She sent an exigent request for assistance when the system malfunctioned .Ha inviato una richiesta **urgente** di assistenza quando il sistema si è guastato.

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Hobson's choice

[sostantivo]

a choice made in a situation in which no other options were available

La scelta di Hobson

Ex: The professor gave students a Hobson's choice for the final project: complete an extensive research paper or receive a failing grade.Il professore ha dato agli studenti una **scelta di Hobson** per il progetto finale: completare un ampio documento di ricerca o ricevere un voto insufficiente.

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sword of damocles

[sostantivo]

a constant and looming threat of harm or disaster, especially one that could strike at any moment, often hanging over someone in a position of power or responsibility

spada di Damocle, minaccia costante e imminente

Ex: The risk of injury is the sword of Damocles for every professional athlete .Il rischio di infortunio è la **spada di Damocle** per ogni atleta professionista.

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vicissitude

[sostantivo]

a change, often unexpected, in one's situation or fortune

vicissitudine, mutamento

Ex: We must navigate the vicissitudes of fortune with resilience and adaptability , embracing both the highs and lows as part of our journey .La vita dell'artista era piena di **vicissitudini**, dalla fama all'oscurità.

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to pay the piper

[Frase]

to face the consequences of one's behavior or actions

Ex: In the end, he had to pay the piper for his procrastination, facing the stress of last-minute work.

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ramification

[sostantivo]

an unexpected event that makes a situation more complex

ramificazione, conseguenza imprevista

Ex: The discovery of a security breach had immediate ramifications, prompting the company to enhance its cybersecurity measures .La scoperta di una violazione della sicurezza ha avuto immediate **ramificazioni**, spingendo l'azienda a migliorare le proprie misure di cybersecurity.

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to make bricks without straw

[Frase]

to be forced to do a difficult or impossible task without the necessary resources

Ex: As a manager, I know that it's important to provide my team with the tools and resources they need to succeed.You cannot make bricks without straw.

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Cambridge English: CPE (C2 Proficiency)

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