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Cambridge English: CPE (C2 Proficiency) - Mga Pasan at Paghihirap

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Cambridge English: CPE (C2 Proficiency)
abominable
[pang-uri]

deserving intense hatred due to its cruelty

kasuklam-suklam, nakapopoot

kasuklam-suklam, nakapopoot

Ex: His attempt at cooking resulted in an abominable dish that no one dared to eat .Natuklasan nila ang **kasuklam-suklam** na mga gawa ng pang-aabuso sa pasilidad.
cloying
[pang-uri]

excessively sweet to the point of being unpleasant

nakakasawang matamis, labis na matamis

nakakasawang matamis, labis na matamis

Ex: The dessert was cloying, leaving a sickly sweet taste in his mouth.Ang dessert ay **masyadong matamis**, na nag-iiwan ng isang nakakasukang tamis sa kanyang bibig.
dissonance
[Pangngalan]

a state of disagreement between people's opinions, actions, or personalities, often resulting in tension

disonansya, hindi pagkakasundo

disonansya, hindi pagkakasundo

Ex: The dissonance between her cheerful tone and the grim news was unsettling .Ang **disonansya** sa pagitan ng kanyang masayang tono at ng malungkot na balita ay nakababahala.
fetid
[pang-uri]

having a strong and unpleasant smell

mabaho, masangsang

mabaho, masangsang

Ex: The sewer system malfunctioned , releasing a fetid stench that wafted through the neighborhood .Ang sistema ng alkantarilya ay nagmalfunction, naglalabas ng **mabahong** amoy na kumalat sa kabayanan.
onerous
[pang-uri]

difficult and needing a lot of energy and effort

mabigat, mahigpit

mabigat, mahigpit

Ex: Studying for the bar exam while working full-time proved to be an onerous challenge for him .Ang pag-aaral para sa bar exam habang nagtatrabaho nang full-time ay napatunayang isang **mabigat** na hamon para sa kanya.
opprobrium
[Pangngalan]

public disgrace arising from shameful conduct

kasiraang-puri, publikong kahihiyan

kasiraang-puri, publikong kahihiyan

sordid
[pang-uri]

relating to a disgraceful and corrupted action

nakakahiya, kasuklam-suklam

nakakahiya, kasuklam-suklam

Ex: The documentary exposed the sordid exploitation behind the company 's success .Ipinakita ng dokumentaryo ang **nakakahiyang** pagsasamantala sa likod ng tagumpay ng kumpanya.
squalor
[Pangngalan]

a state of extreme filth or neglect

karumihan, kahirapan

karumihan, kahirapan

stigma
[Pangngalan]

a mark of shame attached to a person or condition, often resulting in exclusion or discrimination

estigma, kahihiyan

estigma, kahihiyan

Ex: Being a convicted felon carries a stigma that makes it difficult to find a job .Nalampasan niya ang **pagkakahiya** ng kanyang nakaraan at muling itinayo ang kanyang buhay.
detestable
[pang-uri]

unequivocally deserving of intense dislike or hatred

nakapopoot, kasuklam-suklam

nakapopoot, kasuklam-suklam

malodorous
[pang-uri]

having a strong and unpleasant smell

mabaho, masangsang

mabaho, masangsang

Ex: The trash heap behind the restaurant became malodorous in the heat , attracting flies and pests .Ang tambak ng basura sa likod ng restawran ay naging **mabaho** sa init, na umaakit ng mga langaw at peste.
putrid
[pang-uri]

breaking down and rotting, typically referring to organic material

bulok, nabubulok

bulok, nabubulok

Ex: After days in the sun , the putrid remains of the roadkill were impossible to ignore .Pagkatapos ng mga araw sa araw, ang **nabubulok** na labi ng roadkill ay imposibleng hindi pansinin.
unruly
[pang-uri]

refusing to accept authority or comply with control

pasaway, suwail

pasaway, suwail

vexing
[pang-uri]

causing irritation, frustration, or distress

nakakainis, nakakabagabag

nakakainis, nakakabagabag

Ex: The vexing dilemma of choosing between career and family responsibilities weighed heavily on her mind .Ang **nakakainis** na dilema ng pagpili sa pagitan ng karera at mga responsibilidad sa pamilya ay mabigat na pumapasan sa kanyang isip.
maladjusted
[pang-uri]

emotionally unstable and unable to cope with the requirements of a healthy social life

hindi akma, hindi balanse

hindi akma, hindi balanse

Ex: Her maladjusted behavior made it difficult for her to maintain stable relationships .Ang kanyang **hindi akma** na pag-uugali ay nagpahirap sa kanya na mapanatili ang matatag na relasyon.
repugnant
[pang-uri]

extremely unpleasant and disgusting

nakakadiri, nakakasuklam

nakakadiri, nakakasuklam

Ex: The repugnant comments made in the discussion revealed deep-seated biases that were hard to ignore .Ang **nakakadiring** mga komentong ginawa sa talakayan ay nagbunyag ng malalim na mga bias na mahirap balewalain.
obloquy
[Pangngalan]

a condition of public shame or disgrace brought on by widespread verbal abuse or condemnation

kasiraang-puri, kahihiyan

kasiraang-puri, kahihiyan

vexatious
[pang-uri]

causing annoyance or distress

nakakainis, nakababagabag

nakakainis, nakababagabag

Ex: The vexatious paperwork required for the application process was overwhelming .Ang **nakakainis** na papel na kinakailangan para sa proseso ng aplikasyon ay napakabigat.
affliction
[Pangngalan]

a state of pain or suffering due to a physical or mental condition

dalamhati, pagdurusa

dalamhati, pagdurusa

Ex: The affliction of migraines made it difficult for her to concentrate and disrupted her daily routine .Ang **pagdurusa** ng migraines ay nagpahirap sa kanya na mag-concentrate at nagambala ang kanyang pang-araw-araw na gawain.
bane
[Pangngalan]

something that causes continual trouble, misery, or destruction

salot, sumpa

salot, sumpa

exigency
[Pangngalan]

an urgent affair to deal with

kagipitan,  madaliang gawain

kagipitan, madaliang gawain

Ex: The exigency of the situation forced the team to work overtime to meet the deadline .Ang **kagipitan** ng sitwasyon ay nagpilit sa koponan na mag-overtime upang matugunan ang deadline.
vexation
[Pangngalan]

a person or thing that provokes annoyance, frustration, or distress

pagkainis, pagkayamot

pagkainis, pagkayamot

Ex: The endless paperwork and bureaucracy at the government office were a significant source of vexation.Ang kanyang mapagmataas na tono ay isang palagiang **pagkainis** sa kanyang mga katrabaho.
mortifying
[pang-uri]

causing intense embarrassment, shame, or humiliation

nakakahiya, nakapagpapahiya

nakakahiya, nakapagpapahiya

Ex: She gave a mortifying laugh when she realized everyone had heard her comment.Nagbigay siya ng isang **nakakahiyang** tawa nang mapagtanto niyang narinig ng lahat ang kanyang komento.
hapless
[pang-uri]

unfortunate or unlucky, often experiencing difficulty or misfortune

kawawa, malas

kawawa, malas

Ex: The hapless employee seemed to always be in the wrong place at the wrong time , facing blame for things beyond his control .Ang **kawawa** na empleyado ay parating nasa maling lugar sa maling oras, nahaharap sa sisihin para sa mga bagay na wala sa kanyang kontrol.
paroxysm
[Pangngalan]

a sudden and uncontrollable outburst or convulsion, often of emotion or action

paroxysmo, atake

paroxysmo, atake

Ex: The sudden news sent him into a paroxysm of panic , his heart racing and thoughts spinning out of control .Ang biglaang balita ay nagdulot sa kanya ng isang **paroxysm** ng takot, ang kanyang puso ay mabilis na tumitibok at ang mga iniisip ay umiikot nang walang kontrol.

a troublesome or unpleasant situation

Ex: A storm on the wedding day?That's a pretty kettle of fish.

in a situation that involves difficulty, particularly one that is worse compared to that of others

Ex: Having to recover from a severe injury put the athlete behind the eight ball in terms of returning to peak performance.
encumbrance
[Pangngalan]

something burdensome or difficult to deal with

Ex: The lack of proper equipment in the research lab was a continual encumbrance to her groundbreaking experiments .

in a very nervous or frustrating state of mind in face of a problem or situation one knows very little or nothing about

Ex: He quickly realized he was out of his depth in the legal discussion.

to be left in a difficult or embarrassing situation, often without any support or assistance

Ex: The politician tried to shift the blame onto his aides, leaving them holding the bag for the controversial decision.
arduous
[pang-uri]

requiring a lot of mental effort and hard work

mahirap, nakakapagod

mahirap, nakakapagod

Ex: The research became an arduous job .Ang pananaliksik ay naging isang **mahirap** na trabaho.
on the carpet
[pang-abay]

severely criticized by someone in authority

mahigpit na sinaway, tawagin sa karpet

mahigpit na sinaway, tawagin sa karpet

Ex: He's on the carpet again third time this month!Nasa **karpet** na naman siya — ikatlong beses na ngayong buwan!
to travail
[Pandiwa]

to work hard, often under challenging conditions

magtrabaho nang mabuti, magpakahirap

magtrabaho nang mabuti, magpakahirap

said when an action has inevitable consequences

Ex: When the project's deadline was missed for the third time, the fat was in the fire, and the client threatened to terminate the contract.

viewed with doubt or mistrust, even if not proven

Ex: The teacher had been under a cloud of suspicion since the cheating incident in the classroom, which led to her suspension.
exigent
[pang-uri]

requiring immediate action or attention due to urgency

madalian, kagyat

madalian, kagyat

Ex: She sent an exigent request for assistance when the system malfunctioned .Nagpadala siya ng **madalian** na kahilingan ng tulong nang magkaproblema ang sistema.
Hobson's choice
[Pangngalan]

a choice made in a situation in which no other options were available

pagpipilian ni Hobson, alternatibo ni Hobson

pagpipilian ni Hobson, alternatibo ni Hobson

Ex: The professor gave students a Hobson's choice for the final project: complete an extensive research paper or receive a failing grade.Binigyan ng propesor ang mga estudyante ng **Hobson's choice** para sa final project: kumpletuhin ang isang malawak na research paper o makatanggap ng failing grade.
sword of damocles
[Pangngalan]

a constant and looming threat of harm or disaster, especially one that could strike at any moment, often hanging over someone in a position of power or responsibility

espada ni Damocles, patuloy at nagbabadyang banta

espada ni Damocles, patuloy at nagbabadyang banta

Ex: The risk of injury is the sword of Damocles for every professional athlete .Ang panganib ng pinsala ay ang **tabak ni Damocles** para sa bawat propesyonal na atleta.
vicissitude
[Pangngalan]

a change, often unexpected, in one's situation or fortune

pagbabago, pagkakaiba-iba

pagbabago, pagkakaiba-iba

Ex: We must navigate the vicissitudes of fortune with resilience and adaptability , embracing both the highs and lows as part of our journey .Ang buhay ng artista ay puno ng **pagbabago**, mula sa kasikatan hanggang sa kawalan ng katanyagan.

to face the consequences of one's behavior or actions

Ex: In the end, he had to pay the piper for his procrastination, facing the stress of last-minute work.
ramification
[Pangngalan]

an unexpected event that makes a situation more complex

sangay, hindi inaasahang bunga

sangay, hindi inaasahang bunga

Ex: The discovery of a security breach had immediate ramifications, prompting the company to enhance its cybersecurity measures .Ang pagkakatuklas ng isang security breach ay may agarang **epekto**, na nag-udyok sa kumpanya na pagbutihin ang mga hakbang nito sa cybersecurity.

to be forced to do a difficult or impossible task without the necessary resources

Ex: As a manager, I know that it's important to provide my team with the tools and resources they need to succeed.You cannot make bricks without straw.
Cambridge English: CPE (C2 Proficiency)
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