剑桥英语：CPE（C2 熟练度） - 负担与苦难

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abominable

[形容词]

deserving intense hatred due to its cruelty

可憎的, 令人发指的

Ex: His attempt at cooking resulted in an abominable dish that no one dared to eat .他们揭露了设施中**可恶的**虐待行为。

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cloying

[形容词]

excessively sweet to the point of being unpleasant

甜得发腻的, 过分甜的

Ex: The dessert was cloying, leaving a sickly sweet taste in his mouth.甜点**甜得发腻**，在他嘴里留下了一种令人作呕的甜味。

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dissonance

[名词]

a state of disagreement between people's opinions, actions, or personalities, often resulting in tension

不和谐, 分歧

Ex: The dissonance between her cheerful tone and the grim news was unsettling .她欢快的语气和严峻的消息之间的**不和谐**令人不安。

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fetid

[形容词]

having a strong and unpleasant smell

恶臭的, 臭的

Ex: The sewer system malfunctioned , releasing a fetid stench that wafted through the neighborhood .下水道系统发生故障，释放出一股**恶臭**，飘过整个街区。

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onerous

[形容词]

difficult and needing a lot of energy and effort

繁重的, 艰巨的

Ex: Studying for the bar exam while working full-time proved to be an onerous challenge for him .在全职工作的同时准备律师资格考试对他来说是一个**艰巨的**挑战。

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opprobrium

[名词]

public disgrace arising from shameful conduct

公开的耻辱, 污名

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sordid

[形容词]

relating to a disgraceful and corrupted action

肮脏的, 卑鄙的

Ex: The documentary exposed the sordid exploitation behind the company 's success .这部纪录片揭露了公司成功背后**肮脏的**剥削。

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squalor

[名词]

a state of extreme filth or neglect

肮脏, 悲惨

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stigma

[名词]

a mark of shame attached to a person or condition, often resulting in exclusion or discrimination

污名, 耻辱

Ex: Being a convicted felon carries a stigma that makes it difficult to find a job .她克服了过去的**污名**并重建了她的生活。

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detestable

[形容词]

unequivocally deserving of intense dislike or hatred

可憎的, 令人厌恶的

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malodorous

[形容词]

having a strong and unpleasant smell

恶臭的, 难闻的

Ex: The trash heap behind the restaurant became malodorous in the heat , attracting flies and pests .餐厅后面的垃圾堆在高温下变得**恶臭**，吸引了苍蝇和害虫。

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putrid

[形容词]

breaking down and rotting, typically referring to organic material

腐烂的, 腐臭的

Ex: After days in the sun , the putrid remains of the roadkill were impossible to ignore .在阳光下晒了几天后，被撞死的动物的**腐烂**残骸不可能被忽视。

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unruly

[形容词]

refusing to accept authority or comply with control

不守规矩的, 难管束的

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vexing

[形容词]

causing irritation, frustration, or distress

令人烦恼的, 恼人的

Ex: The vexing dilemma of choosing between career and family responsibilities weighed heavily on her mind .在职业和家庭责任之间做出选择的**令人烦恼的**困境沉重地压在她的心头。

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maladjusted

[形容词]

emotionally unstable and unable to cope with the requirements of a healthy social life

不适应的, 不平衡的

Ex: Her maladjusted behavior made it difficult for her to maintain stable relationships .她**适应不良**的行为使她难以维持稳定的关系。

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repugnant

[形容词]

extremely unpleasant and disgusting

令人厌恶的, 恶心的

Ex: The repugnant comments made in the discussion revealed deep-seated biases that were hard to ignore .讨论中发表的**令人厌恶的**评论揭示了难以忽视的根深蒂固的偏见。

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obloquy

[名词]

a condition of public shame or disgrace brought on by widespread verbal abuse or condemnation

耻辱, 污名

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vexatious

[形容词]

causing annoyance or distress

烦人的, 令人苦恼的

Ex: The vexatious paperwork required for the application process was overwhelming .申请过程所需的**烦人**文书工作令人不堪重负。

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affliction

[名词]

a state of pain or suffering due to a physical or mental condition

痛苦, 苦难

Ex: The affliction of migraines made it difficult for her to concentrate and disrupted her daily routine .偏头痛的**痛苦**使她难以集中注意力并打乱了她的日常生活。

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bane

[名词]

something that causes continual trouble, misery, or destruction

祸根, 灾星

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exigency

[名词]

an urgent affair to deal with

紧急情况, 紧急事务

Ex: The exigency of the situation forced the team to work overtime to meet the deadline .情况的**紧迫性**迫使团队加班以赶上截止日期。

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vexation

[名词]

a person or thing that provokes annoyance, frustration, or distress

烦恼, 恼怒

Ex: The endless paperwork and bureaucracy at the government office were a significant source of vexation.他傲慢的语气对他的同事来说是一种持续的**烦恼**。

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mortifying

[形容词]

causing intense embarrassment, shame, or humiliation

令人难堪的, 羞辱性的

Ex: She gave a mortifying laugh when she realized everyone had heard her comment.当她意识到大家都听到了她的评论时，她发出了**令人尴尬的**笑声。

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hapless

[形容词]

unfortunate or unlucky, often experiencing difficulty or misfortune

不幸的, 倒霉的

Ex: The hapless employee seemed to always be in the wrong place at the wrong time , facing blame for things beyond his control .这位**不幸的**员工似乎总是在错误的时间出现在错误的地点，为他无法控制的事情承担责任。

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paroxysm

[名词]

a sudden and uncontrollable outburst or convulsion, often of emotion or action

发作, 阵发

Ex: The sudden news sent him into a paroxysm of panic , his heart racing and thoughts spinning out of control .突如其来的消息使他陷入一阵恐慌的**发作**，心跳加速，思绪失控。

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a pretty kettle of fish

[短语]

a troublesome or unpleasant situation

Ex: A storm on the wedding day?That's a pretty kettle of fish.

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behind the eight ball

[短语]

in a situation that involves difficulty, particularly one that is worse compared to that of others

Ex: Having to recover from a severe injury put the athlete behind the eight ball in terms of returning to peak performance.

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encumbrance

[名词]

something burdensome or difficult to deal with

Ex: The lack of proper equipment in the research lab was a continual encumbrance to her groundbreaking experiments .

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out of one's depth

[短语]

in a very nervous or frustrating state of mind in face of a problem or situation one knows very little or nothing about

Ex: He quickly realized he was out of his depth in the legal discussion.

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to leave somebody holding the bag

[短语]

to be left in a difficult or embarrassing situation, often without any support or assistance

Ex: The politician tried to shift the blame onto his aides, leaving them holding the bag for the controversial decision.

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arduous

[形容词]

requiring a lot of mental effort and hard work

艰巨的, 艰苦的

Ex: The research became an arduous job .这项研究变成了一项**艰巨**的工作。

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on the carpet

[副词]

severely criticized by someone in authority

被严厉斥责, 被叫到地毯上

Ex: He's on the carpet again — third time this month!他又**在地毯上**了 — 这个月第三次了！

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to travail

[动词]

to work hard, often under challenging conditions

努力工作, 辛苦劳作

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the fat is in the fire

[句子]

said when an action has inevitable consequences

Ex: When the project's deadline was missed for the third time, the fat was in the fire, and the client threatened to terminate the contract.

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under a cloud of suspicion

[短语]

viewed with doubt or mistrust, even if not proven

Ex: The teacher had been under a cloud of suspicion since the cheating incident in the classroom, which led to her suspension.

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exigent

[形容词]

requiring immediate action or attention due to urgency

紧急的, 迫切的

Ex: She sent an exigent request for assistance when the system malfunctioned .当系统出现故障时，她发送了一个**紧急的**援助请求。

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Hobson's choice

[名词]

a choice made in a situation in which no other options were available

霍布森的选择, 霍布森的别无选择

Ex: The professor gave students a Hobson's choice for the final project: complete an extensive research paper or receive a failing grade.教授给学生的期末项目是一个**霍布森选择**：完成一篇广泛的研究论文或得到不及格的成绩。

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sword of damocles

[名词]

a constant and looming threat of harm or disaster, especially one that could strike at any moment, often hanging over someone in a position of power or responsibility

达摩克利斯之剑, 持续且迫在眉睫的威胁

Ex: The risk of injury is the sword of Damocles for every professional athlete .受伤的风险是每位职业运动员的**达摩克利斯之剑**。

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vicissitude

[名词]

a change, often unexpected, in one's situation or fortune

变迁, 变化

Ex: We must navigate the vicissitudes of fortune with resilience and adaptability , embracing both the highs and lows as part of our journey .这位艺术家的一生充满了**变迁**，从名声显赫到默默无闻。

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to pay the piper

[短语]

to face the consequences of one's behavior or actions

Ex: In the end, he had to pay the piper for his procrastination, facing the stress of last-minute work.

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ramification

[名词]

an unexpected event that makes a situation more complex

分支, 意外后果

Ex: The discovery of a security breach had immediate ramifications, prompting the company to enhance its cybersecurity measures .发现安全漏洞产生了直接的**影响**，促使公司加强了其网络安全措施。

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to make bricks without straw

[短语]

to be forced to do a difficult or impossible task without the necessary resources

Ex: As a manager, I know that it's important to provide my team with the tools and resources they need to succeed.You cannot make bricks without straw.

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剑桥英语：CPE（C2 熟练度）

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