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Cambridge English: CPE (C2 Proficiency) - Burdens & Afflictions

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Cambridge English: CPE (C2 Proficiency)
abominable
abominable
[Adjective]

deserving intense hatred due to its cruelty

Ex: The dictator's abominable crimes shocked the world. 
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cloying
cloying
[Adjective]

excessively sweet to the point of being unpleasant

Ex: She couldn't finish the cloying candy. 
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dissonance

a state of disagreement between people's opinions, actions, or personalities, often resulting in tension

Ex: There was clear dissonance between the manager's words and his actions. 
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fetid
fetid
[Adjective]

having a strong and unpleasant smell

Ex: The garbage dump emitted a fetid stench, making the air unpleasant for anyone in the vicinity. 
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onerous
onerous
[Adjective]

difficult and needing a lot of energy and effort

Ex: The new regulations placed on businesses by the government were onerous, requiring extensive paperwork and compliance measures. 
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opprobrium

public disgrace arising from shameful conduct

Ex: The opprobrium of the corruption scandal followed him long after he left office. 
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sordid
sordid
[Adjective]

relating to a disgraceful and corrupted action

Ex: The newspaper reported on the sordid dealings of the corrupt officials. 
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squalor
squalor
[noun]

a state of extreme filth or neglect

Ex: The refugees were forced to live in squalor, with no access to clean water. 
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stigma
stigma
[noun]

a mark of shame attached to a person or condition, often resulting in exclusion or discrimination

Ex: Mental illness still carries a stigma in many communities. 
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detestable
detestable
[Adjective]

unequivocally deserving of intense dislike or hatred

Ex: The dictator's detestable cruelty shocked the international community. 
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malodorous
malodorous
[Adjective]

having a strong and unpleasant smell

Ex: The neglected garbage bin emitted a malodorous stench, indicating the need for immediate disposal. 
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putrid
putrid
[Adjective]

breaking down and rotting, typically referring to organic material

Ex: She disposed of the putrid leftovers from the refrigerator. 
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unruly
unruly
[Adjective]

refusing to accept authority or comply with control

Ex: The captain dealt firmly with the ship's unruly crew. 
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vexing
vexing
[Adjective]

causing irritation, frustration, or distress

Ex: The vexing issue of constant software glitches made the new application frustrating for users. 
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maladjusted
maladjusted
[Adjective]

emotionally unstable and unable to cope with the requirements of a healthy social life

Ex: The maladjusted student struggled to fit in with his peers at school. 
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repugnant
repugnant
[Adjective]

extremely unpleasant and disgusting

Ex: The very thought of cruelty to animals is repugnant to me. 
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obloquy
obloquy
[noun]

a condition of public shame or disgrace brought on by widespread verbal abuse or condemnation

Ex: The collapse of the bridge left the construction firm in lasting obloquy. 
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vexatious
vexatious
[Adjective]

causing annoyance or distress

Ex: The vexatious customer continued to make unreasonable demands, causing a headache for the customer service representative. 
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affliction

a state of pain or suffering due to a physical or mental condition

Ex: His spiritual beliefs helped him find solace in the face of his terminal illness affliction. 
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bane
bane
[noun]

something that causes continual trouble, misery, or destruction

Ex: His arrogance was the bane of his leadership. 
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exigency
exigency
[noun]

an urgent affair to deal with

Ex: The company’s financial exigency requires immediate action to avoid bankruptcy. 
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vexation
vexation
[noun]

a person or thing that provokes annoyance, frustration, or distress

Ex: The buzzing mosquito was a minor vexation during the hike. 
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mortifying
mortifying
[Adjective]

causing intense embarrassment, shame, or humiliation

Ex: Forgetting her lines on stage was a mortifying experience. 
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hapless
hapless
[Adjective]

unfortunate or unlucky, often experiencing difficulty or misfortune

Ex: The hapless traveler lost his wallet and missed his flight, adding to his already troubled journey. 
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paroxysm
paroxysm
[noun]

a sudden and uncontrollable outburst or convulsion, often of emotion or action

Ex: He was overcome by a paroxysm of laughter, unable to control his amusement at the comedian's jokes. 
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a pretty kettle of fish

a troublesome or unpleasant situation

Ex: Well, this is a pretty kettle of fish—we've locked ourselves out. 
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behind the eight ball

in a situation that involves difficulty, particularly one that is worse compared to that of others

Ex: The missed payments put the company behind the eight ball. 
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encumbrance

something burdensome or difficult to deal with

Ex: The project carried the encumbrance of strict deadlines. 
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out of {one's} depth

in a very nervous or frustrating state of mind in face of a problem or situation one knows very little or nothing about

Ex: After the first week in the new role, I felt completely out of my depth. 
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to [leave] {sb} holding the bag

to be left in a difficult or embarrassing situation, often without any support or assistance

Ex: The manager quit suddenly and left us holding the bag. 
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arduous
arduous
[Adjective]

requiring a lot of mental effort and hard work

Ex: Writing a novel can be an arduous process, requiring long hours of focused concentration and creativity. 
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on the carpet

severely criticized by someone in authority

Ex: She was called on the carpet for missing the deadline. 
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to travail

to work hard, often under challenging conditions

Ex: The farmers travailed from dawn until dusk to bring in the harvest. 
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the fat [is] in the fire

said when an action has inevitable consequences

Ex: Once the email went to the whole company, the fat was in the fire. 
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under a cloud of suspicion

viewed with doubt or mistrust, even if not proven

Ex: He left the company under a cloud of suspicion. 
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exigent
exigent
[Adjective]

requiring immediate action or attention due to urgency

Ex: The exigent circumstances forced the team to act quickly. 
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Hobson's choice

a choice made in a situation in which no other options were available

Ex: Accepting the pay cut was a Hobson's choice; the only alternative was losing his job. 
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sword of damocles

a constant and looming threat of harm or disaster, especially one that could strike at any moment, often hanging over someone in a position of power or responsibility

Ex: The threat of bankruptcy hung over the company like a sword of Damocles. 
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vicissitude

a change, often unexpected, in one's situation or fortune

Ex: He endured the vicissitudes of a career in politics. 
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to [pay] the piper

to face the consequences of one's behavior or actions

Ex: If you want quality work, you have to pay the piper for the expertise. 
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ramification

an unexpected event that makes a situation more complex

Ex: Changing the schedule had unforeseen ramifications, causing confusion among team members. 
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to [make] bricks without straw

to be forced to do a difficult or impossible task without the necessary resources

Ex: Trying to launch a startup with no funding is like making bricks without straw. 
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