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Cambridge English: CAE (C1 Advanced) - Ramy społeczne, zarządzanie i dobrobyt

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Cambridge English: CAE (C1 Advanced)
political asylum
political asylum
[Rzeczownik]

the protection that a country grants to someone who has fled their home country because of political reasons

azyl polityczny, ochrona polityczna

azyl polityczny, ochrona polityczna

Ex: She sought political asylum after facing persecution in her home country. 
labor migration
labor migration
[Rzeczownik]

the movement of people from one area or country to another for the purpose of finding work

migracja zarobkowa, migracja siły roboczej

migracja zarobkowa, migracja siły roboczej

Ex: Labor migration from rural to urban areas has increased. 
plea
plea
[Rzeczownik]

a sincere and humble request, often made in times of need or desperation

błaganie, prośba

błaganie, prośba

Ex: She ignored his plea for forgiveness, unwilling to give him another chance. 
vigilant
vigilant
[przymiotnik]

cautious and attentive of one's surrounding, especially to detect and respond to potential dangers or problems

czujny, uważny

czujny, uważny

Ex: The security guard remained vigilant throughout the night, monitoring the premises for any suspicious activity. 
affordable housing
affordable housing
[Rzeczownik]

residential units that are reasonably priced and accessible to people with low to moderate incomes

przystępne mieszkanie, tanie mieszkania

przystępne mieszkanie, tanie mieszkania

Ex: The city council approved a new affordable housing project near downtown. 
measure
measure
[Rzeczownik]

any action or maneuver taken as part of a plan or strategy to achieve a specific goal or progress toward an objective

środek, działanie

środek, działanie

Ex: Implementing stricter security protocols was a necessary measure to protect the company's data. 
to permit
to permit
[Czasownik]

to officially authorize or grant permission for something to occur or be done

zezwalać, pozwalać

zezwalać, pozwalać

Ex: The city council decided to permit the construction of a new shopping mall in the downtown area. 
draconian measure

an extremely severe action, policy, or rule, seen as excessive or unjust

Ex: Critics called the new law a draconian measure. 
charitable
charitable
[przymiotnik]

willing to give money, time, or resources to help others, especially those less fortunate

charytatywny, hojny

charytatywny, hojny

Ex: The woman was so charitable she gave away half her salary to local shelters. 
alleviation
alleviation
[Rzeczownik]

the process or action of making something distressing less severe or intense

łagodzenie, zmniejszenie

łagodzenie, zmniejszenie

Ex: The doctor prescribed medication for the alleviation of chronic back pain. 
asylum seeker
asylum seeker
[Rzeczownik]

a person who has fled their home country due to fear of persecution, based on race, religion, political opinion, or membership in a particular social group, and is seeking international protection in another country

ubiegający się o azyl, wnioskodawca azylu

ubiegający się o azyl, wnioskodawca azylu

Ex: The asylum seeker arrived at the border and requested protection from political violence. 
legislation
legislation
[Rzeczownik]

a formal rule or collection of rules enacted by a governing authority

ustawodawstwo, prawo

ustawodawstwo, prawo

Ex: The new environmental legislation limits carbon emissions from factories. 
status quo
status quo
[Rzeczownik]

the situation or condition that is currently at hand

status quo, obecny stan rzeczy

status quo, obecny stan rzeczy

Ex: The committee decided to maintain the status quo rather than implementing new changes. 
to do away with
to do away with
[Czasownik]

to stop using or having something

znosić, pozbywać się

znosić, pozbywać się

Ex: In an effort to reduce waste, the company decided to do away with single-use plastic in its packaging. 
standard of living

the level of wealth, welfare, comfort, and necessities available to an individual, group, country, etc.

Ex: Improved infrastructure and healthcare services have contributed to a higher standard of living in urban areas. 
globalization
globalization
[Rzeczownik]

the fact that the cultures and economic systems around the world are becoming connected and similar as a result of improvement in communications and development of multinational corporations

globalizacja,  internacjonalizacja

globalizacja, internacjonalizacja

Ex: Globalization has led to an increase in international trade and economic cooperation. 
to lay down
to lay down
[Czasownik]

to officially state that something, such as a principle or rule must be obeyed

ustanawiać, definiować

ustanawiać, definiować

Ex: The judge laid the law down to the defendant, warning him of the consequences of his actions. 
policy maker
policy maker
[Rzeczownik]

someone who makes decisions about the policies that a government or organization follows

twórca polityki, decydent polityczny

twórca polityki, decydent polityczny

Ex: As a policy maker, she played a crucial role in shaping the new education reforms. 
to regulate
to regulate
[Czasownik]

to control or adjust something in a way that agrees with rules and regulations

regulować, kontrolować

regulować, kontrolować

Ex: The government agency works to regulate environmental policies to protect natural resources. 
provision
provision
[Rzeczownik]

the act of making something available, especially necessities or services

zaopatrzenie, dostarczanie

zaopatrzenie, dostarczanie

Ex: The provision of clean water is essential for public health. 
revolution
revolution
[Rzeczownik]

the fundamental change of power, government, etc. in a country by people, particularly involving violence

rewolucja

rewolucja

Ex: The revolution led to the overthrow of the monarchy and the establishment of a republic. 
social fabric

the underlying structure of relationships, values, and institutions that hold a society together

Ex: Poverty and inequality can tear at the social fabric. 
establishment
establishment
[Rzeczownik]

the group of people or departments responsible for managing or governing an organization or system

establishment, aparatura

establishment, aparatura

Ex: The political establishment opposed the reform bill. 
advocate
advocate
[Rzeczownik]

someone who actively supports, promotes, or defends a particular cause or viewpoint, often through public speaking, writing, or activism

obrońca, rzecznik

obrońca, rzecznik

Ex: She's a passionate advocate for environmental sustainability. 
alliance
alliance
[Rzeczownik]

a formal agreement or treaty establishing cooperation between nations or groups for shared objectives

sojusz, pakt

sojusz, pakt

Ex: The military alliance between the two countries was formed to enhance mutual defense capabilities. 
constraint
constraint
[Rzeczownik]

something that limits or restricts actions, choices, or development

ograniczenie, wymóg

ograniczenie, wymóg

Ex: Time is a major constraint in completing the project. 
commuter
commuter
[Rzeczownik]

a person who regularly travels to city for work

dojeżdżający, pasażer

dojeżdżający, pasażer

Ex: The train is always packed with commuters during rush hour. 
occupancy
occupancy
[Rzeczownik]

the action of entering, settling into, or claiming control over a building or space, often for residence, use, or ownership

okupacja, zajęcie

okupacja, zajęcie

Ex: The occupancy of the abandoned warehouse was deemed illegal by city officials. 
amenity
amenity
[Rzeczownik]

a feature or service that adds comfort or value to a place

udogodnienie, usługa

udogodnienie, usługa

Ex: The apartment complex offers amenities such as a gym, pool, and rooftop lounge. 
housing
housing
[Rzeczownik]

buildings in which people live, including their condition, prices, or types

mieszkanie, budownictwo mieszkaniowe

mieszkanie, budownictwo mieszkaniowe

Ex: The government is working on affordable housing. 
infrastructure
infrastructure
[Rzeczownik]

the physical and organizational assets, such as roads, bridges, utilities, and public services, that support economic activity and daily life

infrastruktura, infrastruktury

infrastruktura, infrastruktury

Ex: The government invested billions in rebuilding the nation's aging infrastructure. 
megacity
megacity
[Rzeczownik]

a very large city with a population of more than 10 million people

megamiasto, olbrzymie miasto

megamiasto, olbrzymie miasto

Ex: Tokyo is one of the largest megacities in the world. 
alleyway
alleyway
[Rzeczownik]

a narrow passage between or behind buildings, typically used for access, deliveries, or shortcuts

uliczka, przejście

uliczka, przejście

Ex: She slipped through the alleyway to avoid the crowded sidewalk. 
voluntary
voluntary
[przymiotnik]

working without pay

dobrowolny, bezpłatny

dobrowolny, bezpłatny

Ex: He participated in a voluntary program to help teach children in underserved communities. 
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