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Cambridge English: CAE (C1 Advanced) - Balangkas ng Lipunan, Pamamahala at Kagalingan

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Cambridge English: CAE (C1 Advanced)
political asylum
political asylum
[Pangngalan]

the protection that a country grants to someone who has fled their home country because of political reasons

politikal na asylum, proteksyon politikal

politikal na asylum, proteksyon politikal

Ex: The government granted political asylum to the journalist who fled from a repressive regime .Ipinagkaloob ng gobyerno ang **political asylum** sa mamamahayag na tumakas mula sa isang represibong rehimen.
labor migration
labor migration
[Pangngalan]

the movement of people from one area or country to another for the purpose of finding work

migrasyon ng paggawa, paglipat ng manggagawa

migrasyon ng paggawa, paglipat ng manggagawa

Ex: Rising housing costs have reshaped internal labor migration trends.Ang pagtaas ng mga gastos sa pabahay ay muling humubog sa mga uso ng **migrasyon ng paggawa** sa loob ng bansa.
plea
plea
[Pangngalan]

a sincere and humble request, often made in times of need or desperation

pagsusumamo, pakiusap

pagsusumamo, pakiusap

Ex: The workers ' plea for better working conditions was finally heard by the management .Ang **pamanhik** ng mga manggagawa para sa mas mahusay na mga kondisyon sa trabaho ay sa wakas ay narinig ng pamamahala.
vigilant
vigilant
[pang-uri]

cautious and attentive of one's surrounding, especially to detect and respond to potential dangers or problems

mapagmatyag, maingat

mapagmatyag, maingat

Ex: The citizens formed a neighborhood watch group to remain vigilant against burglaries and vandalism .Ang mga mamamayan ay bumuo ng isang neighborhood watch group upang manatiling **mapagmatyag** laban sa mga pagnanakaw at vandalismo.
affordable housing
affordable housing
[Pangngalan]

residential units that are reasonably priced and accessible to people with low to moderate incomes

abot-kayang pabahay, murang pabahay

abot-kayang pabahay, murang pabahay

Ex: Without access to affordable housing, many residents are forced to move farther from urban centers .Nang walang access sa **abot-kayang pabahay**, maraming residente ang napipilitang lumipat nang mas malayo mula sa mga sentro ng lungsod.
measure
measure
[Pangngalan]

any action or maneuver taken as part of a plan or strategy to achieve a specific goal or progress toward an objective

hakbang, panukala

hakbang, panukala

Ex: As a precautionary measure, they installed smoke detectors throughout the building .Bilang isang **hakbang** pang-iingat, naglagay sila ng mga smoke detector sa buong gusali.
to permit
to permit
[Pandiwa]

to officially authorize or grant permission for something to occur or be done

pahintulutan, payagan

pahintulutan, payagan

Ex: The museum permitted photography without flash inside the exhibit halls .Pinahintulutan ng museo ang pagkuha ng litrato nang walang flash sa loob ng mga exhibit hall.
draconian measure

an extremely severe action, policy, or rule, seen as excessive or unjust

Ex: Such draconian measures can lead to public unrest.
charitable
charitable
[pang-uri]

willing to give money, time, or resources to help others, especially those less fortunate

mapagkawanggawa, mapagbigay

mapagkawanggawa, mapagbigay

Ex: The charitable donors funded the new wing of the children 's hospital .Ang mga **mapagkawanggawa** na donor ang nagpondo sa bagong wing ng ospital ng mga bata.
alleviation
alleviation
[Pangngalan]

the process or action of making something distressing less severe or intense

pagpapagaan, pagbabawas

pagpapagaan, pagbabawas

Ex: The new policy aims at the alleviation of traffic congestion during peak hours .Ang bagong patakaran ay naglalayong **pagpapagaan** ng trapiko sa oras ng rurok.
asylum seeker
asylum seeker
[Pangngalan]

a person who has fled their home country due to fear of persecution, based on race, religion, political opinion, or membership in a particular social group, and is seeking international protection in another country

naghahangad ng asylum, nag-aapply ng asylum

naghahangad ng asylum, nag-aapply ng asylum

Ex: Legal aid organizations help asylum seekers navigate complex immigration systems .Tumutulong ang mga organisasyon ng tulong legal sa mga **naghahanap ng asylum** na mag-navigate sa mga kumplikadong sistema ng imigrasyon.
legislation
legislation
[Pangngalan]

a formal rule or collection of rules enacted by a governing authority

batas, legislasyon

batas, legislasyon

Ex: The legislation banning single-use plastics will take effect next year .**Ang batas** na nagbabawal sa single-use plastics ay magkakabisa sa susunod na taon.
status quo
status quo
[Pangngalan]

the situation or condition that is currently at hand

status quo, kasalukuyang kalagayan

status quo, kasalukuyang kalagayan

Ex: The company ’s policy aims to preserve the status quo in terms of employee benefits .Ang patakaran ng kumpanya ay naglalayong panatilihin ang **status quo** sa mga tuntunin ng mga benepisyo ng empleyado.
to do away with

to stop using or having something

alisin, itigil

alisin, itigil

Ex: As part of the cost-cutting measures , the company chose to do away with certain non-essential services .Bilang bahagi ng mga hakbang sa pagbawas ng gastos, pinili ng kumpanya na **alisin** ang ilang di-mahahalagang serbisyo.
standard of living

the level of wealth, welfare, comfort, and necessities available to an individual, group, country, etc.

Ex: Economic policies that promote job creation and income growth can positively impact the standard of living for citizens.
globalization
globalization
[Pangngalan]

the fact that the cultures and economic systems around the world are becoming connected and similar as a result of improvement in communications and development of multinational corporations

globalisasyon,  pagiging global

globalisasyon, pagiging global

Ex: The cultural influence of Hollywood is a major example of globalization in the entertainment industry .Ang impluwensyang kultural ng Hollywood ay isang pangunahing halimbawa ng **globalisasyon** sa industriya ng libangan.
to lay down
to lay down
[Pandiwa]

to officially state that something, such as a principle or rule must be obeyed

itaguyod, tukuyin

itaguyod, tukuyin

Ex: The police officer laid the law down to the teenagers, warning them of the consequences of their actions.**Ipinahayag** ng pulis ang batas sa mga tinedyer, binabalaan sila sa mga kahihinatnan ng kanilang mga aksyon.
policy maker
policy maker
[Pangngalan]

someone who makes decisions about the policies that a government or organization follows

tagapagpatupad ng patakaran, gumagawa ng patakaran

tagapagpatupad ng patakaran, gumagawa ng patakaran

Ex: The policy maker's efforts to improve healthcare access have been widely praised by public health advocates .Ang mga pagsisikap ng **tagapagpatupad ng patakaran** na mapabuti ang access sa pangangalagang pangkalusugan ay malawak na pinuri ng mga tagapagtaguyod ng kalusugang pampubliko.
to regulate
to regulate
[Pandiwa]

to control or adjust something in a way that agrees with rules and regulations

regulahin, kontrolin

regulahin, kontrolin

Ex: The manager is actively regulating safety protocols for the workplace .Ang manager ay aktibong **nagre-regulate** ng mga safety protocol para sa workplace.
provision
provision
[Pangngalan]

the act of making something available, especially necessities or services

pagbibigay, paghahatid

pagbibigay, paghahatid

Ex: The nonprofit focuses on the provision of shelter for displaced families .Ang nonprofit na organisasyon ay nakatuon sa **pagbibigay** ng tirahan para sa mga pamilyang napalayas.
revolution
revolution
[Pangngalan]

the fundamental change of power, government, etc. in a country by people, particularly involving violence

rebolusyon

rebolusyon

Ex: The revolution resulted in significant political and social reforms across the nation .Ang **rebolusyon** ay nagresulta sa makabuluhang mga repormang pampulitika at panlipunan sa buong bansa.
social fabric
social fabric
[Parirala]

the underlying structure of relationships, values, and institutions that hold a society together

Ex: The pandemic exposed weaknesses in the social fabric.
establishment
establishment
[Pangngalan]

the group of people or departments responsible for managing or governing an organization or system

Ex: The church establishment resisted social change .
advocate
advocate
[Pangngalan]

someone who actively supports, promotes, or defends a particular cause or viewpoint, often through public speaking, writing, or activism

tagapagtanggol, tagapagtaguyod

tagapagtanggol, tagapagtaguyod

Ex: The student acted as an advocate for inclusive education policies .Ang mag-aaral ay kumilos bilang isang **tagapagtaguyod** ng mga patakaran sa inclusive na edukasyon.
alliance
alliance
[Pangngalan]

a formal agreement or treaty establishing cooperation between nations or groups for shared objectives

Ex: Cultural alliances between universities foster academic exchange and collaboration in research .
constraint
constraint
[Pangngalan]

something that limits or restricts actions, choices, or development

hadlang, limitasyon

hadlang, limitasyon

Ex: The team 's constraints included limited equipment and space .Ang mga **hadlang** ng koponan ay may limitadong kagamitan at espasyo.
commuter
commuter
[Pangngalan]

a person who regularly travels to city for work

pasahero, nagko-commute

pasahero, nagko-commute

Ex: The train station was crowded with commuters heading to the city .Ang istasyon ng tren ay puno ng **mga commuter** na papunta sa lungsod.
occupancy
occupancy
[Pangngalan]

the action of entering, settling into, or claiming control over a building or space, often for residence, use, or ownership

pananahan, pagsakop

pananahan, pagsakop

Ex: The developer scheduled occupancy of the new apartments for early spring .Isinchedule ng developer ang **pag-okupa** ng mga bagong apartment para sa maagang tagsibol.
amenity
amenity
[Pangngalan]

a feature or service that adds comfort or value to a place

kaginhawaan, serbisyo

kaginhawaan, serbisyo

Ex: Access to public transportation is a key amenity for city dwellers .Ang access sa pampublikong transportasyon ay isang pangunahing **kaginhawahan** para sa mga naninirahan sa lungsod.
housing
housing
[Pangngalan]

buildings in which people live, including their condition, prices, or types

pabahay, tirahan

pabahay, tirahan

Ex: Good housing conditions improve people ’s quality of life .Ang magagandang kondisyon ng **pabahay** ay nagpapabuti sa kalidad ng buhay ng mga tao.
infrastructure
infrastructure
[Pangngalan]

the physical and organizational assets, such as roads, bridges, utilities, and public services, that support economic activity and daily life

imprastraktura, mga imprastraktura

imprastraktura, mga imprastraktura

Ex: Infrastructure development is key to attracting foreign investment .Ang pag-unlad ng **imprastraktura** ay susi sa pag-akit ng dayuhang pamumuhunan.
megacity
megacity
[Pangngalan]

a very large city with a population of more than 10 million people

megacity, napakalaking lungsod

megacity, napakalaking lungsod

Ex: The government plans to invest heavily in the megacity’s transportation system .Plano ng pamahalaan na mamuhunan nang malaki sa sistema ng transportasyon ng **megacity**.
alleyway
alleyway
[Pangngalan]

a narrow passage between or behind buildings, typically used for access, deliveries, or shortcuts

eskinita, daanan

eskinita, daanan

Ex: They parked their bikes in the alleyway beside the café .Ipinark nila ang kanilang mga bisikleta sa **eskinita** sa tabi ng kapehan.
voluntary
voluntary
[pang-uri]

working without pay

boluntaryo, walang bayad

boluntaryo, walang bayad

Ex: The organization relied on voluntary contributions from people who wanted to help .Ang organisasyon ay umaasa sa **kusang-loob** na mga kontribusyon mula sa mga taong nais tumulong.
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