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Cambridge IELTS 16 - Akademicki - Test 2 - Czytanie - Fragment 1 (2)

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Cambridge IELTS 16 - Academic
neolithic
neolithic
[przymiotnik]

related to the latest part of the Stone Age when humans used stones as tools and weapons

neolityczny, związany z neolitem

neolityczny, związany z neolitem

track
track
[Rzeczownik]

a road or path that is rough and usually made by animals or people repeatedly walking there

ścieżka, droga

ścieżka, droga

Ex: He walked along the track until he reached the village. 
burial mound
burial mound
[Rzeczownik]

(archeology) a heap of earth placed over prehistoric tombs

kurhan, kopiec grobowy

kurhan, kopiec grobowy

cemetery
cemetery
[Rzeczownik]

an area of land where dead people are buried, usually not next to a church

cmentarz, nekropolia

cmentarz, nekropolia

Ex: They visited the cemetery to place flowers on the grave. 
carving
carving
[Rzeczownik]

an object or pattern that is made by cutting solid material

rzeźba, snycerka

rzeźba, snycerka

to appreciate
to appreciate
[Czasownik]

to fully understand or recognize the qualities, significance, or worth of something

doceniać, rozumieć

doceniać, rozumieć

Ex: She came to appreciate his sense of humor after spending more time with him. 
nevertheless
nevertheless
[przysłówek]

used to introduce an opposing statement

niemniej jednak, jednakże

niemniej jednak, jednakże

Ex: The plan was risky; they proceeded nevertheless. 
valley
valley
[Rzeczownik]

a low area of land between mountains or hills, often with a river flowing through it

dolina, kotlina

dolina, kotlina

Ex: The sun set behind the hills, casting long shadows over the valley. 
adequate
adequate
[przymiotnik]

about average; acceptable

odpowiedni, wystarczający

odpowiedni, wystarczający

to gain
to gain
[Czasownik]

to reach or arrive at a specific destination or place

osiągać, docierać do

osiągać, docierać do

Ex: After hours of hiking, they finally gained the mountain peak. 
close quarters
close quarters
[Rzeczownik]

a situation of being uncomfortably close to someone or something

bliska odległość, bliski kontakt

bliska odległość, bliski kontakt

Common Era
Common Era
[przysłówek]

used with a date to refer to things happened or existed after the birth of Christ

naszej ery, po Chrystusie

naszej ery, po Chrystusie

Ex: The fall of the Western Roman Empire occurred around 476 CE. 
abbey
abbey
[Rzeczownik]

a church with buildings connected to it in which a group of monks or nuns live or used to live

opactwo, klasztor

opactwo, klasztor

Ex: We visited the abbey during our vacation, marveling at its breathtaking architecture and tranquil surroundings. 
depiction
depiction
[Rzeczownik]

a graphic or vivid verbal description

przedstawienie, opis

przedstawienie, opis

optically
optically
[przysłówek]

with regard to how people see things or use light, especially with lenses or visual processes

optycznie, pod względem optycznym

optycznie, pod względem optycznym

Ex: The microscope was adjusted optically to magnify the tiny details of the specimen. 
to stimulate
to stimulate
[Czasownik]

to encourage or provoke a response, reaction, or activity

stymulować, zachęcać

stymulować, zachęcać

Ex: The interactive workshop was designed to stimulate creative thinking and problem-solving skills. 
luminescence
luminescence
[Rzeczownik]

light from nonthermal sources

luminescencja, światło ze źródeł nietermicznych

luminescencja, światło ze źródeł nietermicznych

archeological
archeological
[przymiotnik]

related to the study or exploration of human history and prehistory through the excavation of artifacts and sites

archeologiczny

archeologiczny

Ex: The archeological team unearthed ancient pottery shards near the riverbank. 
unit
unit
[Rzeczownik]

an individual or group or structure or other entity regarded as a structural or functional constituent of a whole

jednostka, element

jednostka, element

soil
soil
[Rzeczownik]

the black or brownish substance consisted of organic remains, rock particles, and clay that forms the upper layer of earth where trees or other plants grow

gleba, ziemia

gleba, ziemia

Ex: The gardeners enriched the soil with compost to improve plant growth. 
construction
construction
[Rzeczownik]

the process of building or creating something, such as structures, machines, or infrastructure

budowa

budowa

Ex: The construction of the new hospital is ahead of schedule. 
in other words
in other words
[przysłówek]

used to provide an alternative or clearer way of expressing the same idea

innymi słowy, czyli

innymi słowy, czyli

Ex: The weather is quite pleasant today; in other words, it's a beautiful day. 
latter
latter
[przymiotnik]

closest to the end of a particular period of time, event, etc.

ostatni, późniejszy

ostatni, późniejszy

Ex: During the latter stages of the project, the team encountered unforeseen challenges. 
occupation
occupation
[Rzeczownik]

the state or period in which a country, city, etc. is taken control of by armed forces

okupacja, przejęcie kontroli

okupacja, przejęcie kontroli

Ex: The occupation of the city by enemy forces lasted for nearly a decade, during which the local population suffered greatly. 
to indicate
to indicate
[Czasownik]

to show, point out, or suggest the existence, presence, or nature of something

wskazywać, pokazywać

wskazywać, pokazywać

Ex: The thermometer indicates that the temperature is rising. 
tribal
tribal
[przymiotnik]

associated with a social group of people who share common ancestry, language, and traditions, and often reside in a specific geographic area

plemienny, rodowy

plemienny, rodowy

Ex: The tribal elders gathered to discuss matters of governance and tradition within the community. 
emblem
emblem
[Rzeczownik]

a special design or sign that represents a nation, monarchy, etc.

emblemat, symbol

emblemat, symbol

Ex: The national flag featured an emblem at its center, signifying the country's heritage. 
inhabitant
inhabitant
[Rzeczownik]

a person or animal that resides in a particular place

mieszkaniec, rezydent

mieszkaniec, rezydent

Ex: The city has over a million inhabitants, making it one of the largest in the country. 
alternatively
alternatively
[przysłówek]

as a second choice or another possibility

alternatywnie, jako alternatywa

alternatywnie, jako alternatywa

Ex: If you prefer not to drive, you can alternatively take the train to the city. 
ritual
ritual
[Rzeczownik]

the act of conducting a series of fixed actions, particular to a religious ceremony

rytuał, ceremonia

rytuał, ceremonia

Ex: The priest performed the ritual of sprinkling holy water during the baptism. 
celtic
celtic
[przymiotnik]

relating to or characteristic of the Celts

celtycki

celtycki

to worship
to worship
[Czasownik]

to respect and honor God or a deity, especially by performing rituals

czcić, adorować

czcić, adorować

Ex: During the festival, devotees gather at the temple to worship the deity with offerings of flowers, incense, and fruits. 
fertility
fertility
[Rzeczownik]

the property of producing abundantly and sustaining vigorous and luxuriant growth

żyzność

żyzność

cult
cult
[Rzeczownik]

a group of people with extreme religious views who are separate from any established religion

sekta, kult

sekta, kult

Ex: The authorities investigated allegations of abuse within the cult. 
significance
significance
[Rzeczownik]

the state of being important or worthy of attention

znaczenie, waga

znaczenie, waga

Ex: The significance of her research cannot be understated in the field of medicine. 
to attest
to attest
[Czasownik]

to establish the truth of something by providing evidence or testimony

zaświadczać, potwierdzać

zaświadczać, potwierdzać

Ex: His honesty and integrity attest to his trustworthiness. 
native
native
[przymiotnik]

related to one's place of birth

rodowity, ojczysty

rodowity, ojczysty

Ex: She spoke with a native accent from her hometown. 
mythology
mythology
[Rzeczownik]

a collection of ancient myths, particularly one that belongs to a group of people and their history, etc.

mitologia

mitologia

Ex: Greek mythology includes stories of gods, goddesses, and heroes such as Zeus, Athena, and Hercules. 
gesture
gesture
[Rzeczownik]

an action done to express an intention, feeling, or goodwill without necessarily using words

gest, czyn

gest, czyn

Ex: Bringing flowers was a kind gesture. 
giant
giant
[przymiotnik]

extremely large in size

olbrzymi, gigantyczny

olbrzymi, gigantyczny

Ex: The giant mountain range stretched across the horizon, its peaks disappearing into the clouds. 
fascinating
fascinating
[przymiotnik]

extremely interesting or captivating

fascynujący, porywający

fascynujący, porywający

Ex: The history of ancient civilizations is endlessly fascinating to archaeologists. 
glimpse
glimpse
[Rzeczownik]

a quick or partial view of something, often fleeting or incomplete

spojrzenie, przelotny widok

spojrzenie, przelotny widok

Ex: She caught a glimpse of the sunset through the trees before it disappeared below the horizon. 
to alter
to alter
[Czasownik]

to cause something to change

zmieniać, modyfikować

zmieniać, modyfikować

Ex: New technologies can greatly alter the way we live and communicate. 
hillfort
hillfort
[Rzeczownik]

an ancient military building built on a hill, usually surrounded by earth walls or ditches, used for protection and as a place to live

grodzisko, forteca na wzgórzu

grodzisko, forteca na wzgórzu

Ex: The remains of the hillfort can still be seen today. 
to tie
to tie
[Czasownik]

to connect or link two things together, showing a relationship or connection between them

wiązać, powiązać

wiązać, powiązać

Ex: The study ties smoking to health problems. 
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