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Vocabular pentru IELTS Academic (Scor 8-9) - Politics

Aici, vei învăța câteva cuvinte în engleză legate de politică care sunt necesare pentru examenul academic IELTS.

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Vocabulary for Academic IELTS (8)
populism
populism
[substantiv]

a type of politics that purports to represent the opinions and desires of ordinary people in order to gain their support

populism, demagogie

populism, demagogie

Ex: Populism in politics refers to a movement or approach that seeks to represent the interests and voices of ordinary people, often positioning itself against established elites or institutions. 
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totalitarianism
totalitarianism
[substantiv]

the doctrine of absolute governmental power

totalitarism, doctrina puterii guvernamentale absolute

totalitarism, doctrina puterii guvernamentale absolute

Ex: The political party embraced totalitarianism as the guiding principle of its rule. 
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bipartisan
bipartisan
[adjectiv]

involving the cooperation or agreement of two political parties, especially those usually opposed to each other, to achieve a common goal or outcome

bipartizan, bipartit

bipartizan, bipartit

Ex: The bipartisan committee worked together to draft legislation addressing the economic challenges facing the country. 
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caucus
caucus
[substantiv]

a party meeting to discuss policy or select candidates

caucus, ședință de partid

caucus, ședință de partid

Ex: The Democratic caucus met to discuss their strategy for the upcoming election. 
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psephology
psephology
[substantiv]

the scientific study of elections, including the analysis of voting patterns, behavior, and electoral systems, to understand and predict political outcomes

psefologie, studiul științific al alegerilor

psefologie, studiul științific al alegerilor

Ex: Psephology played a crucial role in predicting the election results by analyzing historical voting patterns and demographics. 
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agitprop
agitprop
[substantiv]

the political propaganda, especially in the form of art, literature, or media, used to promote a particular ideology, cause, or political agenda

agitprop, propagandă politică

agitprop, propagandă politică

Ex: During the election season, both political parties engaged in agitprop, utilizing advertisements and media campaigns to sway public opinion. 
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brinkmanship
brinkmanship
[substantiv]

the practice of pushing a dangerous situation or confrontation to the edge of disaster, often with the intention of achieving a specific outcome

politica de margine a prăpastiei, strategia apocalipsei

politica de margine a prăpastiei, strategia apocalipsei

Ex: The Cold War era was characterized by moments of brinkmanship, as nuclear-armed nations engaged in high-stakes confrontations. 
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constitutionalism
constitutionalism
[substantiv]

the advocacy or support of government according to constitutional principles

constitutionalism, apărarea principiilor constituționale

constitutionalism, apărarea principiilor constituționale

Ex: The lawyer championed constitutionalism as a safeguard against arbitrary rule. 
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dog whistle
dog whistle
[substantiv]

a coded message intended to be understood by a particular group while remaining unnoticed or ambiguous to others

mesaj ascuns, mesaj implicit

mesaj ascuns, mesaj implicit

Ex: The candidate's speech contained several dog whistles aimed at his conservative base, subtly signaling his stance on immigration reform without directly addressing the issue. 
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geopolitics
geopolitics
[substantiv]

the study of how geography influences global political and economic interactions

geopolitică

geopolitică

Ex: Geopolitics played a significant role in the strategic decisions of nations during the Cold War, with considerations of territorial proximity and resources influencing alliances. 
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power politics
power politics
[substantiv]

the use of political, economic, or military power to achieve and maintain influence and control on the global or national stage

politica puterii, politica forței

politica puterii, politica forței

Ex: The history of international relations is marked by instances of power politics, where nations strategically pursued their interests through diplomatic and military means. 
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fanaticism
fanaticism
[substantiv]

the extreme political or religious beliefs often accompanied by intolerance for different views

fanatism, intoleranță religioasă

fanatism, intoleranță religioasă

Ex: The novel explored the dangers of religious fanaticism and its impact on society. 
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hard left
hard left
[substantiv]

an individual or group advocating for radical or extreme left-wing political positions and policies

stânga dură, extrema stângă

stânga dură, extrema stângă

Ex: He thinks the hard left is right. 
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hard right
hard right
[substantiv]

extremely conservative or right-wing political ideologies, often associated with more radical views within the right-wing spectrum

extrema dreaptă, dreapta dură

extrema dreaptă, dreapta dură

Ex: Media outlets associated with the hard right may promote nationalist narratives, traditional values, and opposition to liberal ideals. 
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militarism
militarism
[substantiv]

the belief that a country must have a strong military force in order to seem more powerful

militarism

militarism

Ex: Militarism is a political and social ideology that emphasizes the importance of military power and the maintenance of a strong, aggressive defense force. 
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statism
statism
[substantiv]

the belief in or practice of giving a central government significant control over social and economic affairs

etatism, intervenționism de stat

etatism, intervenționism de stat

Ex: Statism is a political system or ideology that emphasizes the role of the state in controlling economic and social policy, often advocating for significant government intervention in various aspects of life. 
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unilateralism
unilateralism
[substantiv]

the practice or principle of a nation or party taking actions, making decisions, or forming alliances without seeking or considering the approval, consensus, or cooperation of others

unilateralism, acțiune unilaterală

unilateralism, acțiune unilaterală

Ex: The president's decision to withdraw from the international treaty was an example of unilateralism, as it was done without consulting or seeking approval from allied nations. 
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incumbent
incumbent
[substantiv]

the current holder of a particular office or position, especially in politics

deținătorul actual, în exercițiu

deținătorul actual, în exercițiu

Ex: The incumbent faced strong competition in the upcoming election. 
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sedition
sedition
[substantiv]

the act of rebellion or resistance against established authority, typically through speech or conduct

sediție, rebeliune

sediție, rebeliune

Ex: The revolutionary pamphlet was charged with sedition, as it called for citizens to overthrow the government. 
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suffrage
suffrage
[substantiv]

the right or privilege of casting a vote in public elections

sufragiu, drept de vot

sufragiu, drept de vot

Ex: Some countries still restrict suffrage based on gender, age, or socio-economic status. 
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siege
siege
[substantiv]

the act of surrounding the enemy, a town, etc. and cutting off their supplies so that they would surrender

asalt, blocadă

asalt, blocadă

Ex: The city endured a prolonged siege as enemy forces surrounded it, cutting off all supply routes. 
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red tape
red tape
[substantiv]

official procedures or rules that are unnecessary and time-consuming

birocrație, hârțogăraie inutilă

birocrație, hârțogăraie inutilă

Ex: The project was delayed for months because of red tape. 
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to promulgate

to formally put a law or regulation into effect through official proclamation

promulga, a da în vigoare

promulga, a da în vigoare

Ex: The government promulgated new tax laws effective January 1st. 
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skirmish
skirmish
[substantiv]

a short, political argument, particularly between rivals

încleştare,  ceartă

încleştare, ceartă

Ex: The soldiers engaged in a brief skirmish with enemy forces before retreating to regroup. 
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absolutism
absolutism
[substantiv]

the principle or system of unlimited and unchecked governmental power

absolutism, despotism

absolutism, despotism

Ex: The monarch ruled under the doctrine of political absolutism. 
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