IELTS学术词汇 (分数8-9) - Politics

在这里，你将学习一些与政治相关的英语单词，这些单词是学术雅思考试所必需的。

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populism [名词]

民粹主义

Ex: Leaders who embrace populism frequently use rhetoric that emphasizes the dichotomy between " the people " and " the elite , " promising to return power to the common citizen .

接受民粹主义的领导人经常使用强调“人民”与“精英”之间对立的言辞，承诺将权力归还给普通公民。

totalitarianism [名词]

the doctrine of absolute governmental power

Ex: Historical studies often examine the rise of totalitarianism in the 20th century .

bipartisan [形容词]

两党的

Ex: The successful passage of the bill was a result of bipartisan support , with representatives from both major parties backing the initiative .

法案的成功通过是两党支持的结果，两大政党的代表都支持这一倡议。

caucus [名词]

党团会议

Ex: Republican caucus members gathered to nominate their candidate for mayor .

共和党党团会议成员聚集在一起提名他们的市长候选人。

psephology [名词]

选举学

Ex: The university offers a specialized course in psephology , attracting students interested in understanding the intricacies of electoral politics .

该大学提供了一门专门的选举学课程，吸引了那些对理解选举政治复杂性感兴趣的学生。

agitprop [名词]

宣传鼓动

Ex: The regime relied heavily on agitprop posters and slogans to foster a sense of loyalty and support among the population .

政权严重依赖宣传鼓动海报和口号来培养民众的忠诚和支持感。

brinkmanship [名词]

边缘政策

Ex: Diplomats engaged in brinkmanship during the tense negotiations , pushing the limits to secure favorable terms for their respective countries .

外交官们在紧张的谈判中进行了边缘政策，为了确保各自国家的有利条件而将局势推向极限。

constitutionalism [名词]

the advocacy or support of government according to constitutional principles

Ex: Early political philosophers argued for constitutionalism to limit monarchs ' power .

dog whistle [名词]

狗哨

Ex: The speechwriter included dog whistles to signal his stance on controversial issues .

演讲稿撰写人包含了狗哨来表明他对争议问题的立场。

geopolitics [名词]

地缘政治学

Ex: Geopolitics comes into play in international negotiations , as countries leverage their geographical advantages to secure favorable agreements .

地缘政治在国际谈判中发挥作用，因为各国利用其地理优势来确保有利的协议。

power politics [名词]

强权政治

Ex: In the realm of power politics , states engage in alliances and rivalries to enhance their geopolitical standing and influence on the global stage .

在权力政治的领域，国家通过参与联盟和竞争来提升其地缘政治地位和全球舞台上的影响力。

fanaticism [名词]

狂热

Ex: Many historical tragedies have been the result of unchecked fanaticism and extreme ideologies .

许多历史悲剧是 unchecked 狂热和极端意识形态的结果。

hard left [名词]

强硬左派

hard right [名词]

极右

Ex: The politician 's stance on immigration placed him firmly in the hard right of the political spectrum .

这位政治家在移民问题上的立场使他坚定地站在政治光谱的极右翼。

militarism [名词]

军国主义

Ex: During the early 20th century , militarism was a significant factor in the buildup to World War I , as nations invested heavily in their armed forces and adopted warlike policies .

在20世纪初，军国主义是导致第一次世界大战的重要因素，因为各国大力投资于其武装力量并采取了好战的政策。

statism [名词]

国家主义

Ex: Proponents of statism argue that a strong , centralized government is necessary to ensure social justice , economic stability , and the provision of public goods and services .

国家主义的支持者认为，一个强大的中央集权政府对于确保社会正义、经济稳定以及公共产品和服务的提供是必要的。

unilateralism [名词]

单边主义

Ex: The country 's approach to trade negotiations reflected a commitment to unilateralism , prioritizing its own economic interests over multilateral agreements .

该国对贸易谈判的态度反映了一种对单边主义的承诺，优先考虑自身经济利益而非多边协议。

incumbent [名词]

现任者

Ex: The incumbent has done little to address the growing concerns of the community .

现任者在解决社区日益增长的担忧方面做得很少。

sedition [名词]

煽动叛乱

Ex: The political leader faced charges of sedition for delivering a speech encouraging mass protests against the ruling regime .

这位政治领导人因发表鼓励大规模抗议统治政权的演讲而面临煽动叛乱的指控。

suffrage [名词]

选举权

Ex: Women 's suffrage was a pivotal movement in the early 20th century .

妇女的选举权是20世纪初的一项关键运动。

siege [名词]

围攻

Ex: During the siege , the inhabitants of the city faced starvation and disease as they defended themselves against constant attacks .

在围城期间，城市的居民在抵御不断攻击的同时面临着饥饿和疾病。

red tape [名词]

繁文缛节

Ex: The project was delayed for months due to all the red tape involved in getting approval from the government .

由于从政府获得批准所涉及的所有繁文缛节，该项目被推迟了数月。

to promulgate [动词]

颁布

Ex: The revised constitution was officially promulgated last year .

修订后的宪法于去年正式颁布。

skirmish [名词]

小冲突

Ex: The skirmish between rival gangs resulted in several injuries and property damage .

敌对帮派之间的小冲突导致了几人受伤和财产损失。

absolutism [名词]

the principle or system of unlimited and unchecked governmental power

Ex: Absolutism often leads to centralization of authority .

IELTS学术词汇 (分数8-9)
尺寸和规模	尺寸和面积	重量和稳定性	形状
数量增加	金额减少	Intensity	Speed
Significance	独特性	Value	Complexity
挑战	Quality	Success	Failure
体型	年龄与外貌	Wellness	Intelligence
人类特质	积极的情感反应	负面情绪反应	积极情绪状态
负面情绪状态	社会行为	味道和气味	纹理
声音	Temperature	意见	想法与决定
鼓励与气馁	尊重与批准	请求和建议	尝试与预防
运动	肢体语言和手势	指挥和给予权限	从事口头交流
吃喝	准备食物	Science	改变和形成
Education	Astronomy	Physics	Biology
Chemistry	Geology	Philosophy	Psychology
数学与图表	Geometry	Environment	能量与功率
景观与地理	Engineering	Technology	Internet
Computer	History	Religion	文化与习俗
Language	Arts	Music	电影与戏剧
Literature	Architecture	Marketing	Finance
Management	Medicine	疾病与症状	Law
Crime	Punishment	Government	Politics
War	Measurement	情感	旅行与迁移
Weather	Pollution	灾难	动物
食物和饮料	方式副词