Słownictwo do IELTS Academic (Wynik 8-9) - Politics

a type of politics that purports to represent the opinions and desires of ordinary people in order to gain their support

the belief in and implementation of a political system where the government possesses absolute control over its citizens

involving the cooperation or agreement of two political parties, especially those usually opposed to each other, to achieve a common goal or outcome

a party meeting to discuss policy or select candidates

the scientific study of elections, including the analysis of voting patterns, behavior, and electoral systems, to understand and predict political outcomes

the political propaganda, especially in the form of art, literature, or media, used to promote a particular ideology, cause, or political agenda

the practice of pushing a dangerous situation or confrontation to the edge of disaster, often with the intention of achieving a specific outcome

the commitment to governing in accordance with the principles and provisions specified in a constitution, promoting the rule of law and safeguarding individual rights

a coded message intended to be understood by a particular group while remaining unnoticed or ambiguous to others

the study of how geography influences global political and economic interactions

the use of political, economic, or military power to achieve and maintain influence and control on the global or national stage

the extreme political or religious beliefs often accompanied by intolerance for different views

an individual or group advocating for radical or extreme left-wing political positions and policies

extremely conservative or right-wing political ideologies, often associated with more radical views within the right-wing spectrum

the belief that a country must have a strong military force in order to seem more powerful

the belief in or practice of giving a central government significant control over social and economic affairs

the practice or principle of a nation or party taking actions, making decisions, or forming alliances without seeking or considering the approval, consensus, or cooperation of others

the current holder of a particular office or position, especially in politics

the act of rebellion or resistance against established authority, typically through speech or conduct

the right or privilege of casting a vote in public elections

the act of surrounding the enemy, a town, etc. and cutting off their supplies so that they would surrender

official procedures or rules that are unnecessary and time-consuming

to make a formal statement presenting a new rule, law, etc. that is going to be put into action

a short, political argument, particularly between rivals

the belief in a political theory that stands for giving the total power to a single person or government at all times