Akademicki IELTS (Pasmo 8 i Wyżej) - Politics

a type of politics that purports to represent the opinions and desires of ordinary people in order to gain their support

populizm

the belief in and implementation of a political system where the government possesses absolute control over its citizens

totalitaryzm, system totalitarny

involving the cooperation or agreement of two political parties, especially those usually opposed to each other, to achieve a common goal or outcome

bipartiański, dwupartyjny

a party meeting to discuss policy or select candidates

kaukaz, spotkanie partyjne

the scientific study of elections, including the analysis of voting patterns, behavior, and electoral systems, to understand and predict political outcomes

psefologia

the political propaganda, especially in the form of art, literature, or media, used to promote a particular ideology, cause, or political agenda

agitprop, propaganda polityczna

the practice of pushing a dangerous situation or confrontation to the edge of disaster, often with the intention of achieving a specific outcome

polityka na krawędzi, gry na krawędzi

the commitment to governing in accordance with the principles and provisions specified in a constitution, promoting the rule of law and safeguarding individual rights

konstytucjonalizm, poszanowanie konstytucji

a coded message intended to be understood by a particular group while remaining unnoticed or ambiguous to others

gwizdek dla psa, zakodowana wiadomość

the study of how geography influences global political and economic interactions

geopolityka

the use of political, economic, or military power to achieve and maintain influence and control on the global or national stage

polityka władzy, polityka mocy

the extreme political or religious beliefs often accompanied by intolerance for different views

fanatyzm, ekstremizm

an individual or group advocating for radical or extreme left-wing political positions and policies

ekstremna lewica, lewicowy radykalizm

extremely conservative or right-wing political ideologies, often associated with more radical views within the right-wing spectrum

skrajna prawica, twarda prawica

the belief that a country must have a strong military force in order to seem more powerful

militaryzm

the belief in or practice of giving a central government significant control over social and economic affairs

statyzm

the practice or principle of a nation or party taking actions, making decisions, or forming alliances without seeking or considering the approval, consensus, or cooperation of others

unilateralizm

the current holder of a particular office or position, especially in politics

ubiegający się, current holder

the act of rebellion or resistance against established authority, typically through speech or conduct

bunt

the right or privilege of casting a vote in public elections

prawo wyborcze, sufrażystki

the act of surrounding the enemy, a town, etc. and cutting off their supplies so that they would surrender

oblężenie

official procedures or rules that are unnecessary and time-consuming

biurokracja, procedury

to make a formal statement presenting a new rule, law, etc. that is going to be put into action

ogłaszać, promulgować

a short, political argument, particularly between rivals

sprzeczka, starcie

the belief in a political theory that stands for giving the total power to a single person or government at all times

absolutyzm