Słownictwo do IELTS Academic (Wynik 8-9) - Politics
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a type of politics that purports to represent the opinions and desires of ordinary people in order to gain their support

populizm, demagogia
the belief in and implementation of a political system where the government possesses absolute control over its citizens

totalitaryzm, absolutyzm polityczny
involving the cooperation or agreement of two political parties, especially those usually opposed to each other, to achieve a common goal or outcome

dwupartyjny, bipartisan
a party meeting to discuss policy or select candidates

kaukus, spotkanie partyjne
the scientific study of elections, including the analysis of voting patterns, behavior, and electoral systems, to understand and predict political outcomes

psefologia, naukowe badanie wyborów
the political propaganda, especially in the form of art, literature, or media, used to promote a particular ideology, cause, or political agenda

agitprop, propaganda polityczna
the practice of pushing a dangerous situation or confrontation to the edge of disaster, often with the intention of achieving a specific outcome

polityka na krawędzi, strategia apokalipsy
the commitment to governing in accordance with the principles and provisions specified in a constitution, promoting the rule of law and safeguarding individual rights

konstytucjonalizm, zasada konstytucyjności
a coded message intended to be understood by a particular group while remaining unnoticed or ambiguous to others

gwizdek dla psa, zakodowana wiadomość
the study of how geography influences global political and economic interactions

geopolityka
the use of political, economic, or military power to achieve and maintain influence and control on the global or national stage

polityka siły, polityka władzy
the extreme political or religious beliefs often accompanied by intolerance for different views

fanatyzm, religijna nietolerancja
an individual or group advocating for radical or extreme left-wing political positions and policies

twarda lewica, skrajna lewica
extremely conservative or right-wing political ideologies, often associated with more radical views within the right-wing spectrum

skrajna prawica, twarda prawica
the belief that a country must have a strong military force in order to seem more powerful

militaryzm
the belief in or practice of giving a central government significant control over social and economic affairs

etatyzm, interwencjonizm państwowy
the practice or principle of a nation or party taking actions, making decisions, or forming alliances without seeking or considering the approval, consensus, or cooperation of others

unilateralizm, działanie jednostronne
the current holder of a particular office or position, especially in politics

obecny posiadacz, urzędujący
the act of rebellion or resistance against established authority, typically through speech or conduct

bunt, rewolta
the right or privilege of casting a vote in public elections

prawo wyborcze, prawo głosu
the act of surrounding the enemy, a town, etc. and cutting off their supplies so that they would surrender

oblężenie, blokada
official procedures or rules that are unnecessary and time-consuming

biurokracja, formalności
to formally put a law or regulation into effect through official proclamation

ogłosić, wprowadzić w życie
a short, political argument, particularly between rivals

potyczka, utarczka
the belief in a political theory that stands for giving the total power to a single person or government at all times

absolutyzm, monarchia absolutna
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