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Slovní zásoba pro IELTS Academic (Skóre 8-9) - Politics

Zde se naučíte některá anglická slova související s politikou, která jsou nezbytná pro akademickou zkoušku IELTS.

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Vocabulary for Academic IELTS (8)
populism
populism
[Podstatné jméno]

a type of politics that purports to represent the opinions and desires of ordinary people in order to gain their support

populismus, demagogie

populismus, demagogie

Ex: Populism in politics refers to a movement or approach that seeks to represent the interests and voices of ordinary people, often positioning itself against established elites or institutions. 
totalitarianism
totalitarianism
[Podstatné jméno]

the doctrine of absolute governmental power

totalitarismus, doktrína absolutní vládní moci

totalitarismus, doktrína absolutní vládní moci

Ex: The political party embraced totalitarianism as the guiding principle of its rule. 
bipartisan
bipartisan
[Přídavné jméno]

involving the cooperation or agreement of two political parties, especially those usually opposed to each other, to achieve a common goal or outcome

bipartisan, dvoustranický

bipartisan, dvoustranický

Ex: The bipartisan committee worked together to draft legislation addressing the economic challenges facing the country. 
caucus
caucus
[Podstatné jméno]

a party meeting to discuss policy or select candidates

caucus, stranická schůze

caucus, stranická schůze

Ex: The Democratic caucus met to discuss their strategy for the upcoming election. 
psephology
psephology
[Podstatné jméno]

the scientific study of elections, including the analysis of voting patterns, behavior, and electoral systems, to understand and predict political outcomes

psefologie, vědecké studium voleb

psefologie, vědecké studium voleb

Ex: Psephology played a crucial role in predicting the election results by analyzing historical voting patterns and demographics. 
agitprop
agitprop
[Podstatné jméno]

the political propaganda, especially in the form of art, literature, or media, used to promote a particular ideology, cause, or political agenda

agitprop, politická propaganda

agitprop, politická propaganda

Ex: During the election season, both political parties engaged in agitprop, utilizing advertisements and media campaigns to sway public opinion. 
brinkmanship
brinkmanship
[Podstatné jméno]

the practice of pushing a dangerous situation or confrontation to the edge of disaster, often with the intention of achieving a specific outcome

politika na pokraji propasti, strategie apokalypsy

politika na pokraji propasti, strategie apokalypsy

Ex: The Cold War era was characterized by moments of brinkmanship, as nuclear-armed nations engaged in high-stakes confrontations. 
constitutionalism
constitutionalism
[Podstatné jméno]

the advocacy or support of government according to constitutional principles

konstitucionalismus, obhajoba ústavních zásad

konstitucionalismus, obhajoba ústavních zásad

Ex: The lawyer championed constitutionalism as a safeguard against arbitrary rule. 
dog whistle
dog whistle
[Podstatné jméno]

a coded message intended to be understood by a particular group while remaining unnoticed or ambiguous to others

kódované sdělení, skrytý význam

kódované sdělení, skrytý význam

Ex: The candidate's speech contained several dog whistles aimed at his conservative base, subtly signaling his stance on immigration reform without directly addressing the issue. 
geopolitics
geopolitics
[Podstatné jméno]

the study of how geography influences global political and economic interactions

geopolitika

geopolitika

Ex: Geopolitics played a significant role in the strategic decisions of nations during the Cold War, with considerations of territorial proximity and resources influencing alliances. 
power politics
power politics
[Podstatné jméno]

the use of political, economic, or military power to achieve and maintain influence and control on the global or national stage

mocenská politika, politika síly

mocenská politika, politika síly

Ex: The history of international relations is marked by instances of power politics, where nations strategically pursued their interests through diplomatic and military means. 
fanaticism
fanaticism
[Podstatné jméno]

the extreme political or religious beliefs often accompanied by intolerance for different views

fanatismus, náboženská nesnášenlivost

fanatismus, náboženská nesnášenlivost

Ex: The novel explored the dangers of religious fanaticism and its impact on society. 
hard left
hard left
[Podstatné jméno]

an individual or group advocating for radical or extreme left-wing political positions and policies

tvrdá levice, extrémní levice

tvrdá levice, extrémní levice

Ex: He thinks the hard left is right. 
hard right
hard right
[Podstatné jméno]

extremely conservative or right-wing political ideologies, often associated with more radical views within the right-wing spectrum

extrémní pravice, tvrdá pravice

extrémní pravice, tvrdá pravice

Ex: Media outlets associated with the hard right may promote nationalist narratives, traditional values, and opposition to liberal ideals. 
militarism
militarism
[Podstatné jméno]

the belief that a country must have a strong military force in order to seem more powerful

militarismus

militarismus

Ex: Militarism is a political and social ideology that emphasizes the importance of military power and the maintenance of a strong, aggressive defense force. 
statism
statism
[Podstatné jméno]

the belief in or practice of giving a central government significant control over social and economic affairs

etatismus, státní intervence

etatismus, státní intervence

Ex: Statism is a political system or ideology that emphasizes the role of the state in controlling economic and social policy, often advocating for significant government intervention in various aspects of life. 
unilateralism
unilateralism
[Podstatné jméno]

the practice or principle of a nation or party taking actions, making decisions, or forming alliances without seeking or considering the approval, consensus, or cooperation of others

unilateralismus, jednostranné jednání

unilateralismus, jednostranné jednání

Ex: The president's decision to withdraw from the international treaty was an example of unilateralism, as it was done without consulting or seeking approval from allied nations. 
incumbent
incumbent
[Podstatné jméno]

the current holder of a particular office or position, especially in politics

stávající držitel, úřadující

stávající držitel, úřadující

Ex: The incumbent faced strong competition in the upcoming election. 
sedition
sedition
[Podstatné jméno]

the act of rebellion or resistance against established authority, typically through speech or conduct

vzpoura, rebelie

vzpoura, rebelie

Ex: The revolutionary pamphlet was charged with sedition, as it called for citizens to overthrow the government. 
suffrage
suffrage
[Podstatné jméno]

the right or privilege of casting a vote in public elections

volební právo, právo volit

volební právo, právo volit

Ex: Some countries still restrict suffrage based on gender, age, or socio-economic status. 
siege
siege
[Podstatné jméno]

the act of surrounding the enemy, a town, etc. and cutting off their supplies so that they would surrender

obležení, blokáda

obležení, blokáda

Ex: The city endured a prolonged siege as enemy forces surrounded it, cutting off all supply routes. 
red tape
red tape
[Podstatné jméno]

official procedures or rules that are unnecessary and time-consuming

úřední byrokracie, zbytečné papírování

úřední byrokracie, zbytečné papírování

Ex: The project was delayed for months because of red tape. 
to promulgate
to promulgate
[sloveso]

to formally put a law or regulation into effect through official proclamation

vyhlásit, uvest v platnost

vyhlásit, uvest v platnost

Ex: The government promulgated new tax laws effective January 1st. 
skirmish
skirmish
[Podstatné jméno]

a short, political argument, particularly between rivals

šarvátka,  potyčka

šarvátka, potyčka

Ex: The soldiers engaged in a brief skirmish with enemy forces before retreating to regroup. 
absolutism
absolutism
[Podstatné jméno]

the principle or system of unlimited and unchecked governmental power

absolutismus, despotismus

absolutismus, despotismus

Ex: The monarch ruled under the doctrine of political absolutism. 
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