Лингвистика - Языковые семьи

a large family of related languages spoken by billions of people across various regions of the world, including Europe, South Asia, and parts of Central Asia

индоевропейские языки

a branch of the larger Indo-European language family that includes languages such as English, German, Dutch, Swedish, and Norwegian, among others, primarily spoken in Northern Europe and certain parts of the world due to historical migrations and colonial influence

германские языки

a branch of the Indo-European language family that evolved from Vulgar Latin

романские языки

a branch of the Indo-European language family that includes languages such as Russian, Polish, Ukrainian, Czech, Serbian, and Bulgarian, among others

славянские языки

a language family encompassing Finnish, Estonian, Hungarian, Sami, and others, primarily spoken in Northern and Eastern Europe, as well as parts of Siberia, distinguished by their distinct linguistic features from the Indo-European language family

уральские языки

a group of Uralic languages spoken by the indigenous Sami people across northern parts of Scandinavia and Russia, with various dialects such as North Sami, South Sami, and Inari Sami

саамские языки

a branch of the Celtic language family that includes Irish Gaelic, Scottish Gaelic, and Manx

гэльские языки

a branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family, including languages such as Arabic, Hebrew, and Amharic, primarily spoken in the Middle East and North Africa, characterized by shared linguistic features and historical relationships

семитские языки

a language family that includes languages such as Turkish, Uzbek, Kazakh, Kyrgyz, and many others, primarily spoken in Central Asia, Turkey, and parts of Siberia, characterized by shared linguistic features and historical connections to the Turkic peoples

тюркские языки

a branch of the Indo-European language family that includes languages such as Hindi, Bengali, Punjabi, Gujarati, and many others, primarily spoken in the Indian subcontinent, characterized by shared linguistic features and historical development from the ancient Indo-Aryan languages

индостано-арийские языки

a language family that includes languages such as Mandarin Chinese, Tibetan, Burmese, and many others, primarily spoken in East Asia and Southeast Asia

китайско-тибетские языки

a language family consisting of numerous closely related Native American languages, including languages such as Ojibwa, Cree, Blackfoot, and many others

алгонкинские языки

a group of indigenous languages spoken by the Mayan peoples across Mesoamerica, including languages such as Yucatec Maya, K'iche', Tz'utujil, and many others

майянские языки

a branch of the Indo-European language family that includes languages such as Lithuanian, Latvian, and, historically, Old Prussian, primarily spoken in the Baltic region of northeastern Europe

Балтийские языки

a branch of the Indo-European language family that includes languages such as Irish Gaelic, Scottish Gaelic, Welsh, Breton, and Cornish, primarily spoken in various regions of the British Isles and parts of France

кельтские языки

a large language family that includes languages such as Arabic, Amharic, Hebrew, Hausa, and many others, primarily spoken in regions across North Africa, the Horn of Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, and parts of West Asia

афразийские языки

a language family that includes languages such as Dinka, Luo, Maasai, and many others, primarily spoken in regions across Central and East Africa

нило-сахарские языки

a branch of the Afroasiatic language family that includes languages such as Oromo, Somali, Sidamo, and many others, primarily spoken in the Horn of Africa and parts of East Africa

кушитские языки

a vast language family that includes languages such as Malay, Indonesian, Tagalog, Javanese, Hawaiian, and many others, spoken across Southeast Asia, Oceania, and parts of East Africa

австронезийские языки

a group of several closely related Eastern Iranian languages spoken in the Pamir Mountains of Central Asia, including languages such as Shughni, Wakhi, and Ishkashimi

памирские языки

a group of indigenous languages spoken by people in the Pacific Northwest region of North America

салишанские языки

a family of indigenous languages spoken by the Tsimshian peoples in the Pacific Northwest region of North America, including languages such as Sm'algyax (Coast Tsimshian) and Gitxsan

цимшианские языки

a language family that includes languages such as Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam, and many others, primarily spoken in South India and parts of Sri Lanka

дравидийские языки

a large language family that includes languages such as Swahili, Yoruba, Zulu, Hausa, and many others, spoken across sub-Saharan Africa

нигеро-конголезские языки

a language family that includes languages such as Khmer, Vietnamese, Mon, and many others, primarily spoken in Southeast Asia and parts of South Asia

австроазиатские языки

a language family that includes languages such as Thai, Lao, Zhuang, and many others, primarily spoken in Southeast Asia, particularly in Thailand, Laos, and parts of China

языки Кра-Дай

a proposed language family that includes languages such as Turkish, Mongolian, Korean, and others, primarily spoken in Central Asia, Siberia, and parts of East Asia

альтайские языки

a language family that includes languages such as Guarani, Tupi, and many others, primarily spoken in South America, particularly in Brazil, Paraguay, and parts of Argentina

тупианские языки

a language family that includes languages such as Zapotec, Mixtec, Otomi, and many others, primarily spoken in Mexico

отомангеанские языки

a language family that includes languages such as Navajo, Apache, Tlingit, and many others, primarily spoken in North America, particularly in parts of the United States, Canada, and Alaska

языки На-Дене

a language family that includes languages such as Hmong, Mien, and several others, primarily spoken in East and Southeast Asia

языки хмонг-миен

a language family that includes the Japanese language and its dialects, characterized by their unique linguistic features and primarily spoken in Japan

японские языки

a subgroup of the Germanic language family that includes languages such as Norwegian, Swedish, Danish, and Icelandic, primarily spoken in the Scandinavian countries

северногерманские языки

a language family that includes languages such as Ojibwe, Cree, and Algonquin, primarily spoken in North America, particularly in the Great Lakes region and parts of Eastern Canada

алгикские языки

a diverse language family spoken by indigenous peoples in South America and the Caribbean, including languages such as Taino and Garifuna

аравакские языки

a language family spoken by various indigenous peoples in South America, particularly in the northern regions of the continent, including languages such as Carib, Macushi, and many others

карибские языки

a proposed language family that includes various indigenous languages spoken in North America, particularly in the western United States and parts of Mexico

пенутианские языки

a major branch of the Indo-European language family, which includes languages such as Hindi, Urdu, Persian, Pashto, and many others, primarily spoken in South Asia, Iran, and parts of Central Asia

индо-иранские языки

a language family spoken by various indigenous peoples in South America, particularly in Brazil, including languages such as Kaingang, Xavante, and many others

языки Макро-Же

a language family spoken by indigenous peoples in Papua New Guinea and the surrounding areas, including languages such as Wapei, Yafi, and many others

языки торричелли

a language family spoken by indigenous peoples in the Amazon Basin, primarily in Brazil, Colombia, and Venezuela, including languages such as Tucano, Cubeo, and many others

туканские языки

a language family spoken by various indigenous peoples in Northeast Asia, particularly in Russia, China, and Mongolia, including languages such as Evenki, Even, and many others

тунгусские языки

a language family spoken by indigenous peoples in the Chukotka Peninsula and Kamchatka Peninsula in Russia, including languages such as Chukchi, Koryak, and others

чукотско-камчатские языки

a language family spoken primarily in Georgia and the surrounding regions, including languages such as Georgian, Svan, Mingrelian, and Laz

картвельские языки

the language family that includes the Korean language and its dialects, primarily spoken in North and South Korea

корейские языки

a language family spoken primarily in Mongolia, China, and other regions of Central Asia, including languages such as Mongolian, Buryat, and Kalmyk

монгольские языки

a language family spoken primarily by indigenous peoples in North America, including languages such as Mohawk, Cherokee, Seneca, and many others

ирокезские языки

a language family spoken by various indigenous peoples in Southern Africa, particularly in Namibia, Botswana, and South Africa

кхошанские языки

a major language family spoken in sub-Saharan Africa, encompassing numerous languages such as Swahili, Yoruba, Igbo, Wolof, and many others

атлантико-конголезские языки

a language family spoken primarily in the Andean region of South America, including languages such as Aymara and Jaqaru

аймара языки

a language family spoken by indigenous peoples in the Arctic regions of North America and eastern Siberia, including languages such as Inuktitut, Yupik, and Aleut

эскальютские языки

a branch of the Indo-European language family that includes various extinct and modern languages spoken in ancient Italy, such as Latin, Oscan, Umbrian, and others

италийские языки

a language family spoken primarily in West Africa, including languages such as Bambara, Mandinka, and many others

мандейские языки