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言語学 - 言語家族

ここでは「スラブ諸語」「インド・ヨーロッパ諸語」「ゲール語」などの言語族に関連する英単語を学びます。

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Words Related to Linguistics
Indo-European languages

a large family of related languages spoken by billions of people across various regions of the world, including Europe, South Asia, and parts of Central Asia

インド・ヨーロッパ語族

インド・ヨーロッパ語族

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[名詞]
Germanic languages

a branch of the larger Indo-European language family that includes languages such as English, German, Dutch, Swedish, and Norwegian, among others, primarily spoken in Northern Europe and certain parts of the world due to historical migrations and colonial influence

ゲルマン語派

ゲルマン語派

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[名詞]
Romance languages

a branch of the Indo-European language family that evolved from Vulgar Latin

ロマンス語

ロマンス語

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[名詞]
Slavic languages

a branch of the Indo-European language family that includes languages such as Russian, Polish, Ukrainian, Czech, Serbian, and Bulgarian, among others

スラブ語

スラブ語

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[名詞]
Uralic languages

a language family encompassing Finnish, Estonian, Hungarian, Sami, and others, primarily spoken in Northern and Eastern Europe, as well as parts of Siberia, distinguished by their distinct linguistic features from the Indo-European language family

ウラル語族

ウラル語族

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[名詞]
Sami languages

a group of Uralic languages spoken by the indigenous Sami people across northern parts of Scandinavia and Russia, with various dialects such as North Sami, South Sami, and Inari Sami

サーミ語

サーミ語

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[名詞]
Gaelic languages

a branch of the Celtic language family that includes Irish Gaelic, Scottish Gaelic, and Manx

ゲール語

ゲール語

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[名詞]
Semitic languages

a branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family, including languages such as Arabic, Hebrew, and Amharic, primarily spoken in the Middle East and North Africa, characterized by shared linguistic features and historical relationships

セム語族

セム語族

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[名詞]
Turkic languages

a language family that includes languages such as Turkish, Uzbek, Kazakh, Kyrgyz, and many others, primarily spoken in Central Asia, Turkey, and parts of Siberia, characterized by shared linguistic features and historical connections to the Turkic peoples

トルコ語族

トルコ語族

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[名詞]
Indo-Aryan languages

a branch of the Indo-European language family that includes languages such as Hindi, Bengali, Punjabi, Gujarati, and many others, primarily spoken in the Indian subcontinent, characterized by shared linguistic features and historical development from the ancient Indo-Aryan languages

インド・アーリア語

インド・アーリア語

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[名詞]
Sino-Tibetan languages

a language family that includes languages such as Mandarin Chinese, Tibetan, Burmese, and many others, primarily spoken in East Asia and Southeast Asia

シノ・チベット語

シノ・チベット語

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[名詞]
Algonquian languages

a language family consisting of numerous closely related Native American languages, including languages such as Ojibwa, Cree, Blackfoot, and many others

アルゴンキン語

アルゴンキン語

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[名詞]
Mayan languages

a group of indigenous languages spoken by the Mayan peoples across Mesoamerica, including languages such as Yucatec Maya, K'iche', Tz'utujil, and many others

マヤ語

マヤ語

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[名詞]
Baltic languages

a branch of the Indo-European language family that includes languages such as Lithuanian, Latvian, and, historically, Old Prussian, primarily spoken in the Baltic region of northeastern Europe

バルト語

バルト語

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[名詞]
Celtic languages

a branch of the Indo-European language family that includes languages such as Irish Gaelic, Scottish Gaelic, Welsh, Breton, and Cornish, primarily spoken in various regions of the British Isles and parts of France

ケルト語

ケルト語

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[名詞]
Afroasiatic languages

a large language family that includes languages such as Arabic, Amharic, Hebrew, Hausa, and many others, primarily spoken in regions across North Africa, the Horn of Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, and parts of West Asia

アフロアジア語族

アフロアジア語族

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[名詞]
Nilo-Saharan languages

a language family that includes languages such as Dinka, Luo, Maasai, and many others, primarily spoken in regions across Central and East Africa

ニロ・サハラ語族

ニロ・サハラ語族

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[名詞]
Cushitic languages

a branch of the Afroasiatic language family that includes languages such as Oromo, Somali, Sidamo, and many others, primarily spoken in the Horn of Africa and parts of East Africa

クシティック語

クシティック語

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[名詞]
Austronesian languages

a vast language family that includes languages such as Malay, Indonesian, Tagalog, Javanese, Hawaiian, and many others, spoken across Southeast Asia, Oceania, and parts of East Africa

オーストロネシア語

オーストロネシア語

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[名詞]
Pamir languages

a group of several closely related Eastern Iranian languages spoken in the Pamir Mountains of Central Asia, including languages such as Shughni, Wakhi, and Ishkashimi

パミール語

パミール語

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[名詞]
Salishan languages

a group of indigenous languages spoken by people in the Pacific Northwest region of North America

サリッシャン語

サリッシャン語

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[名詞]
Tsimshianic languages

a family of indigenous languages spoken by the Tsimshian peoples in the Pacific Northwest region of North America, including languages such as Sm'algyax (Coast Tsimshian) and Gitxsan

ツィムシアン語

ツィムシアン語

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[名詞]
Dravidian languages

a language family that includes languages such as Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam, and many others, primarily spoken in South India and parts of Sri Lanka

ドラヴィダ語群

ドラヴィダ語群

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[名詞]
Niger-Congo languages

a large language family that includes languages such as Swahili, Yoruba, Zulu, Hausa, and many others, spoken across sub-Saharan Africa

ニジェール・コンゴ語族

ニジェール・コンゴ語族

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[名詞]
Austroasiatic languages

a language family that includes languages such as Khmer, Vietnamese, Mon, and many others, primarily spoken in Southeast Asia and parts of South Asia

オーストロアジア語

オーストロアジア語

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[名詞]
Kra-Dai languages

a language family that includes languages such as Thai, Lao, Zhuang, and many others, primarily spoken in Southeast Asia, particularly in Thailand, Laos, and parts of China

クラー・ダイ言語

クラー・ダイ言語

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[名詞]
Altaic languages

a proposed language family that includes languages such as Turkish, Mongolian, Korean, and others, primarily spoken in Central Asia, Siberia, and parts of East Asia

アルタイ語族

アルタイ語族

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[名詞]
Tupian languages

a language family that includes languages such as Guarani, Tupi, and many others, primarily spoken in South America, particularly in Brazil, Paraguay, and parts of Argentina

トゥピアン言語

トゥピアン言語

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[名詞]
Otomanguean languages

a language family that includes languages such as Zapotec, Mixtec, Otomi, and many others, primarily spoken in Mexico

オトマンゲ語

オトマンゲ語

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[名詞]
Na-Dene languages

a language family that includes languages such as Navajo, Apache, Tlingit, and many others, primarily spoken in North America, particularly in parts of the United States, Canada, and Alaska

ナデネ語

ナデネ語

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[名詞]
Hmong-Mien languages

a language family that includes languages such as Hmong, Mien, and several others, primarily spoken in East and Southeast Asia

モン-ミエン語

モン-ミエン語

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[名詞]
Japonic languages

a language family that includes the Japanese language and its dialects, characterized by their unique linguistic features and primarily spoken in Japan

日本語族

日本語族

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[名詞]
North Germanic languages

a subgroup of the Germanic language family that includes languages such as Norwegian, Swedish, Danish, and Icelandic, primarily spoken in the Scandinavian countries

北ゲルマン語

北ゲルマン語

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[名詞]
Algic languages

a language family that includes languages such as Ojibwe, Cree, and Algonquin, primarily spoken in North America, particularly in the Great Lakes region and parts of Eastern Canada

アルギク語族

アルギク語族

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[名詞]
Arawakan languages

a diverse language family spoken by indigenous peoples in South America and the Caribbean, including languages such as Taino and Garifuna

アラワク語

アラワク語

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[名詞]
Cariban languages

a language family spoken by various indigenous peoples in South America, particularly in the northern regions of the continent, including languages such as Carib, Macushi, and many others

カリバン語

カリバン語

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[名詞]
Penutian languages

a proposed language family that includes various indigenous languages spoken in North America, particularly in the western United States and parts of Mexico

ペヌティアン語族

ペヌティアン語族

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[名詞]
Indo-Iranian languages

a major branch of the Indo-European language family, which includes languages such as Hindi, Urdu, Persian, Pashto, and many others, primarily spoken in South Asia, Iran, and parts of Central Asia

インド・イラン語族

インド・イラン語族

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[名詞]
Macro-Je languages

a language family spoken by various indigenous peoples in South America, particularly in Brazil, including languages such as Kaingang, Xavante, and many others

マクロジェ語

マクロジェ語

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[名詞]
Torricelli languages

a language family spoken by indigenous peoples in Papua New Guinea and the surrounding areas, including languages such as Wapei, Yafi, and many others

トリチェッリ語

トリチェッリ語

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[名詞]
Tucanoan languages

a language family spoken by indigenous peoples in the Amazon Basin, primarily in Brazil, Colombia, and Venezuela, including languages such as Tucano, Cubeo, and many others

トゥカナ語族

トゥカナ語族

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[名詞]
Tungusic languages

a language family spoken by various indigenous peoples in Northeast Asia, particularly in Russia, China, and Mongolia, including languages such as Evenki, Even, and many others

ツングース語

ツングース語

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[名詞]
Chukotko-Kamchatkan languages

a language family spoken by indigenous peoples in the Chukotka Peninsula and Kamchatka Peninsula in Russia, including languages such as Chukchi, Koryak, and others

チュクチコ-カムチャツカ語

チュクチコ-カムチャツカ語

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[名詞]
Kartvelian languages

a language family spoken primarily in Georgia and the surrounding regions, including languages such as Georgian, Svan, Mingrelian, and Laz

カルトヴェル語族

カルトヴェル語族

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[名詞]
Koreanic languages

the language family that includes the Korean language and its dialects, primarily spoken in North and South Korea

朝鮮語族

朝鮮語族

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[名詞]
Mongolic languages

a language family spoken primarily in Mongolia, China, and other regions of Central Asia, including languages such as Mongolian, Buryat, and Kalmyk

モンゴル語

モンゴル語

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[名詞]
Iroquoian languages

a language family spoken primarily by indigenous peoples in North America, including languages such as Mohawk, Cherokee, Seneca, and many others

イロコイ語族

イロコイ語族

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[名詞]
Khoisan languages

a language family spoken by various indigenous peoples in Southern Africa, particularly in Namibia, Botswana, and South Africa

コイサン語

コイサン語

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[名詞]
Atlantic–Congo languages

a major language family spoken in sub-Saharan Africa, encompassing numerous languages such as Swahili, Yoruba, Igbo, Wolof, and many others

アトランティック・コンゴ語族

アトランティック・コンゴ語族

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[名詞]
Aymaran languages

a language family spoken primarily in the Andean region of South America, including languages such as Aymara and Jaqaru

アイマラ語

アイマラ語

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[名詞]
Eskaleut languages

a language family spoken by indigenous peoples in the Arctic regions of North America and eastern Siberia, including languages such as Inuktitut, Yupik, and Aleut

エスカリート語

エスカリート語

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[名詞]
Italic languages

a branch of the Indo-European language family that includes various extinct and modern languages spoken in ancient Italy, such as Latin, Oscan, Umbrian, and others

イタリック語

イタリック語

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[名詞]
Mande languages

a language family spoken primarily in West Africa, including languages such as Bambara, Mandinka, and many others

マンデ語

マンデ語

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[名詞]
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