Językoznawstwo - Rodziny językowe

a large family of related languages spoken by billions of people across various regions of the world, including Europe, South Asia, and parts of Central Asia

języki indoeuropejskie

a branch of the larger Indo-European language family that includes languages such as English, German, Dutch, Swedish, and Norwegian, among others, primarily spoken in Northern Europe and certain parts of the world due to historical migrations and colonial influence

języki germańskie

a branch of the Indo-European language family that evolved from Vulgar Latin

języki romańskie

a branch of the Indo-European language family that includes languages such as Russian, Polish, Ukrainian, Czech, Serbian, and Bulgarian, among others

języki słowiańskie

a language family encompassing Finnish, Estonian, Hungarian, Sami, and others, primarily spoken in Northern and Eastern Europe, as well as parts of Siberia, distinguished by their distinct linguistic features from the Indo-European language family

języki uralskie

a group of Uralic languages spoken by the indigenous Sami people across northern parts of Scandinavia and Russia, with various dialects such as North Sami, South Sami, and Inari Sami

języki saamskie

a branch of the Celtic language family that includes Irish Gaelic, Scottish Gaelic, and Manx

języki gaelickie

a branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family, including languages such as Arabic, Hebrew, and Amharic, primarily spoken in the Middle East and North Africa, characterized by shared linguistic features and historical relationships

języki semickie

a language family that includes languages such as Turkish, Uzbek, Kazakh, Kyrgyz, and many others, primarily spoken in Central Asia, Turkey, and parts of Siberia, characterized by shared linguistic features and historical connections to the Turkic peoples

języki tureckie

a branch of the Indo-European language family that includes languages such as Hindi, Bengali, Punjabi, Gujarati, and many others, primarily spoken in the Indian subcontinent, characterized by shared linguistic features and historical development from the ancient Indo-Aryan languages

języki indoeuropejskie

a language family that includes languages such as Mandarin Chinese, Tibetan, Burmese, and many others, primarily spoken in East Asia and Southeast Asia

języki sino-tybetańskie

a language family consisting of numerous closely related Native American languages, including languages such as Ojibwa, Cree, Blackfoot, and many others

języki algonkińskie

a group of indigenous languages spoken by the Mayan peoples across Mesoamerica, including languages such as Yucatec Maya, K'iche', Tz'utujil, and many others

języki majów

a branch of the Indo-European language family that includes languages such as Lithuanian, Latvian, and, historically, Old Prussian, primarily spoken in the Baltic region of northeastern Europe

języki bałtyckie

a branch of the Indo-European language family that includes languages such as Irish Gaelic, Scottish Gaelic, Welsh, Breton, and Cornish, primarily spoken in various regions of the British Isles and parts of France

języki celtyckie

a large language family that includes languages such as Arabic, Amharic, Hebrew, Hausa, and many others, primarily spoken in regions across North Africa, the Horn of Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, and parts of West Asia

języki afroazjatyckie

a language family that includes languages such as Dinka, Luo, Maasai, and many others, primarily spoken in regions across Central and East Africa

języki nilo-saharyjskie

a branch of the Afroasiatic language family that includes languages such as Oromo, Somali, Sidamo, and many others, primarily spoken in the Horn of Africa and parts of East Africa

języki kushickie

a vast language family that includes languages such as Malay, Indonesian, Tagalog, Javanese, Hawaiian, and many others, spoken across Southeast Asia, Oceania, and parts of East Africa

języki austroazjatyckie

a group of several closely related Eastern Iranian languages spoken in the Pamir Mountains of Central Asia, including languages such as Shughni, Wakhi, and Ishkashimi

języki pamirskie

a group of indigenous languages spoken by people in the Pacific Northwest region of North America

języki saliszanskie

a family of indigenous languages spoken by the Tsimshian peoples in the Pacific Northwest region of North America, including languages such as Sm'algyax (Coast Tsimshian) and Gitxsan

języki tsimshian

a language family that includes languages such as Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam, and many others, primarily spoken in South India and parts of Sri Lanka

języki drawidyjskie

a large language family that includes languages such as Swahili, Yoruba, Zulu, Hausa, and many others, spoken across sub-Saharan Africa

języki niger-kongo

a language family that includes languages such as Khmer, Vietnamese, Mon, and many others, primarily spoken in Southeast Asia and parts of South Asia

języki austroazjatyckie

a language family that includes languages such as Thai, Lao, Zhuang, and many others, primarily spoken in Southeast Asia, particularly in Thailand, Laos, and parts of China

języki Kra-Dai

a proposed language family that includes languages such as Turkish, Mongolian, Korean, and others, primarily spoken in Central Asia, Siberia, and parts of East Asia

języki altaickie

a language family that includes languages such as Guarani, Tupi, and many others, primarily spoken in South America, particularly in Brazil, Paraguay, and parts of Argentina

języki tupiańskie

a language family that includes languages such as Zapotec, Mixtec, Otomi, and many others, primarily spoken in Mexico

języki otomangue

a language family that includes languages such as Navajo, Apache, Tlingit, and many others, primarily spoken in North America, particularly in parts of the United States, Canada, and Alaska

języki Na-Dene

a language family that includes languages such as Hmong, Mien, and several others, primarily spoken in East and Southeast Asia

języki Hmong-Mien

a language family that includes the Japanese language and its dialects, characterized by their unique linguistic features and primarily spoken in Japan

języki japońskie

a subgroup of the Germanic language family that includes languages such as Norwegian, Swedish, Danish, and Icelandic, primarily spoken in the Scandinavian countries

północnogermanckie języki

a language family that includes languages such as Ojibwe, Cree, and Algonquin, primarily spoken in North America, particularly in the Great Lakes region and parts of Eastern Canada

języki algickie

a diverse language family spoken by indigenous peoples in South America and the Caribbean, including languages such as Taino and Garifuna

języki arawackie

a language family spoken by various indigenous peoples in South America, particularly in the northern regions of the continent, including languages such as Carib, Macushi, and many others

języki karibańskie

a proposed language family that includes various indigenous languages spoken in North America, particularly in the western United States and parts of Mexico

języki penutiańskie

a major branch of the Indo-European language family, which includes languages such as Hindi, Urdu, Persian, Pashto, and many others, primarily spoken in South Asia, Iran, and parts of Central Asia

języki indoirańskie

a language family spoken by various indigenous peoples in South America, particularly in Brazil, including languages such as Kaingang, Xavante, and many others

języki Macro-Je

a language family spoken by indigenous peoples in Papua New Guinea and the surrounding areas, including languages such as Wapei, Yafi, and many others

języki torricelli

a language family spoken by indigenous peoples in the Amazon Basin, primarily in Brazil, Colombia, and Venezuela, including languages such as Tucano, Cubeo, and many others

języki tucanoańskie

a language family spoken by various indigenous peoples in Northeast Asia, particularly in Russia, China, and Mongolia, including languages such as Evenki, Even, and many others

języki tunguskie

a language family spoken by indigenous peoples in the Chukotka Peninsula and Kamchatka Peninsula in Russia, including languages such as Chukchi, Koryak, and others

języki czukocko-kamczackie

a language family spoken primarily in Georgia and the surrounding regions, including languages such as Georgian, Svan, Mingrelian, and Laz

języki kartwelskie

the language family that includes the Korean language and its dialects, primarily spoken in North and South Korea

języki koreańskie

a language family spoken primarily in Mongolia, China, and other regions of Central Asia, including languages such as Mongolian, Buryat, and Kalmyk

języki mongolskie

a language family spoken primarily by indigenous peoples in North America, including languages such as Mohawk, Cherokee, Seneca, and many others

języki irokeskie

a language family spoken by various indigenous peoples in Southern Africa, particularly in Namibia, Botswana, and South Africa

języki khoisan

a major language family spoken in sub-Saharan Africa, encompassing numerous languages such as Swahili, Yoruba, Igbo, Wolof, and many others

języki atlantycko-kongijskie

a language family spoken primarily in the Andean region of South America, including languages such as Aymara and Jaqaru

języki ajmara

a language family spoken by indigenous peoples in the Arctic regions of North America and eastern Siberia, including languages such as Inuktitut, Yupik, and Aleut

języki eskaleut

a branch of the Indo-European language family that includes various extinct and modern languages spoken in ancient Italy, such as Latin, Oscan, Umbrian, and others

języki italskie

a language family spoken primarily in West Africa, including languages such as Bambara, Mandinka, and many others

języki mande