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Словарный запас для IELTS Academic (Оценка 8-9) - Internet

Здесь вы выучите некоторые английские слова, связанные с Интернетом, которые необходимы для академического экзамена IELTS.

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Vocabulary for Academic IELTS (8)
application programming interface

a set of protocols and tools that allows different software applications to communicate with each other

Ex: Developers use the Twitter API to integrate Twitter functionality into their applications, such as displaying tweets or posting updates. 
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IP address
IP address
[существительное]

(computing) a set of numbers separated by dots that a computer with an active Internet connection is identified with

сетевой адрес

сетевой адрес

Ex: Websites use IP addresses to route data packets between servers and user devices. 
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URL
URL
[существительное]

the address of a resource on the Internet

веб-адрес

веб-адрес

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HTTP
HTTP
[существительное]

the system in HTML in which data is being sent and received on World Wide Web

HTTP, протокол передачи гипертекстовых документов

HTTP, протокол передачи гипертекстовых документов

Ex: They discussed how HTTP works in transferring data online. 
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bandwidth
bandwidth
[существительное]

the maximum rate of data transfer of an electronic communication system

полоса пропускания

полоса пропускания

Ex: In networking, bandwidth refers to the maximum data transfer rate of a network connection, measured in bits per second (bps). 
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local area network
local area network
[фраза]

a network for communication between computers, usually within a building

локальная сеть

локальная сеть

Ex: A local area network (LAN) is a network that connects computers and devices within a limited geographical area, such as a home, office, or school. 
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to ping
to ping
[глагол]

to send a signal to a computer and wait for a reply as a way to test the connection

Проверить доступности Интернета

Проверить доступности Интернета

Ex: You can ping a website to check if it is reachable and measure the round-trip time (RTT) for data packets to travel to and from the server. 
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Domain Name System
Domain Name System
[фраза]

a decentralized naming system used on the Internet to translate human-readable domain names into numerical IP addresses that computers can understand, enabling the proper routing of data between devices and servers

Ex: The Domain Name System (DNS) translates domain names into IP addresses, allowing users to access websites by typing in human-readable URLs. 
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proxy server
proxy server
[существительное]

a server that acts as an intermediary between a user's device and the internet, forwarding requests and responses to enhance security, privacy, or performance

прокси-сервер

прокси-сервер

Ex: Organizations often use a proxy server to control and monitor internet access for security purposes. 
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portal
portal
[существительное]

(computing) a website that serves as a point of entry to other websites, with a collection of links categorized based on topic through which the user can search

портал

портал

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HTML
HTML
[существительное]

(computing) a markup language used for the documents that are supposed to be displayed on the World Wide Web

язык HTML

язык HTML

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host
host
[существительное]

a computer or device on a network that provides services, resources, or data to other computers or devices, known as clients

хост, сервер

хост, сервер

Ex: The web server acts as a host, serving website content to users who access it. 
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back end
back end
[существительное]

a part of a computer responsible for storing and controlling data where users cannot easily access

серверная часть

серверная часть

Ex: The back end of a website comprises the server, database, and application logic that work together to process and store data submitted by users. 
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front end
front end
[существительное]

a part of a computer that is easily accessible and one uses constantly

внешний интерфейс

внешний интерфейс

Ex: The front end of a computer typically refers to the user interface, including the monitor, keyboard, mouse, and other input devices. 
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courseware
courseware
[существительное]

a type of educational software or online materials designed for teaching specific subjects or skills

учебное программное обеспечение, образовательные материалы

учебное программное обеспечение, образовательные материалы

Ex: Courseware refers to educational materials, software, or online platforms used for teaching and learning in academic institutions. 
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cracker
cracker
[существительное]

an individual who engages in unauthorized attempts to access computer systems, networks, or software, often with malicious intent

компьютерный пират, злонамеренный хакер

компьютерный пират, злонамеренный хакер

Ex: Security experts work tirelessly to defend computer systems against crackers attempting unauthorized access. 
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trojan horse
trojan horse
[существительное]

a harmful program that pretends to be legitimate and can give unauthorized access to a device

троянская программа

троянская программа

Ex: The trojan horse disguised itself as a harmless email attachment. 
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augmented reality
augmented reality
[существительное]

a technology that overlays computer-generated information, such as images or data, onto the real world, enhancing the user's perception and interaction with their environment

дополненная реальность, ДР

дополненная реальность, ДР

Ex: Augmented reality (AR) technology overlays digital information, such as images, videos, or 3D models, onto the real world through a device like a smartphone or AR glasses. 
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cyberbullying
cyberbullying
[существительное]

the use of electronic communication to harass, intimidate, or harm others, typically through social media, messaging apps, or online platforms

кибербуллинг, онлайн-травля

кибербуллинг, онлайн-травля

Ex: Cyberbullying involves using digital platforms such as social media, texts, or emails to harass, intimidate, or harm others. 
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