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Vocabulaire pour l'IELTS Academic (Score 8-9) - Internet

Ici, vous apprendrez quelques mots anglais liés à Internet qui sont nécessaires pour l'examen académique IELTS.

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Vocabulary for Academic IELTS (8)
application programming interface

a set of protocols and tools that allows different software applications to communicate with each other

Ex: The Google Maps API allows developers to embed maps and location-based services into their websites or mobile apps. 
IP address

(computing) a set of numbers separated by dots that a computer with an active Internet connection is identified with

adresse IP

adresse IP

Ex: VPNs mask users' IP addresses to protect their online privacy and anonymity. 

Les VPN masquent les adresses IP des utilisateurs pour protéger leur vie privée et leur anonymat en ligne.

URL
URL
[nom]

the address of a resource on the Internet

URL

URL

HTTP
HTTP
[nom]

the system in HTML in which data is being sent and received on World Wide Web

HTTP

HTTP

Ex: The browser uses HTTP to fetch the website's content. 

Le navigateur utilise HTTP pour récupérer le contenu du site web.

bandwidth

the maximum rate of data transfer of an electronic communication system

bande passante

bande passante

Ex: High bandwidth internet connections, such as fiber optic or cable, allow for faster download and upload speeds compared to dial-up or DSL connections. 

Les connexions Internet à haut débit, telles que la fibre optique ou le câble, permettent des vitesses de téléchargement et de téléversement plus rapides par rapport aux connexions commutées ou DSL.

local area network

a network for communication between computers, usually within a building

réseau local

réseau local

Ex: LANs are typically used to facilitate communication and resource sharing among devices, such as printers, file servers, and internet connections. 
to ping
to ping
[verbe]

to send a signal to a computer and wait for a reply as a way to test the connection

pinguer

pinguer

Ex: I will ping the server to see if it's responding to requests. 

Je vais ping le serveur pour voir s'il répond aux requêtes.

Domain Name System

a decentralized naming system used on the Internet to translate human-readable domain names into numerical IP addresses that computers can understand, enabling the proper routing of data between devices and servers

Ex: DNS servers play a critical role in internet infrastructure by resolving domain names to their corresponding IP addresses. 
proxy server

a server that acts as an intermediary between a user's device and the internet, forwarding requests and responses to enhance security, privacy, or performance

serveur proxy, serveur mandataire

serveur proxy, serveur mandataire

Ex: The proxy server caches frequently requested web content, improving overall network performance. 

Le serveur proxy met en cache le contenu web fréquemment demandé, améliorant ainsi les performances globales du réseau.

portal
portal
[nom]

(computing) a website that serves as a point of entry to other websites, with a collection of links categorized based on topic through which the user can search

portail

portail

HTML
HTML
[nom]

(computing) a markup language used for the documents that are supposed to be displayed on the World Wide Web

HTML

HTML

host
host
[nom]

a computer or device on a network that provides services, resources, or data to other computers or devices, known as clients

hôte, serveur

hôte, serveur

Ex: In a peer-to-peer network, each computer can function as both a host and a client. 

Dans un réseau pair à pair, chaque ordinateur peut fonctionner à la fois comme un hôte et un client.

back end

a part of a computer responsible for storing and controlling data where users cannot easily access

back-end

back-end

Ex: Developers focus on building robust back-end systems to ensure the reliability, security, and scalability of web applications. 

Les développeurs se concentrent sur la construction de systèmes back-end robustes pour garantir la fiabilité, la sécurité et l'évolutivité des applications Web.

front end

a part of a computer that is easily accessible and one uses constantly

front-end

front-end

Ex: In software development, the front end of a web application comprises the user-facing components, such as the layout, design, and interactive elements visible in a web browser. 

Dans le développement de logiciels, le front end d'une application Web comprend les composants orientés utilisateur, tels que la mise en page, la conception et les éléments interactifs visibles dans un navigateur Web.

courseware

a type of educational software or online materials designed for teaching specific subjects or skills

matériel pédagogique, logiciel éducatif

matériel pédagogique, logiciel éducatif

Ex: Many universities provide courseware to students, including lecture slides, textbooks, and interactive tutorials, to supplement classroom instruction. 

De nombreuses universités fournissent des logiciels éducatifs aux étudiants, y compris des diapositives de cours, des manuels et des tutoriels interactifs, pour compléter l'enseignement en classe.

cracker
cracker
[nom]

an individual who engages in unauthorized attempts to access computer systems, networks, or software, often with malicious intent

pirate informatique, hacker malveillant

pirate informatique, hacker malveillant

Ex: The company's cybersecurity team detected a cracker's attempt to breach their network and promptly took preventive measures. 

L'équipe de cybersécurité de l'entreprise a détecté la tentative d'un pirate informatique de pénétrer dans leur réseau et a rapidement pris des mesures préventives.

trojan horse

a harmful program that pretends to be legitimate and can give unauthorized access to a device

cheval de Troie, trojan

cheval de Troie, trojan

Ex: A trojan horse can steal personal information without being detected. 

Un cheval de Troie peut voler des informations personnelles sans être détecté.

augmented reality

a technology that overlays computer-generated information, such as images or data, onto the real world, enhancing the user's perception and interaction with their environment

réalité augmentée, RA

réalité augmentée, RA

Ex: Popular AR apps like Pokémon GO use augmented reality to superimpose virtual creatures onto real-world environments, allowing players to interact with them. 

Les applications AR populaires comme Pokémon GO utilisent la réalité augmentée pour superposer des créatures virtuelles sur des environnements réels, permettant aux joueurs d'interagir avec elles.

cyberbullying

the use of electronic communication to harass, intimidate, or harm others, typically through social media, messaging apps, or online platforms

cyberharcèlement, harcèlement en ligne

cyberharcèlement, harcèlement en ligne

Ex: Schools and parents are increasingly addressing cyberbullying as it can have severe emotional and psychological effects on victims. 
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