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Vocabular pentru IELTS Academic (Scor 8-9) - Internet

Aici, vei învăța câteva cuvinte englezești legate de Internet care sunt necesare pentru examenul academic IELTS.

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Vocabulary for Academic IELTS (8)
application programming interface

a set of protocols and tools that allows different software applications to communicate with each other

Ex: Developers use the Twitter API to integrate Twitter functionality into their applications, such as displaying tweets or posting updates. 
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IP address
IP address
[substantiv]

(computing) a set of numbers separated by dots that a computer with an active Internet connection is identified with

adresă IP, adresă de Protocol Internet

adresă IP, adresă de Protocol Internet

Ex: Websites use IP addresses to route data packets between servers and user devices. 
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URL
URL
[substantiv]

the address of a resource on the Internet

URL, adresă web

URL, adresă web

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HTTP
HTTP
[substantiv]

the system in HTML in which data is being sent and received on World Wide Web

HTTP, protocolul de transfer hipertext

HTTP, protocolul de transfer hipertext

Ex: They discussed how HTTP works in transferring data online. 
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bandwidth
bandwidth
[substantiv]

the maximum rate of data transfer of an electronic communication system

lățime de bandă, rata maximă de transfer de date

lățime de bandă, rata maximă de transfer de date

Ex: In networking, bandwidth refers to the maximum data transfer rate of a network connection, measured in bits per second (bps). 
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local area network

a network for communication between computers, usually within a building

Ex: A local area network (LAN) is a network that connects computers and devices within a limited geographical area, such as a home, office, or school. 
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to ping
to ping
[verb]

to send a signal to a computer and wait for a reply as a way to test the connection

trimite un ping, pinga

trimite un ping, pinga

Ex: You can ping a website to check if it is reachable and measure the round-trip time (RTT) for data packets to travel to and from the server. 
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Domain Name System

a decentralized naming system used on the Internet to translate human-readable domain names into numerical IP addresses that computers can understand, enabling the proper routing of data between devices and servers

Ex: The Domain Name System (DNS) translates domain names into IP addresses, allowing users to access websites by typing in human-readable URLs. 
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proxy server
proxy server
[substantiv]

a server that acts as an intermediary between a user's device and the internet, forwarding requests and responses to enhance security, privacy, or performance

server proxy, server intermediar

server proxy, server intermediar

Ex: Organizations often use a proxy server to control and monitor internet access for security purposes. 
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portal
portal
[substantiv]

(computing) a website that serves as a point of entry to other websites, with a collection of links categorized based on topic through which the user can search

portal, portal web

portal, portal web

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HTML
HTML
[substantiv]

(computing) a markup language used for the documents that are supposed to be displayed on the World Wide Web

HTML, Limbaj de marcare a hipertextului

HTML, Limbaj de marcare a hipertextului

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host
host
[substantiv]

a computer or device on a network that provides services, resources, or data to other computers or devices, known as clients

gazdă, server

gazdă, server

Ex: The web server acts as a host, serving website content to users who access it. 
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back end
back end
[substantiv]

a part of a computer responsible for storing and controlling data where users cannot easily access

back end, partea de server

back end, partea de server

Ex: The back end of a website comprises the server, database, and application logic that work together to process and store data submitted by users. 
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front end
front end
[substantiv]

a part of a computer that is easily accessible and one uses constantly

interfață utilizator, front-end

interfață utilizator, front-end

Ex: The front end of a computer typically refers to the user interface, including the monitor, keyboard, mouse, and other input devices. 
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courseware
courseware
[substantiv]

a type of educational software or online materials designed for teaching specific subjects or skills

material didactic, software educațional

material didactic, software educațional

Ex: Courseware refers to educational materials, software, or online platforms used for teaching and learning in academic institutions. 
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cracker
cracker
[substantiv]

an individual who engages in unauthorized attempts to access computer systems, networks, or software, often with malicious intent

pirat computer, hacker rău intenționat

pirat computer, hacker rău intenționat

Ex: Security experts work tirelessly to defend computer systems against crackers attempting unauthorized access. 
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trojan horse
trojan horse
[substantiv]

a harmful program that pretends to be legitimate and can give unauthorized access to a device

calul troian, troian

calul troian, troian

Ex: The trojan horse disguised itself as a harmless email attachment. 
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augmented reality
augmented reality
[substantiv]

a technology that overlays computer-generated information, such as images or data, onto the real world, enhancing the user's perception and interaction with their environment

realitate augmentată, RA

realitate augmentată, RA

Ex: Augmented reality (AR) technology overlays digital information, such as images, videos, or 3D models, onto the real world through a device like a smartphone or AR glasses. 
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cyberbullying
cyberbullying
[substantiv]

the use of electronic communication to harass, intimidate, or harm others, typically through social media, messaging apps, or online platforms

cyberbullying, hărțuire online

cyberbullying, hărțuire online

Ex: Cyberbullying involves using digital platforms such as social media, texts, or emails to harass, intimidate, or harm others. 
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