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Гуманитарные Науки SAT - История и Археология

Здесь вы узнаете некоторые английские слова, связанные с историей и археологией, такие как "excavate", "antiquity", "relic" и т. д., которые вам понадобятся для успешной сдачи SAT.

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SAT Vocabulary for Humanities
Renaissance
Renaissance
[существительное]

the period between the 14th and 16th centuries in Europe, marked by a rise of interest in Greek and Roman cultures, which is dominant in the art, philosophy, etc. of the times

эпоха Возрождения

эпоха Возрождения

Ex: The Renaissance period is known for its remarkable achievements in art, science, and literature. 
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antiquity
antiquity
[существительное]

the historical period before the Middle Ages, especially before the sixth century when Greeks and Romans were the most prosperous

древность

древность

Ex: Antiquity refers to the period in history before the Middle Ages, encompassing the civilizations of ancient Greece and Rome. 
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pre-industrial
pre-industrial
[прилагательное]

relating to the period of time before the widespread adoption of industrial processes and technologies

доиндустриальный, промышленный доиндустриальный период

доиндустриальный, промышленный доиндустриальный период

Ex: Life expectancy was generally shorter in pre-industrial societies due to limited access to healthcare and sanitation. 
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contemporary
contemporary
[прилагательное]

belonging to the current era

современный

современный

Ex: We studied the contemporary political landscape to understand today's issues. 
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mesopotamia
mesopotamia
[существительное]

an ancient region located in the eastern Mediterranean, primarily within modern-day Iraq, and parts of Iran, Syria, and Turkey

Месопотамия, Месопотамия

Месопотамия, Месопотамия

Ex: The ancient cultures of Mesopotamia, such as the Sumerians and Babylonians, made significant contributions to human history. 
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clay tablet
clay tablet
[существительное]

a small, flat piece of clay that has been molded and hardened, typically used as a medium for writing or inscribing information in ancient civilizations

глиняная табличка, табличка из глины

глиняная табличка, табличка из глины

Ex: In ancient Mesopotamia, clay tablets were used for recording administrative documents such as inventories, contracts, and receipts. 
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hieroglyph
hieroglyph
[существительное]

a system of writing used in ancient Egypt, consisting of pictorial symbols or characters that represent objects, ideas, or sounds, and were commonly used for inscriptions on temple walls, tombs, and other monumental structures

иероглиф, иероглифический символ

иероглиф, иероглифический символ

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to predate
to predate
[глагол]

to exist or occur at an earlier time than something else

предшествовать

предшествовать

Ex: Fossils of dinosaurs predate modern humans by millions of years. 
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monument
monument
[существительное]

a place or building that is historically important

памятник

памятник

Ex: The Eiffel Tower is a famous monument in Paris, attracting millions of tourists each year. 
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relic
relic
[существительное]

an object or part of an object surviving from the past, typically with historical or emotional value, often linked to a person, event, or era

реликвия

реликвия

Ex: The museum displayed a relic from the Bronze Age, drawing historians from all over the country. 
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catacomb
catacomb
[существительное]

an underground burial place with tunnels and chambers for tombs or graves

катакомба

катакомба

Ex: The catacombs beneath the city were used for centuries as burial sites. 
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to mummify
to mummify
[глагол]

to preserve a dead body by treating it with chemicals or natural substances to prevent decay

мумифицировать, бальзамировать

мумифицировать, бальзамировать

Ex: The ancient Egyptians mummified their pharaohs to prepare them for the afterlife. 
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alchemy
alchemy
[существительное]

the ancient practice of trying to turn common metals into gold

алхимия

алхимия

Ex: While no one succeeded in using alchemy to create gold, it led to modern chemistry's birth. 
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scribe
scribe
[существительное]

a person who writes copies of documents by hand

писарь

писарь

Ex: Before the invention of the printing press, scribes played a crucial role in the dissemination of knowledge by copying books by hand. 
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ancestral
ancestral
[прилагательное]

related to or inherited from one's ancestors

родовой, наследственный

родовой, наследственный

Ex: She felt a deep connection to her ancestral homeland. 
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ancient
ancient
[прилагательное]

related or belonging to a period of history that is long gone

древний

древний

Ex: She studied ancient civilizations like the Egyptians and Greeks in her history class. 
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genealogy
genealogy
[существительное]

the study of family lineages and the history of descent

генеалогия

генеалогия

Ex: Thanks to advancements in technology and online databases, conducting genealogy research has become more accessible to individuals interested in their family history. 
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epoch
epoch
[существительное]

a period of time in history or someone's life, during which significant events happen

эпоха

эпоха

Ex: The Renaissance was an epoch of great cultural and artistic achievements in Europe. 
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provenance
provenance
[существительное]

the origin or source of a particular thing

происхождение, источник

происхождение, источник

Ex: The provenance of the painting was traced back to the 18th century. 
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medievalist
medievalist
[существительное]

a scholar or researcher who specializes in the study of the Middle Ages

медиевист, специалист по Средним векам

медиевист, специалист по Средним векам

Ex: The renowned medievalist published a groundbreaking study on medieval manuscript illumination. 
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archeologist
archeologist
[существительное]

a person whose job is to study ancient societies using facts, objects, buildings, etc. remaining in excavation sites

археолог

археолог

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preservationist
preservationist
[существительное]

a person who advocates or works to protect and maintain natural, historical, or cultural resources from decay, destruction, or neglect

защитник природы, консерватор

защитник природы, консерватор

Ex: The preservationist campaigned to save the historic building from demolition. 
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paleontologist
paleontologist
[существительное]

a scientist who studies fossils and ancient life forms to understand the history of life on earth

палеонтолог

палеонтолог

Ex: The paleontologist discovered a new dinosaur species in the fossil-rich region. 
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paleobiologist
paleobiologist
[существительное]

a scientist who studies ancient life forms, their evolution, behaviors, habitats, and interactions with the environment through the analysis of fossils and other remnants of past life

палеобиолог, ученый

палеобиолог, ученый

Ex: The paleobiologist excavated fossils from the ancient riverbed to study the evolution of early amphibians. 
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cryptographer
cryptographer
[существительное]

a specialist who studies and develops systems for secure communication and information protection

криптограф, специалист по криптографии

криптограф, специалист по криптографии

Ex: The cryptographer devised a new encryption algorithm to enhance data security. 
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artifact
artifact
[существительное]

a man-made object, tool, weapon, etc. that was created in the past and holds historical or cultural significance

артефакт

артефакт

Ex: Artifacts of early tool-making like stone knives and projectile points show the ingenuity and resourcefulness of Paleolithic humans. 
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to excavate
to excavate
[глагол]

to uncover or expose by digging, especially to reveal buried artifacts, structures, or remains

выкапывать

выкапывать

Ex: Paleontologists excavated a dinosaur fossil, carefully removing layers of sediment to reveal the skeleton. 
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radiocarbon dating
radiocarbon dating
[существительное]

a method used by scientists to determine the age of organic materials by measuring the amount of carbon-14 they contain

радиоуглеродное датирование, датирование по углероду-14

радиоуглеродное датирование, датирование по углероду-14

Ex: Scientists use radiocarbon dating to estimate the age of ancient artifacts and fossils. 
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paleolithic
paleolithic
[существительное]

a prehistoric period characterized by the development of the first stone tools, spanning from about 2.5 million years ago to around 10,000 years ago

палеолит, древний каменный век

палеолит, древний каменный век

Ex: The Paleolithic era is known for the emergence of early human societies and their use of simple stone tools. 
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prehistoric
prehistoric
[прилагательное]

relating or belonging to the time before history was recorded

доисторический

доисторический

Ex: Archaeologists discovered prehistoric artifacts in the cave. 
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