the period between the 14th and 16th centuries in Europe, marked by a rise of interest in Greek and Roman cultures, which is dominant in the art, philosophy, etc. of the times

ルネサンス, 文芸復興
the historical period before the Middle Ages, especially before the sixth century when Greeks and Romans were the most prosperous

古代 (こだい), 古代史 (こだいし)
relating to the period of time before the widespread adoption of industrial processes and technologies

産業革命前の, 工業化前の
an ancient region located in the eastern Mediterranean, primarily within modern-day Iraq, and parts of Iran, Syria, and Turkey

メソポタミア, 古代メソポタミア
a small, flat piece of clay that has been molded and hardened, typically used as a medium for writing or inscribing information in ancient civilizations

粘土板 (ねんどばん), 土板 (どばん)
to exist or occur at an earlier time than something else

先行する (せんこうする), 前に存在する (まえにそんざいする)
an object or part of an object surviving from the past, typically with historical or emotional value, often linked to a person, event, or era

遺物(いぶつ), relic(レリック)
to preserve a dead body by treating it with chemicals or natural substances to prevent decay

ミイラにする, ミイラ化する
the ancient practice of trying to turn common metals into gold

錬金術(れんきんじゅつ), アルケミー
related to or inherited from one's ancestors

祖先の, 先祖伝来の
related or belonging to a period of history that is long gone

古代の, 古い
a period of time in history or someone's life, during which significant events happen

時代, エポック
a scholar or researcher who specializes in the study of the Middle Ages

中世研究者 (ちゅうせいけんきゅうしゃ), 中世学者 (ちゅうせいがくしゃ)
a person who advocates or works to protect and maintain natural, historical, or cultural resources from decay, destruction, or neglect

保存運動家, 保存者
a scientist who studies fossils and ancient life forms to understand the history of life on earth

古生物学者, 化石学者
a scientist who studies ancient life forms, their evolution, behaviors, habitats, and interactions with the environment through the analysis of fossils and other remnants of past life

古生物学者, 古生物学の専門家
a specialist who studies and develops systems for secure communication and information protection

暗号技術者, 暗号解読者
a man-made object, tool, weapon, etc. that was created in the past and holds historical or cultural significance

遺物(いぶつ), 工芸品(こうげいひん)
to uncover or expose by digging, especially to reveal buried artifacts, structures, or remains

発掘する(はっくつする), 掘り起こす(ほりおこす)
a method used by scientists to determine the age of organic materials by measuring the amount of carbon-14 they contain

放射性炭素年代測定, ラジオカーボンデーティング
a prehistoric period characterized by the development of the first stone tools, spanning from about 2.5 million years ago to around 10,000 years ago

旧石器時代, パレオリスティック時代
