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人文学科SAT - 历史与考古学

在这里,你将学习一些与历史和考古学相关的英语单词,如“excavate”、“antiquity”、“relic”等,这些单词是你通过SAT考试所需要的。

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SAT Vocabulary for Humanities
Renaissance
[名词]

the period between the 14th and 16th centuries in Europe, marked by a rise of interest in Greek and Roman cultures, which is dominant in the art, philosophy, etc. of the times

文艺复兴

文艺复兴

Ex: Florence is often considered the birthplace of the Renaissance due to its flourishing cultural and artistic environment .佛罗伦萨因其繁荣的文化和艺术环境常被认为是**文艺复兴**的发源地。
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antiquity
[名词]

the historical period before the Middle Ages, especially before the sixth century when Greeks and Romans were the most prosperous

古代,  antiquity时期

古代, antiquity时期

Ex: The decline of the Roman Empire marked the end of antiquity and the beginning of the Middle Ages , as Europe entered a period of political fragmentation and cultural change .罗马帝国的衰落标志着**古代**的结束和中世纪的开始,欧洲进入了政治分裂和文化变革的时期。
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pre-industrial
[形容词]

relating to the period of time before the widespread adoption of industrial processes and technologies

前工业的, 工业化前的

前工业的, 工业化前的

Ex: Pre-industrial transportation relied heavily on animal power , carts , and boats for long-distance travel and trade .**前工业时代**的交通在很大程度上依赖动物力量、手推车和船只进行长途旅行和贸易。
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contemporary
[形容词]

belonging to the current era

当代的, 现代的

当代的, 现代的

Ex: Her novel explores contemporary issues that parallel ongoing social changes .她的小说探讨了与正在进行的社会变革并行的**当代**问题。
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mesopotamia
[名词]

an ancient region located in the eastern Mediterranean, primarily within modern-day Iraq, and parts of Iran, Syria, and Turkey

美索不达米亚, 美索不达米亚地区

美索不达米亚, 美索不达米亚地区

Ex: The epic of Gilgamesh, one of the oldest known literary works, originated in ancient Mesopotamia.《吉尔伽美什史诗》是最古老的已知文学作品之一,起源于古代**美索不达米亚**。
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clay tablet
[名词]

a small, flat piece of clay that has been molded and hardened, typically used as a medium for writing or inscribing information in ancient civilizations

泥板, 粘土板

泥板, 粘土板

Ex: The clay tablet found in the ruins of the temple contained instructions for rituals and offerings to be performed by the priests .在寺庙废墟中发现的**泥板**包含了祭司应执行的仪式和祭品的指示。
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hieroglyph
[名词]

a system of writing used in ancient Egypt, consisting of pictorial symbols or characters that represent objects, ideas, or sounds, and were commonly used for inscriptions on temple walls, tombs, and other monumental structures

象形文字, 圣书体

象形文字, 圣书体

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to predate
[动词]

to exist or occur at an earlier time than something else

早于, 存在于之前

早于, 存在于之前

Ex: Early forms of currency predate modern monetary systems.早期的货币形式**早于**现代货币体系。
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monument
[名词]

a place or building that is historically important

纪念碑

纪念碑

Ex: The Taj Mahal is a stunning monument built in memory of Emperor Shah Jahan ’s beloved wife , Mumtaz Mahal .泰姬陵是一座令人惊叹的**纪念碑**,为纪念沙贾汗皇帝心爱的妻子慕塔芝玛哈而建。
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relic
[名词]

an object or part of an object surviving from the past, typically with historical or emotional value, often linked to a person, event, or era

遗物, 遗迹

遗物, 遗迹

Ex: The worn-out baseball glove , a relic from my youth , brings back memories of summer games with my friends .破旧的棒球手套,我年轻时的一件**遗物**,带回了与朋友们夏季比赛的回忆。
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catacomb
[名词]

an underground burial place with tunnels and chambers for tombs or graves

地下墓穴

地下墓穴

Ex: The catacombs provided a peaceful resting place for the deceased away from the surface .**地下墓穴**为逝者提供了一个远离地面的宁静安息之地。
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to mummify
[动词]

to preserve a dead body by treating it with chemicals or natural substances to prevent decay

制成木乃伊, 防腐处理

制成木乃伊, 防腐处理

Ex: Mummifying a body required careful preparation and specialized knowledge of anatomy .**木乃伊化**一具尸体需要精心的准备和专业的解剖学知识。
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alchemy
[名词]

the ancient practice of trying to turn common metals into gold

炼金术

炼金术

Ex: In his quest for wealth , the medieval scientist dedicated years to the art of alchemy, hoping to produce gold .在追求财富的过程中,这位中世纪的科学家致力于**炼金术**多年,希望能制造出黄金。
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scribe
[名词]

a person who writes copies of documents by hand

抄写员, 文书

抄写员, 文书

Ex: The scribe carefully transcribed the old , fading manuscripts to preserve their contents for future generations .**抄写员**仔细地转录了那些正在褪色的古老手稿,以保存它们的内容供后代使用。
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ancestral
[形容词]

related to or inherited from one's ancestors

祖先的, 遗传的

祖先的, 遗传的

Ex: The tribal elders shared stories of their ancestral heroes and legends .部落的长老们分享了他们**祖先的**英雄和传说故事。
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ancient
[形容词]

related or belonging to a period of history that is long gone

古代的, 古老的

古代的, 古老的

Ex: The museum housed artifacts from ancient Egypt, including pottery and jewelry.博物馆收藏了来自**古埃及**的文物,包括陶器和珠宝。
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genealogy
[名词]

the study of family lineages and the history of descent

家谱学

家谱学

Ex: Genealogy websites and DNA tests have become popular tools for individuals interested in exploring their family history .**家谱**网站和DNA测试已成为对探索家族历史感兴趣的人们的流行工具。
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epoch
[名词]

a period of time in history or someone's life, during which significant events happen

时代, 纪元

时代, 纪元

Ex: The Civil Rights Movement was an epoch of profound social change and progress in the United States .民权运动是美国深刻社会变革和进步的**时代**。
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provenance
[名词]

the origin or source of a particular thing

来源, 起源

来源, 起源

Ex: Historians study the provenance of manuscripts to understand their historical significance .历史学家研究手稿的**来源**以了解其历史意义。
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medievalist
[名词]

a scholar or researcher who specializes in the study of the Middle Ages

中世纪学者, 中世纪研究员

中世纪学者, 中世纪研究员

Ex: The medievalist's expertise in medieval law provided valuable insights into legal practices during the Middle Ages .**中世纪学者**在中世纪法律方面的专业知识为中世纪的法律实践提供了宝贵的见解。
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archeologist
[名词]

a person whose job is to study ancient societies using facts, objects, buildings, etc. remaining in excavation sites

考古学家

考古学家

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a person who advocates or works to protect and maintain natural, historical, or cultural resources from decay, destruction, or neglect

保护主义者, 保育人士

保护主义者, 保育人士

Ex: He dedicated his career as a preservationist to safeguarding the region 's natural landscapes .他作为一名**保护主义者**,致力于保护该地区的自然景观。
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a scientist who studies fossils and ancient life forms to understand the history of life on earth

古生物学家

古生物学家

Ex: The museum exhibit featured findings from the fieldwork of renowned paleontologists.博物馆展览展出了著名**古生物学家**野外工作的发现。
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a scientist who studies ancient life forms, their evolution, behaviors, habitats, and interactions with the environment through the analysis of fossils and other remnants of past life

古生物学家, 研究古代生命形式的科学家

古生物学家, 研究古代生命形式的科学家

Ex: The paleobiologist analyzed microfossils to understand climate changes during the Pleistocene era .**古生物学家**分析了微化石以了解更新世时期的气候变化。
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a specialist who studies and develops systems for secure communication and information protection

密码学家, 加密专家

密码学家, 加密专家

Ex: The government hired cryptographers to decode intercepted messages during wartime .政府在战时雇佣了**密码学家**来解码拦截的消息。
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artifact
[名词]

a man-made object, tool, weapon, etc. that was created in the past and holds historical or cultural significance

人工制品, 人造物品

人工制品, 人造物品

Ex: This artifact, a beautifully carved statue , was a significant find that helped date the historical site .这件**文物**,一尊雕刻精美的雕像,是一个重要的发现,有助于确定历史遗址的年代。
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to excavate
[动词]

to uncover or expose by digging, especially to reveal buried artifacts, structures, or remains

挖掘, 发掘

挖掘, 发掘

Ex: The archaeologists excavated the ruins of an old castle , revealing hidden chambers and artifacts .考古学家**挖掘**了一座古老城堡的废墟,揭示了隐藏的房间和文物。
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a method used by scientists to determine the age of organic materials by measuring the amount of carbon-14 they contain

放射性碳定年法, 碳-14定年法

放射性碳定年法, 碳-14定年法

Ex: Advances in radiocarbon dating have revolutionized the study of prehistoric cultures and environmental history .**放射性碳定年法**的进步彻底改变了史前文化和环境历史的研究。
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paleolithic
[名词]

a prehistoric period characterized by the development of the first stone tools, spanning from about 2.5 million years ago to around 10,000 years ago

旧石器时代, 古老的石器时代

旧石器时代, 古老的石器时代

Ex: Artifacts from the Paleolithic era, such as flint knives and axes, are displayed in the museum's prehistoric exhibit.博物馆的史前展览中展出了**旧石器时代**的文物,如燧石刀和斧头。
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prehistoric
[形容词]

relating or belonging to the time before history was recorded

史前的, 史前时代的

史前的, 史前时代的

Ex: Researchers use carbon dating to determine the age of prehistoric artifacts .研究人员使用碳定年法来确定**史前**文物的年龄。
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