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人文学科SAT - 历史与考古学

在这里,你将学习一些与历史和考古学相关的英语单词,如“excavate”、“antiquity”、“relic”等,这些单词是你通过SAT考试所需要的。

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SAT Vocabulary for Humanities
Renaissance
Renaissance
[名词]

the period between the 14th and 16th centuries in Europe, marked by a rise of interest in Greek and Roman cultures, which is dominant in the art, philosophy, etc. of the times

文艺复兴

文艺复兴

Ex: The Renaissance period is known for its remarkable achievements in art, science, and literature. 
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antiquity
antiquity
[名词]

the historical period before the Middle Ages, especially before the sixth century when Greeks and Romans were the most prosperous

古代,  antiquity时期

古代, antiquity时期

Ex: Antiquity refers to the period in history before the Middle Ages, encompassing the civilizations of ancient Greece and Rome. 
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pre-industrial
pre-industrial
[形容词]

relating to the period of time before the widespread adoption of industrial processes and technologies

前工业的, 工业化前的

前工业的, 工业化前的

Ex: Life expectancy was generally shorter in pre-industrial societies due to limited access to healthcare and sanitation. 
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contemporary
contemporary
[形容词]

belonging to the current era

当代的, 现代的

当代的, 现代的

Ex: We studied the contemporary political landscape to understand today's issues. 
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mesopotamia
mesopotamia
[名词]

an ancient region located in the eastern Mediterranean, primarily within modern-day Iraq, and parts of Iran, Syria, and Turkey

美索不达米亚, 美索不达米亚地区

美索不达米亚, 美索不达米亚地区

Ex: The ancient cultures of Mesopotamia, such as the Sumerians and Babylonians, made significant contributions to human history. 
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clay tablet
clay tablet
[名词]

a small, flat piece of clay that has been molded and hardened, typically used as a medium for writing or inscribing information in ancient civilizations

泥板, 粘土板

泥板, 粘土板

Ex: In ancient Mesopotamia, clay tablets were used for recording administrative documents such as inventories, contracts, and receipts. 
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hieroglyph
hieroglyph
[名词]

a system of writing used in ancient Egypt, consisting of pictorial symbols or characters that represent objects, ideas, or sounds, and were commonly used for inscriptions on temple walls, tombs, and other monumental structures

象形文字, 圣书体

象形文字, 圣书体

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to predate
to predate
[动词]

to exist or occur at an earlier time than something else

早于, 存在于之前

早于, 存在于之前

Ex: Fossils of dinosaurs predate modern humans by millions of years. 
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monument
monument
[名词]

a place or building that is historically important

纪念碑

纪念碑

Ex: The Eiffel Tower is a famous monument in Paris, attracting millions of tourists each year. 
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relic
relic
[名词]

an object or part of an object surviving from the past, typically with historical or emotional value, often linked to a person, event, or era

遗物, 遗迹

遗物, 遗迹

Ex: The museum displayed a relic from the Bronze Age, drawing historians from all over the country. 
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catacomb
catacomb
[名词]

an underground burial place with tunnels and chambers for tombs or graves

地下墓穴

地下墓穴

Ex: The catacombs beneath the city were used for centuries as burial sites. 
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to mummify
to mummify
[动词]

to preserve a dead body by treating it with chemicals or natural substances to prevent decay

制成木乃伊, 防腐处理

制成木乃伊, 防腐处理

Ex: The ancient Egyptians mummified their pharaohs to prepare them for the afterlife. 
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alchemy
alchemy
[名词]

the ancient practice of trying to turn common metals into gold

炼金术

炼金术

Ex: While no one succeeded in using alchemy to create gold, it led to modern chemistry's birth. 
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scribe
scribe
[名词]

a person who writes copies of documents by hand

抄写员, 文书

抄写员, 文书

Ex: Before the invention of the printing press, scribes played a crucial role in the dissemination of knowledge by copying books by hand. 
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ancestral
ancestral
[形容词]

related to or inherited from one's ancestors

祖先的, 遗传的

祖先的, 遗传的

Ex: She felt a deep connection to her ancestral homeland. 
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ancient
ancient
[形容词]

related or belonging to a period of history that is long gone

古代的, 古老的

古代的, 古老的

Ex: She studied ancient civilizations like the Egyptians and Greeks in her history class. 
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genealogy
genealogy
[名词]

the study of family lineages and the history of descent

家谱学

家谱学

Ex: Thanks to advancements in technology and online databases, conducting genealogy research has become more accessible to individuals interested in their family history. 
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epoch
epoch
[名词]

a period of time in history or someone's life, during which significant events happen

时代, 纪元

时代, 纪元

Ex: The Renaissance was an epoch of great cultural and artistic achievements in Europe. 
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provenance
provenance
[名词]

the origin or source of a particular thing

来源, 起源

来源, 起源

Ex: The provenance of the painting was traced back to the 18th century. 
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medievalist
medievalist
[名词]

a scholar or researcher who specializes in the study of the Middle Ages

中世纪学者, 中世纪研究员

中世纪学者, 中世纪研究员

Ex: The renowned medievalist published a groundbreaking study on medieval manuscript illumination. 
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archeologist
archeologist
[名词]

a person whose job is to study ancient societies using facts, objects, buildings, etc. remaining in excavation sites

考古学家

考古学家

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preservationist

a person who advocates or works to protect and maintain natural, historical, or cultural resources from decay, destruction, or neglect

保护主义者, 保育人士

保护主义者, 保育人士

Ex: The preservationist campaigned to save the historic building from demolition. 
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paleontologist

a scientist who studies fossils and ancient life forms to understand the history of life on earth

古生物学家

古生物学家

Ex: The paleontologist discovered a new dinosaur species in the fossil-rich region. 
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paleobiologist

a scientist who studies ancient life forms, their evolution, behaviors, habitats, and interactions with the environment through the analysis of fossils and other remnants of past life

古生物学家, 研究古代生命形式的科学家

古生物学家, 研究古代生命形式的科学家

Ex: The paleobiologist excavated fossils from the ancient riverbed to study the evolution of early amphibians. 
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cryptographer

a specialist who studies and develops systems for secure communication and information protection

密码学家, 加密专家

密码学家, 加密专家

Ex: The cryptographer devised a new encryption algorithm to enhance data security. 
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artifact
artifact
[名词]

a man-made object, tool, weapon, etc. that was created in the past and holds historical or cultural significance

人工制品, 人造物品

人工制品, 人造物品

Ex: Artifacts of early tool-making like stone knives and projectile points show the ingenuity and resourcefulness of Paleolithic humans. 
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to excavate
to excavate
[动词]

to uncover or expose by digging, especially to reveal buried artifacts, structures, or remains

挖掘, 发掘

挖掘, 发掘

Ex: Paleontologists excavated a dinosaur fossil, carefully removing layers of sediment to reveal the skeleton. 
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radiocarbon dating

a method used by scientists to determine the age of organic materials by measuring the amount of carbon-14 they contain

放射性碳定年法, 碳-14定年法

放射性碳定年法, 碳-14定年法

Ex: Scientists use radiocarbon dating to estimate the age of ancient artifacts and fossils. 
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paleolithic
paleolithic
[名词]

a prehistoric period characterized by the development of the first stone tools, spanning from about 2.5 million years ago to around 10,000 years ago

旧石器时代, 古老的石器时代

旧石器时代, 古老的石器时代

Ex: The Paleolithic era is known for the emergence of early human societies and their use of simple stone tools. 
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prehistoric
prehistoric
[形容词]

relating or belonging to the time before history was recorded

史前的, 史前时代的

史前的, 史前时代的

Ex: Archaeologists discovered prehistoric artifacts in the cave. 
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