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سات العلوم الإنسانية - التاريخ والآثار

ستتعلم هنا بعض الكلمات الإنجليزية المتعلقة بالتاريخ وعلم الآثار، مثل "excavate"، و"antiquity"، و"relic"، وما إلى ذلك، والتي ستحتاج إليها لتحقيق النجاح في اختبار SAT الخاص بك.

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اختبار قصير

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SAT Vocabulary for Humanities
Renaissance
[اسم]

the period between the 14th and 16th centuries in Europe, marked by a rise of interest in Greek and Roman cultures, which is dominant in the art, philosophy, etc. of the times

العصر النهضة, النهضة

العصر النهضة, النهضة

Ex: Florence is often considered the birthplace of Renaissance due to its flourishing cultural and artistic environment .
antiquity
[اسم]

the historical period before the Middle Ages, especially before the sixth century when Greeks and Romans were the most prosperous

العصور القديمة, القدم

العصور القديمة, القدم

Ex: The decline of the Roman Empire marked the end antiquity and the beginning of the Middle Ages , as Europe entered a period of political fragmentation and cultural change .

relating to the period of time before the widespread adoption of industrial processes and technologies

ما قبل الصناعية, قبل الثورة الصناعية

ما قبل الصناعية, قبل الثورة الصناعية

Ex: Pre-industrial transportation relied heavily on animal power , carts , and boats for long-distance travel and trade .
contemporary
[صفة]

belonging to the current era

معاصر, حديث

معاصر, حديث

Ex: Her novel contemporary issues that parallel ongoing social changes .
mesopotamia
[اسم]

an ancient region located in the eastern Mediterranean, primarily within modern-day Iraq, and parts of Iran, Syria, and Turkey

مِسْبُطَامِيَة, مَسْوَطَة

مِسْبُطَامِيَة, مَسْوَطَة

Ex: The epic of Gilgamesh, one of the oldest known literary works, originated in ancient Mesopotamia.
clay tablet
[اسم]

a small, flat piece of clay that has been molded and hardened, typically used as a medium for writing or inscribing information in ancient civilizations

لوح طيني, تابلت طينية

لوح طيني, تابلت طينية

Ex: clay tablet found in the ruins of the temple contained instructions for rituals and offerings to be performed by the priests .
hieroglyph
[اسم]

a system of writing used in ancient Egypt, consisting of pictorial symbols or characters that represent objects, ideas, or sounds, and were commonly used for inscriptions on temple walls, tombs, and other monumental structures

هيروغليفية, كتابة هيروغليفية

هيروغليفية, كتابة هيروغليفية

to predate
[فعل]

to exist or occur at an earlier time than something else

سَبَقَ, تَقدَّمَ في الزمن

سَبَقَ, تَقدَّمَ في الزمن

Ex: Early forms of currency predate modern monetary systems.
monument
[اسم]

a place or building that is historically important

نُصُب تَذكاري, مَعْلَم تاريخي

نُصُب تَذكاري, مَعْلَم تاريخي

Ex: The Taj Mahal is a monument built in memory of Emperor Shah Jahan ’s beloved wife , Mumtaz Mahal .
relic
[اسم]

an object or part of an object surviving from the past, typically with historical or emotional value, often linked to a person, event, or era

أثر, تحفة

أثر, تحفة

Ex: The worn-out baseball glove , relic from my youth , brings back memories of summer games with my friends .
catacomb
[اسم]

an underground burial place with tunnels and chambers for tombs or graves

كبريت (مكان دفن تحت الأرض), مقبرة تحت الأرض

كبريت (مكان دفن تحت الأرض), مقبرة تحت الأرض

Ex: catacombs provided a peaceful resting place for the deceased away from the surface .
to mummify
[فعل]

to preserve a dead body by treating it with chemicals or natural substances to prevent decay

تحنيط, مَكَّنَ من التحنيط

تحنيط, مَكَّنَ من التحنيط

Ex: Mummifying a body required careful preparation and specialized knowledge of anatomy .
alchemy
[اسم]

the ancient practice of trying to turn common metals into gold

الخيمياء, التحويل الكيميائي

الخيمياء, التحويل الكيميائي

Ex: In his quest for wealth , the medieval scientist dedicated years to the art alchemy, hoping to produce gold .
scribe
[اسم]

a person who writes copies of documents by hand

كاتب, نسَّاخ

كاتب, نسَّاخ

Ex: scribe carefully transcribed the old , fading manuscripts to preserve their contents for future generations .
ancestral
[صفة]

related to or inherited from one's ancestors

أُسُودِيّ, أَسَلاَفِيّ

أُسُودِيّ, أَسَلاَفِيّ

Ex: The tribal elders shared stories of ancestral heroes and legends .
ancient
[صفة]

related or belonging to a period of history that is long gone

قديم, عريق

قديم, عريق

Ex: The museum housed artifacts from ancient Egypt, including pottery and jewelry.
genealogy
[اسم]

the study of family lineages and the history of descent

أنساب, علم الأنساب

أنساب, علم الأنساب

Ex: Genealogy websites and DNA tests have become popular tools for individuals interested in exploring their family history .
epoch
[اسم]

a period of time in history or someone's life, during which significant events happen

عصر, حقبة

عصر, حقبة

Ex: The Civil Rights Movement was epoch of profound social change and progress in the United States .
provenance
[اسم]

the origin or source of a particular thing

أصل, مصدر

أصل, مصدر

Ex: Historians study provenance of manuscripts to understand their historical significance .
medievalist
[اسم]

a scholar or researcher who specializes in the study of the Middle Ages

متوسطى, باحث في العصور الوسطى

متوسطى, باحث في العصور الوسطى

Ex: medievalist's expertise in medieval law provided valuable insights into legal practices during the Middle Ages .
archeologist
[اسم]

a person whose job is to study ancient societies using facts, objects, buildings, etc. remaining in excavation sites

عالم آثار, أركيولوجي

عالم آثار, أركيولوجي

a person who advocates or works to protect and maintain natural, historical, or cultural resources from decay, destruction, or neglect

مدافع عن الحفاظ على الموارد, حافظ على البيئة

مدافع عن الحفاظ على الموارد, حافظ على البيئة

Ex: He dedicated his career as preservationist to safeguarding the region 's natural landscapes .

a scientist who studies fossils and ancient life forms to understand the history of life on earth

عالم الحفريات, عالم العصور القديمة

عالم الحفريات, عالم العصور القديمة

Ex: The museum exhibit featured findings from the fieldwork of paleontologists.

a scientist who studies ancient life forms, their evolution, behaviors, habitats, and interactions with the environment through the analysis of fossils and other remnants of past life

عالم حيوانات ما قبل التاريخ, عالم العصور القديمة

عالم حيوانات ما قبل التاريخ, عالم العصور القديمة

Ex: paleobiologist analyzed microfossils to understand climate changes during the Pleistocene era .

a specialist who studies and develops systems for secure communication and information protection

مُعَامِل التَشفير, مُشَفِّر

مُعَامِل التَشفير, مُشَفِّر

Ex: The government cryptographers to decode intercepted messages during wartime .
artifact
[اسم]

a man-made object, tool, weapon, etc. that was created in the past and holds historical or cultural significance

أداة أثرية, تحفة أثرية

أداة أثرية, تحفة أثرية

Ex: artifact, a beautifully carved statue , was a significant find that helped date the historical site .
to excavate
[فعل]

to uncover or expose by digging, especially to reveal buried artifacts, structures, or remains

حَفَرَ, اكتشف

حَفَرَ, اكتشف

Ex: The excavated the ruins of an old castle , revealing hidden chambers and artifacts .

a method used by scientists to determine the age of organic materials by measuring the amount of carbon-14 they contain

تأريخ بالكربون المشع, تحديد عمر المواد العضوية باستخدام الكربون-14

تأريخ بالكربون المشع, تحديد عمر المواد العضوية باستخدام الكربون-14

Ex: Advances radiocarbon dating have revolutionized the study of prehistoric cultures and environmental history .
paleolithic
[اسم]

a prehistoric period characterized by the development of the first stone tools, spanning from about 2.5 million years ago to around 10,000 years ago

العصر الحجري القديم, الحقبة الحجرية القديمة

العصر الحجري القديم, الحقبة الحجرية القديمة

Ex: Artifacts from the Paleolithic era, such as flint knives and axes, are displayed in the museum's prehistoric exhibit.
prehistoric
[صفة]

relating or belonging to the time before history was recorded

مَا قَبْلَ التَّارِيخ, عَصْرُ ما قَبْلَ التَّارِيخ

مَا قَبْلَ التَّارِيخ, عَصْرُ ما قَبْلَ التَّارِيخ

Ex: Researchers use carbon dating to determine the age prehistoric artifacts .
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