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Humanitní Vědy SAT - Historie a archeologie

Zde se naučíte některá anglická slova související s historií a archeologií, jako je „excavate“, „antiquity“, „relic“ atd., která budete potřebovat, abyste zvládli své SAT.

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SAT Vocabulary for Humanities
Renaissance
[Podstatné jméno]

the period between the 14th and 16th centuries in Europe, marked by a rise of interest in Greek and Roman cultures, which is dominant in the art, philosophy, etc. of the times

renesance, obrození

renesance, obrození

Ex: Florence is often considered the birthplace of Renaissance due to its flourishing cultural and artistic environment .
antiquity
[Podstatné jméno]

the historical period before the Middle Ages, especially before the sixth century when Greeks and Romans were the most prosperous

antika, starověk

antika, starověk

Ex: The decline of the Roman Empire marked the end antiquity and the beginning of the Middle Ages , as Europe entered a period of political fragmentation and cultural change .
pre-industrial
[Přídavné jméno]

relating to the period of time before the widespread adoption of industrial processes and technologies

předprůmyslový, předindustrální

předprůmyslový, předindustrální

Ex: Pre-industrial transportation relied heavily on animal power , carts , and boats for long-distance travel and trade .
contemporary
[Přídavné jméno]

belonging to the current era

současný, moderní

současný, moderní

Ex: Her novel contemporary issues that parallel ongoing social changes .
mesopotamia
[Podstatné jméno]

an ancient region located in the eastern Mediterranean, primarily within modern-day Iraq, and parts of Iran, Syria, and Turkey

Mezopotámie, Mezopotamie

Mezopotámie, Mezopotamie

Ex: The epic of Gilgamesh, one of the oldest known literary works, originated in ancient Mesopotamia.
clay tablet
[Podstatné jméno]

a small, flat piece of clay that has been molded and hardened, typically used as a medium for writing or inscribing information in ancient civilizations

hliněná tabulka, hlinitá destička

hliněná tabulka, hlinitá destička

Ex: clay tablet found in the ruins of the temple contained instructions for rituals and offerings to be performed by the priests .
hieroglyph
[Podstatné jméno]

a system of writing used in ancient Egypt, consisting of pictorial symbols or characters that represent objects, ideas, or sounds, and were commonly used for inscriptions on temple walls, tombs, and other monumental structures

hieroglyf, hieroglyfy

hieroglyf, hieroglyfy

to predate
[sloveso]

to exist or occur at an earlier time than something else

předcházet, předejít

předcházet, předejít

Ex: Early forms of currency predate modern monetary systems.
monument
[Podstatné jméno]

a place or building that is historically important

památka, monument

památka, monument

Ex: The Taj Mahal is a monument built in memory of Emperor Shah Jahan ’s beloved wife , Mumtaz Mahal .
relic
[Podstatné jméno]

an object or part of an object surviving from the past, typically with historical or emotional value, often linked to a person, event, or era

relikvie, památka

relikvie, památka

Ex: The worn-out baseball glove , relic from my youth , brings back memories of summer games with my friends .
catacomb
[Podstatné jméno]

an underground burial place with tunnels and chambers for tombs or graves

katakomby, katakomba

katakomby, katakomba

Ex: catacombs provided a peaceful resting place for the deceased away from the surface .
to mummify
[sloveso]

to preserve a dead body by treating it with chemicals or natural substances to prevent decay

mumifikovat, mummifikovat

mumifikovat, mummifikovat

Ex: Mummifying a body required careful preparation and specialized knowledge of anatomy .
alchemy
[Podstatné jméno]

the ancient practice of trying to turn common metals into gold

alchymie, alchymictví

alchymie, alchymictví

Ex: In his quest for wealth , the medieval scientist dedicated years to the art alchemy, hoping to produce gold .
scribe
[Podstatné jméno]

a person who writes copies of documents by hand

opisovatel, písař

opisovatel, písař

Ex: scribe carefully transcribed the old , fading manuscripts to preserve their contents for future generations .
ancestral
[Přídavné jméno]

related to or inherited from one's ancestors

předkův, dědičný

předkův, dědičný

Ex: The tribal elders shared stories of ancestral heroes and legends .
ancient
[Přídavné jméno]

related or belonging to a period of history that is long gone

starověký, antický

starověký, antický

Ex: The museum housed artifacts from ancient Egypt, including pottery and jewelry.
genealogy
[Podstatné jméno]

the study of family lineages and the history of descent

genealogie, rodokmen

genealogie, rodokmen

Ex: Genealogy websites and DNA tests have become popular tools for individuals interested in exploring their family history .
epoch
[Podstatné jméno]

a period of time in history or someone's life, during which significant events happen

epoché, doba

epoché, doba

Ex: The Civil Rights Movement was epoch of profound social change and progress in the United States .
provenance
[Podstatné jméno]

the origin or source of a particular thing

původ, zdroj

původ, zdroj

Ex: Historians study provenance of manuscripts to understand their historical significance .
medievalist
[Podstatné jméno]

a scholar or researcher who specializes in the study of the Middle Ages

středověký historik, středovědci

středověký historik, středovědci

Ex: medievalist's expertise in medieval law provided valuable insights into legal practices during the Middle Ages .
archeologist
[Podstatné jméno]

a person whose job is to study ancient societies using facts, objects, buildings, etc. remaining in excavation sites

archeolog, archeoložka

archeolog, archeoložka

preservationist
[Podstatné jméno]

a person who advocates or works to protect and maintain natural, historical, or cultural resources from decay, destruction, or neglect

ochránce, preservačník

ochránce, preservačník

Ex: He dedicated his career as preservationist to safeguarding the region 's natural landscapes .
paleontologist
[Podstatné jméno]

a scientist who studies fossils and ancient life forms to understand the history of life on earth

paleontolog, vědec studující fosilie

paleontolog, vědec studující fosilie

Ex: The museum exhibit featured findings from the fieldwork of paleontologists.
paleobiologist
[Podstatné jméno]

a scientist who studies ancient life forms, their evolution, behaviors, habitats, and interactions with the environment through the analysis of fossils and other remnants of past life

paleobiolog, paleobioložka

paleobiolog, paleobioložka

Ex: paleobiologist analyzed microfossils to understand climate changes during the Pleistocene era .
cryptographer
[Podstatné jméno]

a specialist who studies and develops systems for secure communication and information protection

kryptoanalytik, kryptograf

kryptoanalytik, kryptograf

Ex: The government cryptographers to decode intercepted messages during wartime .
artifact
[Podstatné jméno]

a man-made object, tool, weapon, etc. that was created in the past and holds historical or cultural significance

artefakt, historický předmět

artefakt, historický předmět

Ex: artifact, a beautifully carved statue , was a significant find that helped date the historical site .
to excavate
[sloveso]

to uncover or expose by digging, especially to reveal buried artifacts, structures, or remains

vystavit, vykopávat

vystavit, vykopávat

Ex: The excavated the ruins of an old castle , revealing hidden chambers and artifacts .
radiocarbon dating
[Podstatné jméno]

a method used by scientists to determine the age of organic materials by measuring the amount of carbon-14 they contain

radiokarbonové datování, uhlíkové datování

radiokarbonové datování, uhlíkové datování

Ex: Advances radiocarbon dating have revolutionized the study of prehistoric cultures and environmental history .
paleolithic
[Podstatné jméno]

a prehistoric period characterized by the development of the first stone tools, spanning from about 2.5 million years ago to around 10,000 years ago

paleolit, paleolitická doba

paleolit, paleolitická doba

Ex: Artifacts from the Paleolithic era, such as flint knives and axes, are displayed in the museum's prehistoric exhibit.
prehistoric
[Přídavné jméno]

relating or belonging to the time before history was recorded

prehistorický, předhistorický

prehistorický, předhistorický

Ex: Researchers use carbon dating to determine the age prehistoric artifacts .
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