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Кембриджский английский: FCE (B2 First) - Закон и Преступление

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Cambridge English: FCE (B2 First)
to arrest
to arrest
[глагол]

(of law enforcement agencies) to take a person away because they believe that they have done something illegal

арестовывать

арестовывать

Ex: The police officer decided to arrest the suspect after gathering sufficient evidence. 
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burglar
burglar
[существительное]

someone who illegally enters a place in order to steal something

взломщик

взломщик

Ex: The burglar broke into the house through the back door while the family was asleep upstairs. 
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cell
cell
[существительное]

a very small enclosed space in which a prisoner is kept

камера

камера

Ex: The prisoner was confined to a small cell for the duration of his sentence. 
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to charge
to charge
[глагол]

to officially accuse someone of an offense

обвинять

обвинять

Ex: The prosecutor decided to charge the suspect with theft based on the evidence. 
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to [commit] a crime
to commit a crime
[фраза]

to do something that is against the law

Ex: He committed a crime when he drove without a license. 
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court
court
[существительное]

the place in which legal proceedings are conducted

суд

суд

Ex: In family court, judges handle matters such as divorce, child custody, and domestic violence disputes. 
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criminal
criminal
[существительное]

a person who does or is involved in an illegal activity

преступник

преступник

Ex: The police arrested the criminal after a long investigation. 
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detective
detective
[существительное]

a person, especially a police officer, whose job is to investigate and solve crimes and catch criminals

детектив

детектив

Ex: He is a private detective hired to find the missing jewelry. 
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DNA
DNA
[существительное]

(biochemistry) a chemical substance that carries the genetic information, which is present in every cell and some viruses

ДНК, дезоксирибонуклеиновая кислота

ДНК, дезоксирибонуклеиновая кислота

Ex: DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, contains the genetic instructions for living organisms. 
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evidence
evidence
[существительное]

a statement, document, or object that is used in a law court for establishing facts

доказательства

доказательства

Ex: The detectives found crucial evidence at the crime scene that linked the suspect to the murder. 
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to fine
to fine
[глагол]

to make someone pay a sum of money as punishment for violation of the law

штрафовать

штрафовать

Ex: The police officer fined the driver for speeding in a school zone. 
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fingerprint
fingerprint
[существительное]

a mark made by the unique pattern of lines on the tip of a person's finger, can be used to find out who has committed a crime

отпечаток, отпечаток пальца

отпечаток, отпечаток пальца

Ex: Detectives found a clear fingerprint on the window sill, leading to the identification of the burglar. 
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fine
fine
[существительное]

an amount of money that must be paid as a legal punishment

штраф

штраф

Ex: He had to pay a hefty fine for speeding on the highway. 
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forensic
forensic
[прилагательное]

related to the use of scientific techniques when trying to know more about a crime

судебно-медицинский

судебно-медицинский

Ex: The forensic team collected DNA, fingerprint, and fiber evidence from the crime scene. 
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guilty
guilty
[прилагательное]

responsible for an illegal act or wrongdoing

виновный

виновный

Ex: He pleaded guilty to the charges in court. 
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innocent
innocent
[прилагательное]

not having committed a wrongdoing or offense

невиновный

невиновный

Ex: The evidence presented in court proved that he was innocent of the crime he was accused of. 
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jury
jury
[существительное]

a group of twelve citizens, who listen to the details of a case in the court of law in order to decide the guiltiness or innocence of a defendant

суд присяжных

суд присяжных

Ex: The jury deliberated for several hours before reaching a unanimous verdict. 
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to kidnap
to kidnap
[глагол]

to take someone away and hold them in captivity, typically to demand something for their release

похищать

похищать

Ex: The criminals planned to kidnap the CEO's daughter for a ransom. 
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offense
offense
[существительное]

any act that is against a law

правонарушение

правонарушение

Ex: Shoplifting is considered a criminal offense in most countries. 
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penalty
penalty
[существительное]

a punishment given for breaking a rule, law, or legal agreement

наказание

наказание

Ex: If you fail to file your taxes on time, you will incur a penalty. 
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pickpocket
pickpocket
[существительное]

a criminal who steals money or other goods from people's pockets or bags

карманник

карманник

Ex: The pickpocket skillfully removed the wallet from the tourist’s pocket without being noticed. 
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proof
proof
[существительное]

information or evidence that proves the truth or existence of something

доказательство

доказательство

Ex: The DNA results acted as proof that the suspect was at the scene of the crime. 
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punishment
punishment
[существительное]

the act of making someone suffer because they have done something illegal or wrong

наказание

наказание

Ex: The judge handed down a severe punishment to the convicted criminal, sentencing them to several years in prison. 
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robbery
robbery
[существительное]

the crime of stealing money or goods from someone or somewhere, especially by violence or threat

ограбление

ограбление

Ex: The bank was the target of a robbery, with the thieves escaping with a large sum of money. 
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to sentence
to sentence
[глагол]

to officially state the punishment of someone found guilty in a court of law

приговаривать

приговаривать

Ex: The judge will sentence the convicted criminal to five years in prison. 
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to shoplift
to shoplift
[глагол]

to steal goods from a store by secretly taking them without paying

воровать в магазинах

воровать в магазинах

Ex: The security cameras captured the individual attempting to shoplift items from the store. 
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to steal
to steal
[глагол]

to take something from someone or somewhere without permission or paying for it

красть

красть

Ex: She steals cookies from the jar when no one is looking. 
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suspect
suspect
[существительное]

someone who is believed to be guilty of an offence

подозреваемый

подозреваемый

Ex: The police arrested the suspect after matching his fingerprints to the crime scene. 
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suspicious
suspicious
[прилагательное]

not conforming to the expected or usual pattern, giving rise to doubt or concern

сомнительный

сомнительный

Ex: They reported the suspicious email to IT, fearing it might be a phishing attempt. 
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to [take] {sb/sth} to court

to start a legal process against someone or something to resolve a dispute

Ex: They took their former business partner to court over a breach of contract. 
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thief
thief
[существительное]

someone who steals something from a person or place without using violence or threats

вор

вор

Ex: The thief was caught on camera as he sneaked into the store and took a handful of electronics. 
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to trace
to trace
[глагол]

to find someone or something, often by following a series of clues or evidence

проследить

проследить

Ex: The detectives traced the stolen artwork to an underground art market. 
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trial
trial
[существительное]

a legal process where a judge and jury examine evidence in court to decide if the accused is guilty

судебное разбирательство

судебное разбирательство

Ex: The trial lasted for several weeks as witnesses testified and evidence was presented. 
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regulation
regulation
[существительное]

a rule made by the government, an authority, etc. to control or govern something within a particular area

правило, регулирование

правило, регулирование

Ex: The new regulations require all vehicles to undergo emissions testing annually. 
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requirement
requirement
[существительное]

an activity or action that must be performed

требование

требование

Ex: Completing homework is a course requirement. 
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system
system
[существительное]

a procedure or process for obtaining an objective

система, процедура

система, процедура

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to forbid
to forbid
[глагол]

to not give permission typically through the use of authority, rules, etc.

запрещать

запрещать

Ex: The teacher forbade talking during the exam. 
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