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Cambridgeská angličtina: FCE (B2 First) - Právo a Zločin

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Cambridge English: FCE (B2 First)
to arrest
to arrest
[sloveso]

(of law enforcement agencies) to take a person away because they believe that they have done something illegal

zatknout

zatknout

Ex: The police officer decided to arrest the suspect after gathering sufficient evidence. 
burglar
burglar
[Podstatné jméno]

someone who illegally enters a place in order to steal something

zloděj, lupič

zloděj, lupič

Ex: The burglar broke into the house through the back door while the family was asleep upstairs. 
cell
cell
[Podstatné jméno]

a very small enclosed space in which a prisoner is kept

cela, žalář

cela, žalář

Ex: The prisoner was confined to a small cell for the duration of his sentence. 
to charge
to charge
[sloveso]

to officially accuse someone of an offense

obvinit, obžalovat

obvinit, obžalovat

Ex: The prosecutor decided to charge the suspect with theft based on the evidence. 
to [commit] a crime

to do something that is against the law

Ex: He committed a crime when he drove without a license. 
court
court
[Podstatné jméno]

the place in which legal proceedings are conducted

soud, soudní dvůr

soud, soudní dvůr

Ex: In family court, judges handle matters such as divorce, child custody, and domestic violence disputes. 
criminal
criminal
[Podstatné jméno]

a person who does or is involved in an illegal activity

zločinec, kriminálník

zločinec, kriminálník

Ex: The police arrested the criminal after a long investigation. 
detective
detective
[Podstatné jméno]

a person, especially a police officer, whose job is to investigate and solve crimes and catch criminals

detektiv, vyšetřovatel

detektiv, vyšetřovatel

Ex: He is a private detective hired to find the missing jewelry. 
DNA
DNA
[Podstatné jméno]

(biochemistry) a chemical substance that carries the genetic information, which is present in every cell and some viruses

DNA, deoxyribonukleová kyselina

DNA, deoxyribonukleová kyselina

Ex: DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, contains the genetic instructions for living organisms. 
evidence
evidence
[Podstatné jméno]

a statement, document, or object that is used in a law court for establishing facts

důkaz,  svědectví

důkaz, svědectví

Ex: The detectives found crucial evidence at the crime scene that linked the suspect to the murder. 
to fine
to fine
[sloveso]

to make someone pay a sum of money as punishment for violation of the law

pokutovat, udělit pokutu

pokutovat, udělit pokutu

Ex: The police officer fined the driver for speeding in a school zone. 
fingerprint
fingerprint
[Podstatné jméno]

a mark made by the unique pattern of lines on the tip of a person's finger, can be used to find out who has committed a crime

otisk prstu, prstová stopa

otisk prstu, prstová stopa

Ex: Detectives found a clear fingerprint on the window sill, leading to the identification of the burglar. 
fine
fine
[Podstatné jméno]

an amount of money that must be paid as a legal punishment

pokuta, sankce

pokuta, sankce

Ex: He had to pay a hefty fine for speeding on the highway. 
forensic
forensic
[Přídavné jméno]

related to the use of scientific techniques when trying to know more about a crime

forenzní, kriminalistický

forenzní, kriminalistický

Ex: The forensic team collected DNA, fingerprint, and fiber evidence from the crime scene. 
guilty
guilty
[Přídavné jméno]

responsible for an illegal act or wrongdoing

vinny, odpovědný

vinny, odpovědný

Ex: He pleaded guilty to the charges in court. 
innocent
innocent
[Přídavné jméno]

not having committed a wrongdoing or offense

nevinný, nevinen

nevinný, nevinen

Ex: The evidence presented in court proved that he was innocent of the crime he was accused of. 
jury
jury
[Podstatné jméno]

a group of twelve citizens, who listen to the details of a case in the court of law in order to decide the guiltiness or innocence of a defendant

porota, panel porotců

porota, panel porotců

Ex: The jury deliberated for several hours before reaching a unanimous verdict. 
to kidnap
to kidnap
[sloveso]

to take someone away and hold them in captivity, typically to demand something for their release

unést, vzít jako rukojmí

unést, vzít jako rukojmí

Ex: The criminals planned to kidnap the CEO's daughter for a ransom. 
offense
offense
[Podstatné jméno]

any act that is against a law

přestupek, trestný čin

přestupek, trestný čin

Ex: Shoplifting is considered a criminal offense in most countries. 
penalty
penalty
[Podstatné jméno]

a punishment given for breaking a rule, law, or legal agreement

pokuta, trest

pokuta, trest

Ex: If you fail to file your taxes on time, you will incur a penalty. 
pickpocket
pickpocket
[Podstatné jméno]

a criminal who steals money or other goods from people's pockets or bags

kapsář, zloděj

kapsář, zloděj

Ex: The pickpocket skillfully removed the wallet from the tourist’s pocket without being noticed. 
proof
proof
[Podstatné jméno]

information or evidence that proves the truth or existence of something

důkaz, svědectví

důkaz, svědectví

Ex: The DNA results acted as proof that the suspect was at the scene of the crime. 
punishment
punishment
[Podstatné jméno]

the act of making someone suffer because they have done something illegal or wrong

trest, potrestání

trest, potrestání

Ex: The judge handed down a severe punishment to the convicted criminal, sentencing them to several years in prison. 
robbery
robbery
[Podstatné jméno]

the crime of stealing money or goods from someone or somewhere, especially by violence or threat

loupež, krádež

loupež, krádež

Ex: The bank was the target of a robbery, with the thieves escaping with a large sum of money. 
to sentence
to sentence
[sloveso]

to officially state the punishment of someone found guilty in a court of law

odsoudit

odsoudit

Ex: The judge will sentence the convicted criminal to five years in prison. 
to shoplift
to shoplift
[sloveso]

to steal goods from a store by secretly taking them without paying

krást v obchodě, páchat krádeže v obchodech

krást v obchodě, páchat krádeže v obchodech

Ex: The security cameras captured the individual attempting to shoplift items from the store. 
to steal
to steal
[sloveso]

to take something from someone or somewhere without permission or paying for it

krást, ukrást

krást, ukrást

Ex: She steals cookies from the jar when no one is looking. 
suspect
suspect
[Podstatné jméno]

someone who is believed to be guilty of an offence

podezřelý

podezřelý

Ex: The police arrested the suspect after matching his fingerprints to the crime scene. 
suspicious
suspicious
[Přídavné jméno]

not conforming to the expected or usual pattern, giving rise to doubt or concern

podezřelý, pochybný

podezřelý, pochybný

Ex: They reported the suspicious email to IT, fearing it might be a phishing attempt. 
to [take] {sb/sth} to court

to start a legal process against someone or something to resolve a dispute

Ex: They took their former business partner to court over a breach of contract. 
thief
thief
[Podstatné jméno]

someone who steals something from a person or place without using violence or threats

zloděj, lupič

zloděj, lupič

Ex: The thief was caught on camera as he sneaked into the store and took a handful of electronics. 
to trace
to trace
[sloveso]

to find someone or something, often by following a series of clues or evidence

vystopovat, sledovat

vystopovat, sledovat

Ex: The detectives traced the stolen artwork to an underground art market. 
trial
trial
[Podstatné jméno]

a legal process where a judge and jury examine evidence in court to decide if the accused is guilty

soudní proces, přelíčení

soudní proces, přelíčení

Ex: The trial lasted for several weeks as witnesses testified and evidence was presented. 
regulation
regulation
[Podstatné jméno]

a rule made by the government, an authority, etc. to control or govern something within a particular area

nařízení, regulace

nařízení, regulace

Ex: The new regulations require all vehicles to undergo emissions testing annually. 
requirement
requirement
[Podstatné jméno]

an activity or action that must be performed

požadavek, povinnost

požadavek, povinnost

Ex: Completing homework is a course requirement. 
system
system
[Podstatné jméno]

a procedure or process for obtaining an objective

systém, procedura

systém, procedura

to forbid
to forbid
[sloveso]

to not give permission typically through the use of authority, rules, etc.

zakazovat,  zapovídat

zakazovat, zapovídat

Ex: The teacher forbade talking during the exam. 
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