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ケンブリッジ英語: FCE (B2 First) - 法律と犯罪

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Cambridge English: FCE (B2 First)
to arrest
[動詞]

(of law enforcement agencies) to take a person away because they believe that they have done something illegal

逮捕する

逮捕する

Ex: Authorities are currently arresting suspects at the scene of the crime .当局は現在、犯罪現場で容疑者を**逮捕**しています。
burglar
[名詞]

someone who illegally enters a place in order to steal something

強盗, 泥棒

強盗, 泥棒

Ex: The burglar was caught on surveillance cameras , making it easy for the police to identify and arrest him .**強盗**は監視カメラで捕らえられ、警察が彼を特定し逮捕するのが容易になりました。
cell
[名詞]

a very small enclosed space in which a prisoner is kept

独房, 牢屋

独房, 牢屋

Ex: He spent hours alone in his cell, contemplating his actions and their consequences .彼は独房で何時間も一人で過ごし、自分の行動とその結果について考えました。
to charge
[動詞]

to officially accuse someone of an offense

起訴する, 告訴する

起訴する, 告訴する

Ex: Right now , the legal team is charging individuals involved in the corruption scandal .現在、法務チームは汚職スキャンダルに関与した個人を**起訴**しています。

to do something that is against the law

Ex: They were sentenced to prison for committing a serious crime.
court
[名詞]

the place in which legal proceedings are conducted

裁判所, 法廷

裁判所, 法廷

Ex: The Supreme Court's decision set a legal precedent.最高**裁判所**の判決は法的先例を設定した。
criminal
[名詞]

a person who does or is involved in an illegal activity

犯罪者, 刑事

犯罪者, 刑事

Ex: The criminal confessed to robbing the bank .**犯罪者**は銀行を強盗したことを自白した。
detective
[名詞]

a person, especially a police officer, whose job is to investigate and solve crimes and catch criminals

探偵, 刑事

探偵, 刑事

Ex: The police department asked the detective to reveal the identity of the culprit .警察署は**探偵**に犯人の身元を明らかにするよう求めた。
DNA
[名詞]

(biochemistry) a chemical substance that carries the genetic information, which is present in every cell and some viruses

DNA, デオキシリボ核酸

DNA, デオキシリボ核酸

Ex: DNA contains the instructions for building proteins in the body .**DNA**は体内でタンパク質を構築するための指示を含んでいます。
evidence
[名詞]

a statement, document, or object that is used in a law court for establishing facts

証拠,  証言

証拠, 証言

Ex: The evidence was overwhelming , and the jury quickly reached a verdict , convicting the defendant of all charges .**証拠**は圧倒的で、陪審員はすぐに評決を下し、被告をすべての罪状で有罪とした。
to fine
[動詞]

to make someone pay a sum of money as punishment for violation of the law

罰金を科す, 過料を課す

罰金を科す, 過料を課す

Ex: He was fined for littering in a public area .彼は公共の場所でごみを捨てたことで**罰金を科された**。
fingerprint
[名詞]

a mark made by the unique pattern of lines on the tip of a person's finger, can be used to find out who has committed a crime

指紋, 指の跡

指紋, 指の跡

Ex: Fingerprint evidence played a crucial role in convicting the perpetrator of the murder.**指紋**の証拠は、殺人の犯人を有罪にする上で重要な役割を果たしました。
fine
[名詞]

an amount of money that must be paid as a legal punishment

罰金, 過料

罰金, 過料

Ex: The judge imposed a fine on the company for environmental violations .裁判官は環境違反に対して会社に**罰金**を科した。
forensic
[形容詞]

related to the use of scientific techniques when trying to know more about a crime

法医学の, 犯罪科学の

法医学の, 犯罪科学の

Ex: The detective relied on forensic evidence to solve the case .探偵は事件を解決するために**法医学的**な証拠に頼った。
guilty
[形容詞]

responsible for an illegal act or wrongdoing

有罪の, 責任がある

有罪の, 責任がある

Ex: The jury found the defendant guilty of the crime based on the evidence presented .陪審員は、提示された証拠に基づいて被告を犯罪の**有罪**と判断した。
innocent
[形容詞]

not having committed a wrongdoing or offense

無罪の, 潔白な

無罪の, 潔白な

Ex: The innocent driver was not at fault for the car accident caused by the other driver 's negligence .他のドライバーの過失による交通事故で、**無実の**ドライバーは過失がありませんでした。
jury
[名詞]

a group of twelve citizens, who listen to the details of a case in the court of law in order to decide the guiltiness or innocence of a defendant

陪審, 陪審員パネル

陪審, 陪審員パネル

Ex: The jury was composed of individuals from various professions and backgrounds .**陪審員**は、さまざまな職業や背景を持つ個人で構成されていました。
to kidnap
[動詞]

to take someone away and hold them in captivity, typically to demand something for their release

誘拐する, 拉致する

誘拐する, 拉致する

Ex: She was terrified when she realized that they intended to kidnap her .彼女は彼らが彼女を**誘拐**するつもりだと気づいたとき恐怖に襲われた。
offense
[名詞]

any act that is against a law

違反, 犯罪

違反, 犯罪

Ex: He was arrested for a minor offense, but was released with a warning .彼は軽微な**犯罪**で逮捕されたが、警告とともに釈放された。
penalty
[名詞]

a punishment given for breaking a rule, law, or legal agreement

罰金, 制裁

罰金, 制裁

Ex: He was given a penalty for breaking the terms of his contract .彼は契約の条件を破ったために**罰則**を受けた。
pickpocket
[名詞]

a criminal who steals money or other goods from people's pockets or bags

すり, 掏摸

すり, 掏摸

Ex: He had to cancel his credit cards after a pickpocket took his wallet during the festival .祭りの間に **すり** が財布を盗んだ後、彼はクレジットカードをキャンセルしなければならなかった。
proof
[名詞]

information or evidence that proves the truth or existence of something

証拠, 証明

証拠, 証明

Ex: She offered proof of her payment by showing the receipt from the transaction .彼女は取引の領収書を見せることで、支払いの**証拠**を提供した。
punishment
[名詞]

the act of making someone suffer because they have done something illegal or wrong

罰, 処罰

罰, 処罰

Ex: He accepted his punishment without complaint .彼は文句を言わずに**罰**を受け入れた。
robbery
[名詞]

the crime of stealing money or goods from someone or somewhere, especially by violence or threat

強盗, 窃盗

強盗, 窃盗

Ex: The jewelry store was hit by a robbery in broad daylight , with expensive items stolen .宝石店は昼間に**強盗**に遭い、高価な品物が盗まれた。
to sentence
[動詞]

to officially state the punishment of someone found guilty in a court of law

判決を下す

判決を下す

Ex: After the trial , the judge carefully sentenced the convicted murderer .裁判の後、裁判官は慎重に有罪判決を受けた殺人者を**宣告した**。
to shoplift
[動詞]

to steal goods from a store by secretly taking them without paying

万引きする, 店から商品を盗む

万引きする, 店から商品を盗む

Ex: The employee noticed the man shoplifting and immediately called the police .従業員は男が**万引きしている**のを気づき、すぐに警察に通報した。
to steal
[動詞]

to take something from someone or somewhere without permission or paying for it

盗む, 奪う

盗む, 奪う

Ex: While we were at the party , someone was stealing valuables from the guests .私たちがパーティーにいる間、誰かがゲストから貴重品を**盗んで**いました。
suspect
[名詞]

someone who is believed to be guilty of an offence

容疑者

容疑者

Ex: Despite being a suspect, he insisted he was innocent until proven guilty .**容疑者であるにもかかわらず**, 彼は有罪が証明されるまで無実だと主張した.
suspicious
[形容詞]

not conforming to the expected or usual pattern, giving rise to doubt or concern

不審な, 怪しい

不審な, 怪しい

Ex: A suspicious noise came from the dark alley .暗い路地から**不審な**音が聞こえた。

to start a legal process against someone or something to resolve a dispute

Ex: He took the matter to court to resolve the ongoing property dispute with his neighbor.
thief
[名詞]

someone who steals something from a person or place without using violence or threats

泥棒, 盗人

泥棒, 盗人

Ex: The thief attempted to escape through the alley , but the police quickly cornered him .**泥棒**は路地を通って逃げようとしたが、警察はすぐに彼を追い詰めた。
to trace
[動詞]

to find someone or something, often by following a series of clues or evidence

追跡する, たどる

追跡する, たどる

Ex: The investigators recently traced the counterfeit money to a local printing shop .調査官たちは最近、偽造通貨を地元の印刷所まで**追跡**しました。
trial
[名詞]

a legal process where a judge and jury examine evidence in court to decide if the accused is guilty

裁判, 公判

裁判, 公判

Ex: The lawyer prepared extensively for the trial, gathering all necessary documents and witness statements .弁護士は**裁判**のために広範に準備し、必要なすべての書類と証人陳述を集めた。
regulation
[名詞]

a rule made by the government, an authority, etc. to control or govern something within a particular area

規制, 規制

規制, 規制

Ex: Environmental regulations limit the amount of pollutants that factories can release into the air and water .環境**規制**は、工場が空気や水に放出できる汚染物質の量を制限します。
requirement
[名詞]

a necessary condition that has to be fulfilled

要件, 必要条件

要件, 必要条件

Ex: Submitting the application on time is a strict requirement.申請を時間通りに提出することは厳しい**要件**です。
system
[名詞]

a procedure or process for obtaining an objective

システム, 手順

システム, 手順

to forbid
[動詞]

to not give permission typically through the use of authority, rules, etc.

禁止する,  禁じる

禁止する, 禁じる

Ex: The law forbids smoking in public places like restaurants and bars .法律は、レストランやバーのような公共の場所での喫煙を**禁止しています**。
ケンブリッジ英語: FCE (B2 First)
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