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كامبريدج الإنجليزية: FCE (B2 First) - القانون والجريمة

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اختبار قصير

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Cambridge English: FCE (B2 First)
to arrest
[فعل]

(of law enforcement agencies) to take a person away because they believe that they have done something illegal

اعتقل

اعتقل

Ex: Authorities are currently arresting suspects at the scene of the crime .السلطات تقوم حالياً **باعتقال** المشتبه بهم في مكان الجريمة.
burglar
[اسم]

someone who illegally enters a place in order to steal something

لص, سارق

لص, سارق

Ex: The burglar was caught on surveillance cameras , making it easy for the police to identify and arrest him .تم القبض على **اللص** بواسطة كاميرات المراقبة، مما سهل على الشرطة التعرف عليه والقبض عليه.
cell
[اسم]

a very small enclosed space in which a prisoner is kept

زنزانة, حجرة السجن

زنزانة, حجرة السجن

Ex: He spent hours alone in his cell, contemplating his actions and their consequences .قضى ساعات وحيدًا في **زنزانته**، يتأمل أفعاله وعواقبها.
to charge
[فعل]

to officially accuse someone of an offense

اتهم, وجه الاتهام

اتهم, وجه الاتهام

Ex: Right now , the legal team is charging individuals involved in the corruption scandal .حاليًا، فريق القانون **يتهم** الأفراد المتورطين في فضيحة الفساد.
to commit a crime
[عبارة]

to do something that is against the law

Ex: They were sentenced to prison for committing a serious crime.
court
[اسم]

the place in which legal proceedings are conducted

محكمة, قضاء

محكمة, قضاء

Ex: The Supreme Court's decision set a legal precedent.قرار **المحكمة** العليا وضع سابقة قانونية.
criminal
[اسم]

a person who does or is involved in an illegal activity

مجرم, إجرامي

مجرم, إجرامي

Ex: The criminal confessed to robbing the bank .اعترف **المجرم** بسرقة البنك.
detective
[اسم]

a person, especially a police officer, whose job is to investigate and solve crimes and catch criminals

محقق, مخبر

محقق, مخبر

Ex: The police department asked the detective to reveal the identity of the culprit .طلب قسم الشرطة من **المحقق** الكشف عن هوية الجاني.
DNA
[اسم]

(biochemistry) a chemical substance that carries the genetic information, which is present in every cell and some viruses

الحمض النووي, حمض الديوكسي ريبونوكلييك

الحمض النووي, حمض الديوكسي ريبونوكلييك

Ex: DNA contains the instructions for building proteins in the body .يحتوي **الحمض النووي الريبوزي منقوص الأكسجين (DNA)** على تعليمات بناء البروتينات في الجسم.
evidence
[اسم]

a statement, document, or object that is used in a law court for establishing facts

دليل,  شهادة

دليل, شهادة

Ex: The evidence was overwhelming , and the jury quickly reached a verdict , convicting the defendant of all charges .كانت **الأدلة** ساحقة ووصلت هيئة المحلفين بسرعة إلى حكم بإدانة المتهم بجميع التهم.
to fine
[فعل]

to make someone pay a sum of money as punishment for violation of the law

غرم, فرض غرامة

غرم, فرض غرامة

Ex: He was fined for littering in a public area .تم **غرامته** لإلقاء القمامة في منطقة عامة.
fingerprint
[اسم]

a mark made by the unique pattern of lines on the tip of a person's finger, can be used to find out who has committed a crime

بصمة الإصبع, أثر الإصبع

بصمة الإصبع, أثر الإصبع

Ex: Fingerprint evidence played a crucial role in convicting the perpetrator of the murder.لعبت أدلة **بصمات الأصابع** دورًا حاسمًا في إدانة مرتكب الجريمة.
fine
[اسم]

an amount of money that must be paid as a legal punishment

غرامة, عقوبة مالية

غرامة, عقوبة مالية

Ex: The judge imposed a fine on the company for environmental violations .فرض القاضي **غرامة** على الشركة بسبب انتهاكات بيئية.
forensic
[صفة]

related to the use of scientific techniques when trying to know more about a crime

الطب الشرعي, الجنائي

الطب الشرعي, الجنائي

Ex: The detective relied on forensic evidence to solve the case .اعتمد المحقق على الأدلة **الجنائية** لحل القضية.
guilty
[صفة]

responsible for an illegal act or wrongdoing

مذنب, مسؤول

مذنب, مسؤول

Ex: The jury found the defendant guilty of the crime based on the evidence presented .وجدت هيئة المحلفين المتهم **مذنباً** بالجريمة بناءً على الأدلة المقدمة.
innocent
[صفة]

not having committed a wrongdoing or offense

بريء, غير مذنب

بريء, غير مذنب

Ex: The innocent driver was not at fault for the car accident caused by the other driver 's negligence .لم يكن السائق **البرئ** مخطئًا في حادث السيارة الناجم عن إهمال السائق الآخر.
jury
[اسم]

a group of twelve citizens, who listen to the details of a case in the court of law in order to decide the guiltiness or innocence of a defendant

هيئة المحلفين, لوحة المحلفين

هيئة المحلفين, لوحة المحلفين

Ex: The jury was composed of individuals from various professions and backgrounds .تكونت **هيئة المحلفين** من أفراد من مهن وخلفيات متنوعة.
to kidnap
[فعل]

to take someone away and hold them in captivity, typically to demand something for their release

يختطف, يأخذ رهينة

يختطف, يأخذ رهينة

Ex: She was terrified when she realized that they intended to kidnap her .كانت مرعوبة عندما أدركت أنهم ينوون **اختطافها**.
offense
[اسم]

any act that is against a law

جريمة, مخالفة

جريمة, مخالفة

Ex: He was arrested for a minor offense, but was released with a warning .تم القبض عليه بتهمة **جريمة** بسيطة، ولكن تم إطلاق سراحه مع تحذير.
penalty
[اسم]

a punishment given for breaking a rule, law, or legal agreement

عقوبة, جزاء

عقوبة, جزاء

Ex: He was given a penalty for breaking the terms of his contract .تم فرض **عقوبة** عليه لخرقه شروط عقده.
pickpocket
[اسم]

a criminal who steals money or other goods from people's pockets or bags

نشال, سارق الجيوب

نشال, سارق الجيوب

Ex: He had to cancel his credit cards after a pickpocket took his wallet during the festival .كان عليه إلغاء بطاقات الائتمان الخاصة به بعد أن أخذ **نشال** محفظته خلال المهرجان.
proof
[اسم]

information or evidence that proves the truth or existence of something

دليل, برهان

دليل, برهان

Ex: She offered proof of her payment by showing the receipt from the transaction .قدمت **دليلًا** على دفعه من خلال إظهار إيصال المعاملة.
punishment
[اسم]

the act of making someone suffer because they have done something illegal or wrong

عقاب, عقوبة

عقاب, عقوبة

Ex: He accepted his punishment without complaint .قبل **عقابه** دون شكوى.
robbery
[اسم]

the crime of stealing money or goods from someone or somewhere, especially by violence or threat

سرقة, نهب

سرقة, نهب

Ex: The jewelry store was hit by a robbery in broad daylight , with expensive items stolen .تعرض متجر المجوهرات لـ**سرقة** في وضح النهار، مع سرقة عناصر باهظة الثمن.
to sentence
[فعل]

to officially state the punishment of someone found guilty in a court of law

حكم

حكم

Ex: After the trial , the judge carefully sentenced the convicted murderer .بعد المحاكمة، **حكم** القاضي بعناية على القاتل المدان.
to shoplift
[فعل]

to steal goods from a store by secretly taking them without paying

يسرق من المتجر, يختلس من المحل

يسرق من المتجر, يختلس من المحل

Ex: The employee noticed the man shoplifting and immediately called the police .لاحظ الموظف الرجل **يسرق من المتجر** واستدعى الشرطة على الفور.
to steal
[فعل]

to take something from someone or somewhere without permission or paying for it

يسرق, يختلس

يسرق, يختلس

Ex: While we were at the party , someone was stealing valuables from the guests .بينما كنا في الحفلة، كان هناك شخص ما **يسرق** ممتلكات ثمينة من الضيوف.
suspect
[اسم]

someone who is believed to be guilty of an offence

مشتبه به

مشتبه به

Ex: Despite being a suspect, he insisted he was innocent until proven guilty .**على الرغم من كونه مشتبهاً به**, أصر على أنه كان بريئاً حتى تثبت إدانته.
suspicious
[صفة]

not conforming to the expected or usual pattern, giving rise to doubt or concern

مشبوه, مريب

مشبوه, مريب

Ex: A suspicious noise came from the dark alley .صوت **مشبوه** جاء من الزقاق المظلم.

to start a legal process against someone or something to resolve a dispute

Ex: He took the matter to court to resolve the ongoing property dispute with his neighbor.
thief
[اسم]

someone who steals something from a person or place without using violence or threats

لص, سارق

لص, سارق

Ex: The thief attempted to escape through the alley , but the police quickly cornered him .حاول **اللص** الهروب عبر الزقاق، لكن الشرطة حاصرته بسرعة.
to trace
[فعل]

to find someone or something, often by following a series of clues or evidence

تتبع, تعقب

تتبع, تعقب

Ex: The investigators recently traced the counterfeit money to a local printing shop .قام المحققون مؤخرًا **بتتبع** الأموال المزيفة إلى متجر طباعة محلي.
trial
[اسم]

a legal process where a judge and jury examine evidence in court to decide if the accused is guilty

محاكمة, جلسة استماع

محاكمة, جلسة استماع

Ex: The lawyer prepared extensively for the trial, gathering all necessary documents and witness statements .حضر المحامي بشكل مكثف ل**المحاكمة**، وجمع جميع المستندات اللازمة وبيانات الشهود.
regulation
[اسم]

a rule made by the government, an authority, etc. to control or govern something within a particular area

تنظيم, لوائح

تنظيم, لوائح

Ex: Environmental regulations limit the amount of pollutants that factories can release into the air and water .تحد **اللوائح** البيئية كمية الملوثات التي يمكن للمصانع إطلاقها في الهواء والماء.
requirement
[اسم]

a necessary condition that has to be fulfilled

متطلب, شرط ضروري

متطلب, شرط ضروري

Ex: Submitting the application on time is a strict requirement.تقديم الطلب في الوقت المحدد هو **شرط** صارم.
system
[اسم]

a procedure or process for obtaining an objective

نظام, إجراء

نظام, إجراء

to forbid
[فعل]

to not give permission typically through the use of authority, rules, etc.

حظر,  منع

حظر, منع

Ex: The law forbids smoking in public places like restaurants and bars .القانون **يُحظر** التدخين في الأماكن العامة مثل المطاعم والحانات.
كامبريدج الإنجليزية: FCE (B2 First)
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