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Cambridge English: FCE (B2 First) - Batas at Krimen

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Cambridge English: FCE (B2 First)
to arrest
[Pandiwa]

(of law enforcement agencies) to take a person away because they believe that they have done something illegal

arestuhin

arestuhin

Ex: Authorities are currently arresting suspects at the scene of the crime .Kasalukuyang **inaaresto** ng mga awtoridad ang mga suspek sa lugar ng krimen.
burglar
[Pangngalan]

someone who illegally enters a place in order to steal something

magnanakaw, tulis

magnanakaw, tulis

Ex: The burglar was caught on surveillance cameras , making it easy for the police to identify and arrest him .Ang **magnanakaw** ay nahuli sa surveillance cameras, na nagpadali sa pulisya na kilalanin at arestuhin siya.
cell
[Pangngalan]

a very small enclosed space in which a prisoner is kept

selda, bilangguan

selda, bilangguan

Ex: He spent hours alone in his cell, contemplating his actions and their consequences .Gumugol siya ng mga oras na mag-isa sa kanyang **selda**, nag-iisip tungkol sa kanyang mga ginawa at ang mga kahihinatnan nito.
to charge
[Pandiwa]

to officially accuse someone of an offense

paratang, isakdal

paratang, isakdal

Ex: Right now , the legal team is charging individuals involved in the corruption scandal .Sa ngayon, ang legal na team ay **nagsasakdal** sa mga indibidwal na sangkot sa iskandalo ng korapsyon.

to do something that is against the law

Ex: They were sentenced to prison for committing a serious crime.
court
[Pangngalan]

the place in which legal proceedings are conducted

hukuman, korte

hukuman, korte

Ex: The Supreme Court's decision set a legal precedent.Ang desisyon ng **Korte** Suprema ay nagtakda ng isang legal na precedent.
criminal
[Pangngalan]

a person who does or is involved in an illegal activity

kriminal, salarin

kriminal, salarin

Ex: The criminal confessed to robbing the bank .Aminado ang **kriminal** sa pagnanakaw sa bangko.
detective
[Pangngalan]

a person, especially a police officer, whose job is to investigate and solve crimes and catch criminals

detektib, imbestigador

detektib, imbestigador

Ex: The police department asked the detective to reveal the identity of the culprit .Hiniling ng departamento ng pulisya sa **detective** na ibunyag ang pagkakakilanlan ng salarin.
DNA
[Pangngalan]

(biochemistry) a chemical substance that carries the genetic information, which is present in every cell and some viruses

DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid

DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid

Ex: DNA contains the instructions for building proteins in the body .Ang **DNA** ay naglalaman ng mga tagubilin para sa pagbuo ng mga protina sa katawan.
evidence
[Pangngalan]

a statement, document, or object that is used in a law court for establishing facts

ebidensya,  katibayan

ebidensya, katibayan

Ex: The evidence was overwhelming , and the jury quickly reached a verdict , convicting the defendant of all charges .Ang **ebidensya** ay napakalaki, at mabilis na naabot ng hurado ang isang hatol, na hinatulan ang akusado sa lahat ng mga paratang.
to fine
[Pandiwa]

to make someone pay a sum of money as punishment for violation of the law

multahan, patawan ng multa

multahan, patawan ng multa

Ex: He was fined for littering in a public area .Siya ay **multahan** dahil sa pagtatapon ng basura sa pampublikong lugar.
fingerprint
[Pangngalan]

a mark made by the unique pattern of lines on the tip of a person's finger, can be used to find out who has committed a crime

bakas ng daliri, marka ng daliri

bakas ng daliri, marka ng daliri

Ex: Fingerprint evidence played a crucial role in convicting the perpetrator of the murder.Ang ebidensya ng **fingerprint** ay may mahalagang papel sa pagpapatunay sa salarin ng pagpatay.
fine
[Pangngalan]

an amount of money that must be paid as a legal punishment

multa, parusa

multa, parusa

Ex: The judge imposed a fine on the company for environmental violations .Ang hukom ay nagpataw ng **multa** sa kumpanya para sa mga paglabag sa kapaligiran.
forensic
[pang-uri]

related to the use of scientific techniques when trying to know more about a crime

pamporensik, kriminalistiko

pamporensik, kriminalistiko

Ex: The detective relied on forensic evidence to solve the case .Ang detective ay umasa sa **forensic** na ebidensya para malutas ang kaso.
guilty
[pang-uri]

responsible for an illegal act or wrongdoing

may-sala, responsable

may-sala, responsable

Ex: The jury found the defendant guilty of the crime based on the evidence presented .Natagpuan ng hurado ang akusado na **nagkasala** sa krimen batay sa ebidensyang iniharap.
innocent
[pang-uri]

not having committed a wrongdoing or offense

walang kasalanan, hindi nagkasala

walang kasalanan, hindi nagkasala

Ex: The innocent driver was not at fault for the car accident caused by the other driver 's negligence .Ang **inosenteng** driver ay hindi kasalanan sa aksidente sa kotse na dulot ng kapabayaan ng ibang driver.
jury
[Pangngalan]

a group of twelve citizens, who listen to the details of a case in the court of law in order to decide the guiltiness or innocence of a defendant

hurado, panel ng mga hurado

hurado, panel ng mga hurado

Ex: The jury was composed of individuals from various professions and backgrounds .Ang **hurado** ay binubuo ng mga indibidwal mula sa iba't ibang propesyon at pinagmulan.
to kidnap
[Pandiwa]

to take someone away and hold them in captivity, typically to demand something for their release

agawin, kidnapin

agawin, kidnapin

Ex: She was terrified when she realized that they intended to kidnap her .Natakot siya nang malaman niyang balak nilang **kidnapin** siya.
offense
[Pangngalan]

any act that is against a law

paglabag, krimen

paglabag, krimen

Ex: He was arrested for a minor offense, but was released with a warning .Siya ay inaresto para sa isang menor na **paglabag**, ngunit pinalaya nang may babala.
penalty
[Pangngalan]

a punishment given for breaking a rule, law, or legal agreement

parusa, multa

parusa, multa

Ex: He was given a penalty for breaking the terms of his contract .Binigyan siya ng **parusa** dahil sa pagsira sa mga tadhana ng kanyang kontrata.
pickpocket
[Pangngalan]

a criminal who steals money or other goods from people's pockets or bags

mandurukot, mang-uumit

mandurukot, mang-uumit

Ex: He had to cancel his credit cards after a pickpocket took his wallet during the festival .Kailangan niyang kanselahin ang kanyang mga credit card matapos na kunin ng isang **mandurukot** ang kanyang pitaka sa panahon ng festival.
proof
[Pangngalan]

information or evidence that proves the truth or existence of something

patunay, ebidensya

patunay, ebidensya

Ex: She offered proof of her payment by showing the receipt from the transaction .Nagbigay siya ng **patunay** ng kanyang pagbabayad sa pamamagitan ng pagpapakita ng resibo mula sa transaksyon.
punishment
[Pangngalan]

the act of making someone suffer because they have done something illegal or wrong

parusa, paghihirap

parusa, paghihirap

Ex: He accepted his punishment without complaint .Tinanggap niya ang kanyang **parusa** nang walang reklamo.
robbery
[Pangngalan]

the crime of stealing money or goods from someone or somewhere, especially by violence or threat

pagnanakaw, holdap

pagnanakaw, holdap

Ex: The jewelry store was hit by a robbery in broad daylight , with expensive items stolen .Ang jewelry store ay tinamaan ng isang **pagnanakaw** sa liwanag ng araw, na may mga mahalagang bagay na ninakaw.
to sentence
[Pandiwa]

to officially state the punishment of someone found guilty in a court of law

hatulan

hatulan

Ex: After the trial , the judge carefully sentenced the convicted murderer .Pagkatapos ng paglilitis, maingat na **hinatulan** ng hukom ang nahatulang mamamatay-tao.
to shoplift
[Pandiwa]

to steal goods from a store by secretly taking them without paying

magnakaw sa tindahan, umit sa tindahan

magnakaw sa tindahan, umit sa tindahan

Ex: The employee noticed the man shoplifting and immediately called the police .Napansin ng empleyado ang lalaki na **nagnanakaw sa tindahan** at agad na tumawag ng pulis.
to steal
[Pandiwa]

to take something from someone or somewhere without permission or paying for it

magnakaw, umit

magnakaw, umit

Ex: While we were at the party , someone was stealing valuables from the guests .Habang nasa party kami, may isang taong **nagnanakaw** ng mga mahahalagang bagay mula sa mga bisita.
suspect
[Pangngalan]

someone who is believed to be guilty of an offence

pinaghihinalaan

pinaghihinalaan

Ex: Despite being a suspect, he insisted he was innocent until proven guilty .**Sa kabila ng pagiging isang suspek**, iginiit niya na siya ay inosente hanggang sa mapatunayang nagkasala.
suspicious
[pang-uri]

not conforming to the expected or usual pattern, giving rise to doubt or concern

kahina-hinala, nagdududa

kahina-hinala, nagdududa

Ex: A suspicious noise came from the dark alley .Isang **kahina-hinalang** ingay ang nanggaling sa madilim na eskinita.

to start a legal process against someone or something to resolve a dispute

Ex: He took the matter to court to resolve the ongoing property dispute with his neighbor.
thief
[Pangngalan]

someone who steals something from a person or place without using violence or threats

magnanakaw, kawatan

magnanakaw, kawatan

Ex: The thief attempted to escape through the alley , but the police quickly cornered him .Sinubukan ng **magnanakaw** na tumakas sa eskinita, ngunit mabilis na nahuli siya ng pulisya.
to trace
[Pandiwa]

to find someone or something, often by following a series of clues or evidence

bakas, sundan

bakas, sundan

Ex: The investigators recently traced the counterfeit money to a local printing shop .**Nasubaybayan** kamakailan ng mga imbestigador ang pekeng pera hanggang sa isang lokal na printing shop.
trial
[Pangngalan]

a legal process where a judge and jury examine evidence in court to decide if the accused is guilty

paglilitis, pagsubok

paglilitis, pagsubok

Ex: The lawyer prepared extensively for the trial, gathering all necessary documents and witness statements .Ang abogado ay naghanda nang husto para sa **pagsubok**, na tinipon ang lahat ng kinakailangang dokumento at mga pahayag ng saksi.
regulation
[Pangngalan]

a rule made by the government, an authority, etc. to control or govern something within a particular area

regulasyon, batas

regulasyon, batas

Ex: Environmental regulations limit the amount of pollutants that factories can release into the air and water .Ang mga **regulasyon** sa kapaligiran ay naglilimita sa dami ng mga pollutant na maaaring ilabas ng mga pabrika sa hangin at tubig.
requirement
[Pangngalan]

a necessary condition that has to be fulfilled

pangangailangan, kinakailangang kondisyon

pangangailangan, kinakailangang kondisyon

Ex: Submitting the application on time is a strict requirement.Ang pagsusumite ng aplikasyon sa takdang oras ay isang mahigpit na **pangangailangan**.
system
[Pangngalan]

a procedure or process for obtaining an objective

sistema, pamamaraan

sistema, pamamaraan

to forbid
[Pandiwa]

to not give permission typically through the use of authority, rules, etc.

bawal,  ipagbawal

bawal, ipagbawal

Ex: The law forbids smoking in public places like restaurants and bars .Ang batas ay **nagbabawal** sa paninigarilyo sa mga pampublikong lugar tulad ng mga restawran at bar.
Cambridge English: FCE (B2 First)
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