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Naturvetenskap SAT - Medicinska Vetenskaper

Här kommer du att lära dig några engelska ord relaterade till medicinska vetenskaper, såsom "embryo", "förebyggande", "obduktion" etc., som du behöver för att klara dina SAT.

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SAT Vocabulary for Natural Sciences
pharmacologist
[Substantiv]

a scientist specializing in the study of drugs, their effects on biological systems, and their development for therapeutic purposes

farmacolog, specialist inom farmakologi

farmacolog, specialist inom farmakologi

Ex: Pharmacologists contribute to advancements in medicine by identifying potential drug targets and developing new therapeutic interventions .**Farmakologer** bidrar till framsteg inom medicinen genom att identifiera potentiella läkemedelsmål och utveckla nya terapeutiska interventioner.
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radiologist
[Substantiv]

a medical specialist who specializes in diagnosing and treating injuries using radioactive substances and X-rays

radiolog, specialist i radiologi

radiolog, specialist i radiologi

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pathologist
[Substantiv]

a medical professional who specializes in studying and diagnosing diseases by examining tissues, cells, and bodily fluids

patolog

patolog

Ex: Pathologists contribute essential information that guides treatment plans for various health conditions .
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pediatrician
[Substantiv]

a doctor who specializes in the treatment of children

barnläkare, pediatriker

barnläkare, pediatriker

Ex: The new parents were relieved to find a pediatrician who was both knowledgeable and compassionate .De nya föräldrarna var lättade över att hitta en **barnläkare** som var både kunnig och medkännande.
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psychologist
[Substantiv]

a professional who studies behavior and mental processes to understand and treat psychological disorders and improve overall mental health

psykolog, specialist i psykologi

psykolog, specialist i psykologi

Ex: The psychologist emphasized the importance of self-care and mindfulness practices during therapy sessions .**Psykologen** betonade vikten av självomsorg och mindfulnesspraktiker under terapisektioner.
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veterinarian
[Substantiv]

a doctor who is trained to treat animals

veterinär, djurläkare

veterinär, djurläkare

Ex: He pursued advanced training in exotic animal medicine to become a zoo veterinarian.Han genomgick avancerad utbildning i exotisk djursjukvård för att bli en **veterinär** på en djurpark.
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dysfunction
[Substantiv]

the impaired or abnormal functioning of an organ, system, or biological process, often resulting in diminished efficiency or health consequences

dysfunktion, funktionsstörning

dysfunktion, funktionsstörning

Ex: Environmental factors can contribute to dysfunction in ecosystems , disrupting natural balance and biodiversity .Miljöfaktorer kan bidra till **dysfunktion** i ekosystem, vilket stör den naturliga balansen och den biologiska mångfalden.
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to find out the cause of a problem or disease that a person has by examining the symptoms

diagnostisera, fastställa orsaken

diagnostisera, fastställa orsaken

Ex: Experts often diagnose conditions based on observable symptoms .Experter **diagnostiserar** ofta tillstånd baserat på observerbara symptom.
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to give someone medicine, drugs, etc.

administrera, ge

administrera, ge

Ex: The veterinarian skillfully administered the vaccine to the dog during its annual check-up .Veterinären skickligt **administrerade** vaccinet till hunden under dess årliga kontroll.
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therapeutic
[adjektiv]

(of medicine) related to actions that heal, alleviate, or prevent health issues

terapeutisk

terapeutisk

Ex: Therapeutic medications are prescribed to manage symptoms .**Terapeutiska** läkemedel ordineras för att hantera symptom.
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restorative
[Substantiv]

treatments or therapies aimed at restoring health, function, or vitality to a person or part of the body

återställande,  reparerande

återställande, reparerande

Ex: Palliative care focuses on both curative and restorative measures to improve the quality of life for patients with chronic illnesses.Palliativ vård fokuserar på både botande och **återställande** åtgärder för att förbättra livskvaliteten för patienter med kroniska sjukdomar.
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invasive
[adjektiv]

(of medical procedures) comprising cutting into the body or body cavities

invasiv, genomträngande

invasiv, genomträngande

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preventative
[adjektiv]

designed to stop something harmful from happening, especially related to health or diseases

förebyggande, profylaktisk

förebyggande, profylaktisk

Ex: The clinic offers various preventative screenings to detect potential health issues early on .Kliniken erbjuder olika **förebyggande** screeningar för att upptäcka potentiella hälsoproblem i ett tidigt skede.
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inoculation
[Substantiv]

the process of boosting the immunity system of a person or animal against a disease by vaccination

inokulering, vaccinering

inokulering, vaccinering

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side effect
[Substantiv]

a secondary effect of any drug or medicine, usually an undesirable one

biverkning

biverkning

Ex: Although the pain reliever worked well for her headaches , she decided to stop taking it due to the unpleasant side effects that interfered with her daily activities .Även om smärtstillaren fungerade bra för hennes huvudvärk, bestämde hon sig för att sluta ta den på grund av de obehagliga **biverkningarna** som störde hennes dagliga aktiviteter.
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immunodeficiency
[Substantiv]

a condition where the immune system is weakened, making the person more vulnerable to infections and illnesses

immunbrist

immunbrist

Ex: Immunodeficiency may be characterized by a lack of immune system components , like T cells or antibodies .**Immunbrist** kan kännetecknas av brist på komponenter i immunsystemet, såsom T-celler eller antikroppar.
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immune response
[Substantiv]

the body's defensive reaction to foreign substances, such as bacteria, viruses, or toxins, involving the activation of immune cells and the production of antibodies

immunsvar, immunreaktion

immunsvar, immunreaktion

Ex: The immune response can sometimes mistakenly target the body 's own tissues , leading to autoimmune diseases .**Immunsvaret** kan ibland missta och rikta in sig på kroppens egna vävnader, vilket leder till autoimmuna sjukdomar.
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phagotherapy
[Substantiv]

a medical treatment that uses bacteriophages, or viruses that specifically target and kill bacteria, to combat bacterial infections

fagoterapi, behandling med bakteriofager

fagoterapi, behandling med bakteriofager

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placebo
[Substantiv]

a medicine without any physiological effect that is given to a control group in an experiment to measure the effectiveness of a new drug or to patients who think they need medicine when in reality they do not

placebo, placebomedicin

placebo, placebomedicin

Ex: Placebo-controlled studies help researchers determine if the observed effects of a new treatment are due to the medication's pharmacological properties or psychological factors.**Placebo**-kontrollerade studier hjälper forskare att avgöra om de observerade effekterna av en ny behandling beror på läkemedlets farmakologiska egenskaper eller psykologiska faktorer.
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infective
[adjektiv]

related to an infection or having the ability to cause an infection

infektiös, smittsam

infektiös, smittsam

Ex: Infective endocarditis is a serious condition caused by bacteria entering the bloodstream .**Infektiös** endokardit är ett allvarligt tillstånd orsakat av bakterier som kommer in i blodomloppet.
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pathogen
[Substantiv]

any organism that can cause diseases

patogen, sjukdomsalstrande

patogen, sjukdomsalstrande

Ex: The pathogen responsible for malaria is transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected mosquito .**Patogenen** som orsakar malaria överförs till människor genom bettet från en infekterad mygga.
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homeostasis
[Substantiv]

the tendency of an organism or cell to regulate its internal environment and maintain a stable, balanced condition, despite external changes

homeostas, inre balans

homeostas, inre balans

Ex: The release of hormones like adrenaline during stress is part of the body 's response to maintain homeostasis in challenging situations .Frisättningen av hormoner som adrenalin under stress är en del av kroppens svar för att upprätthålla **homeostas** i utmanande situationer.
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psychiatric
[adjektiv]

relating to the study and treatment of mental illness

psykiatrisk, relaterad till psykiatri

psykiatrisk, relaterad till psykiatri

Ex: He specializes in psychiatric research focusing on schizophrenia .Han specialiserar sig på **psykiatrisk** forskning som fokuserar på schizofreni.
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prenatal
[adjektiv]

related to the period occurring or existing before birth, specifically in relation to the development and care of the fetus during pregnancy

prenatal, födelseföregående

prenatal, födelseföregående

Ex: Prenatal yoga classes provide gentle exercises suitable for pregnant women**Prenatala** yogaklasser ger milda övningar som är lämpliga för gravida kvinnor.
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embryo
[Substantiv]

an unhatched or unborn offspring in the process of development, especially a human offspring roughly from the second to the eighth week after fertilization

embryo, foster

embryo, foster

Ex: Ethical debates often arise around the use of human embryos in stem cell research and medical treatments .Etiska debatter uppstår ofta kring användningen av mänskliga **embryon** i stamcellsforskning och medicinska behandlingar.
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developmental
[adjektiv]

related to the process of growth, progress, or improvement over time

utvecklings-, relaterad till utveckling

utvecklings-, relaterad till utveckling

Ex: Developmental opportunities within the company support employees ' career growth and skill enhancement .**Utvecklingsmöjligheter** inom företaget stödjer anställdas karriärtillväxt och färdighetsutveckling.
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lymphoid
[adjektiv]

related to or resembling lymph or the tissues where lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell, are produced

lymfoid, lymfatisk

lymfoid, lymfatisk

Ex: Lymphoid malignancies, such as lymphoma, require specialized treatment and care.**Lymfoida** maligniteter, såsom lymfom, kräver specialiserad behandling och vård.
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lesion
[Substantiv]

a region in an organ or tissue that has suffered damage through injury, disease, or other causes

läsion

läsion

Ex: The athlete visited the sports medicine specialist for an evaluation of a knee lesion sustained during training .Atleten besökte specialisten i idrottsmedicin för en utvärdering av en **skada** i knäet som uppstod under träningen.
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fibrosis
[Substantiv]

the thickening and scarring of connective tissue, usually as a result of injury or long-term inflammation

fibros, skleros

fibros, skleros

Ex: The patient ’s kidney biopsy showed signs of fibrosis, indicating a long-standing condition .Patientens njurbiopsi visade tecken på **fibros**, vilket indikerar ett långvarigt tillstånd.
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to insert a living tissue or an artificial object into the body via medical procedure

implantera, inplantera

implantera, inplantera

Ex: To treat severe arthritis , the orthopedic surgeon suggested implanting an artificial joint in the patient 's knee .För att behandla svår artros föreslog ortopedkirurgen att **implantera** en artificiell led i patientens knä.
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autopsy
[Substantiv]

an examination of a deceased person's organs to determine the cause of death

obduktion, post mortem-undersökning

obduktion, post mortem-undersökning

Ex: The medical examiner 's thorough autopsy contributed to our understanding of the tragedy .Den noggranna **obduktionen** av den medicinska undersökaren bidrog till vår förståelse av tragedin.
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pharmaceutical
[Substantiv]

relating to the production of drugs or medicine used for medicinal purposes

farmaceutisk, läkemedel

farmaceutisk, läkemedel

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systolic
[adjektiv]

relating to the phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle contracts and pumps blood into the arteries

systolisk

systolisk

Ex: The systolic phase of the cardiac cycle is crucial for delivering oxygenated blood throughout the body .Den **systoliska** fasen av hjärtcykeln är avgörande för att leverera syrerikt blod i hela kroppen.
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antiseptic
[Substantiv]

a substance that prevents infection when applied to a wound, especially by killing bacteria

antiseptikum, desinfektionsmedel

antiseptikum, desinfektionsmedel

Ex: The doctor recommended using an antiseptic mouthwash to maintain oral hygiene.Läkaren rekommenderade användning av ett **antiseptiskt** munvatten för att upprätthålla munhygien.
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ascorbic acid
[Substantiv]

a vitamin that helps keep the body cells healthy and supports the immune system, commonly found in fruits like orange and vegetables like tomatoes

askorbinsyra, C-vitamin

askorbinsyra, C-vitamin

Ex: Maintaining a balanced diet ensures an adequate intake of ascorbic acid for overall well-being .Att upprätthålla en balanserad kost säkerställer en tillräcklig intag av **askorbinsyra** för allmänt välbefinnande.
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digestive system
[Substantiv]

the group of organs inside the body that absorb the food and pass the waste

matsmältningssystem, digestionssystem

matsmältningssystem, digestionssystem

Ex: Disorders of the digestive system, like gastritis or Crohn 's disease , can significantly impact overall health and well-being .Sjukdomar i **matsmältningssystemet**, som gastrit eller Crohns sjukdom, kan avsevärt påverka den allmänna hälsan och välbefinnandet.
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respiratory
[adjektiv]

related to the process of breathing and the organs involved in it, such as the lungs and airways

respiratorisk

respiratorisk

Ex: Respiratory distress , characterized by difficulty breathing , requires immediate medical attention .**Andnings**besvär, som kännetecknas av svårigheter att andas, kräver omedelbar medicinsk uppmärksamhet.
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probiotic
[Substantiv]

a live microorganism, typically bacteria or yeast, that is beneficial to health, especially the digestive system

probiotika, levande mikroorganism som är hälsosam

probiotika, levande mikroorganism som är hälsosam

Ex: Fermented foods like kimchi and sauerkraut are rich in probiotics.Fermenterade livsmedel som kimchi och surkål är rika på **probiotika**.
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to clean something thoroughly to reduce or eliminate germs, bacteria, or other harmful microorganisms

sanera, desinficera

sanera, desinficera

Ex: The grocery store employee is sanitizing shopping carts for the next customers .Livsmedelsbutikens anställd **saniterar** kundvagnarna för nästa kunder.
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gestational
[adjektiv]

relating to pregnancy or the period of carrying offspring in the womb

graviditetsrelaterad, som rör graviditet

graviditetsrelaterad, som rör graviditet

Ex: The clinic specializes in gestational care , providing support throughout pregnancy .Kliniken specialiserar sig på **graviditets**vård och ger stöd under hela graviditeten.
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sputum
[Substantiv]

mucus or phlegm that is coughed up from the respiratory tract, typically as a result of infection or disease

sputum, slem

sputum, slem

Ex: Effective treatment of pneumonia often involves clearing the lungs of sputum to improve breathing .Effektiv behandling av lunginflammation innebär ofta att rensa lungorna från **sputum** för att förbättra andningen.
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phlegm
[Substantiv]

the thick mucus that is formed in the nasal and throat cavities, usually secreted in excessive amounts as a result of common cold

slem, flämt

slem, flämt

Ex: Over-the-counter medications may help to reduce phlegm production and alleviate symptoms of congestion and coughing .Receptfria läkemedel kan hjälpa till att minska produktionen av **slem** och lindra symptom på täppt näsa och hosta.
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a medical imaging technique that uses a small amount of radioactive tracer material to diagnose and monitor diseases such as cancer, heart disease, and neurological disorders

positronemissionstomografi, PET

positronemissionstomografi, PET

Ex: PET scans are often combined with CT or MRI scans for more comprehensive diagnostic evaluation.**Positronemissionstomografi**-skanningar kombineras ofta med CT- eller MR-skanningar för en mer omfattande diagnostisk utvärdering.
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respiration
[Substantiv]

(anatomy) the act or process of breathing

andning

andning

Ex: Infants exhibit rapid respiration rates compared to adults , reflecting their developing respiratory systems .Spädbarn uppvisar snabba **andnings**hastigheter jämfört med vuxna, vilket speglar deras utvecklande andningssystem.
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tonic
[Substantiv]

a drug that makes one feel stronger, healthier, or better, particularly used to treat exhaustion

tonikum, stärkande medel

tonikum, stärkande medel

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menopause
[Substantiv]

the natural biological process that marks the end of a woman's menstrual cycles, typically occurring around the age of 50

menopaus

menopaus

Ex: Regular exercise and a healthy diet can help manage weight gain during menopause.Regelbunden träning och en hälsosam diet kan hjälpa till att hantera viktökning under **menopausen**.
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body mass index
[Substantiv]

a numerical measure of an individual's body fat based on their weight and height, often used to assess and categorize body weight in relation to health

kroppsmassindex, BMI

kroppsmassindex, BMI

Ex: Regular exercise and a balanced diet contribute to achieving and maintaining a healthy body mass index.Regelbunden träning och en balanserad kost bidrar till att uppnå och upprätthålla ett hälsosamt **kroppsmassaindex**.
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rapid eye movement
[Substantiv]

a stage of sleep characterized by rapid eye movements, vivid dreaming, and muscle paralysis, important for cognitive restoration and memory consolidation

snabb ögonrörelse, paradoxal sömn

snabb ögonrörelse, paradoxal sömn

Ex: Sleep disorders such as REM behavior disorder can disrupt normal REM sleep cycles.Sömnstörningar som **rapid eye movement** beteendestörning kan störa de normala REM-sömncyklerna.
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