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Естественные Науки SAT - Медицинские Науки

Здесь вы выучите некоторые английские слова, связанные с медицинскими науками, такие как "эмбрион", "профилактический", "вскрытие" и т.д., которые вам понадобятся для успешной сдачи SAT.

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SAT Vocabulary for Natural Sciences
pharmacologist
pharmacologist
[существительное]

a scientist specializing in the study of drugs, their effects on biological systems, and their development for therapeutic purposes

фармаколог, специалист по фармакологии

фармаколог, специалист по фармакологии

Ex: The pharmacologist conducted experiments to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a new drug candidate. 
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radiologist
radiologist
[существительное]

a medical specialist who specializes in diagnosing and treating injuries using radioactive substances and X-rays

рентгенолог

рентгенолог

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pathologist
pathologist
[существительное]

a medical professional who specializes in studying and diagnosing diseases by examining tissues, cells, and bodily fluids

патолог

патолог

Ex: The pathologist plays a key role in understanding the causes and nature of diseases. 
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pediatrician
pediatrician
[существительное]

a doctor who specializes in the treatment of children

педиатр

педиатр

Ex: She took her baby to the pediatrician for routine check-ups and vaccinations. 
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psychologist
psychologist
[существительное]

a professional who studies behavior and mental processes to understand and treat psychological disorders and improve overall mental health

психолог

психолог

Ex: The psychologist counseled patients struggling with anxiety and depression. 
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veterinarian
veterinarian
[существительное]

a doctor who is trained to treat animals

ветеринар

ветеринар

Ex: She's been working as a veterinarian at a local animal clinic for over twenty years. 
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dysfunction
dysfunction
[существительное]

the impaired or abnormal functioning of an organ, system, or biological process, often resulting in diminished efficiency or health consequences

дисфункция, нарушение функции

дисфункция, нарушение функции

Ex: Chronic stress can lead to dysfunction of the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to infections. 
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to diagnose
to diagnose
[глагол]

to find out the cause of a problem or disease that a person has by examining the symptoms

диагностировать

диагностировать

Ex: Doctors use various tests to diagnose medical conditions accurately. 
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to administer
to administer
[глагол]

to give someone medicine, drugs, etc.

вводить

вводить

Ex: The nurse carefully administered the medication to the patient, ensuring the correct dosage was given. 
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therapeutic
therapeutic
[прилагательное]

(of medicine) related to actions that heal, alleviate, or prevent health issues

лечебный

лечебный

Ex: Therapeutic treatments focus on healing and recovery. 
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restorative
restorative
[существительное]

treatments or therapies aimed at restoring health, function, or vitality to a person or part of the body

восстановительный,  реставрационный

восстановительный, реставрационный

Ex: Physical therapists often prescribe restorative exercises to strengthen muscles and improve mobility after injury. 
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invasive
invasive
[прилагательное]

(of medical procedures) comprising cutting into the body or body cavities

инвазивный

инвазивный

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preventative
preventative
[прилагательное]

designed to stop something harmful from happening, especially related to health or diseases

профилактический, предупредительный

профилактический, предупредительный

Ex: The doctor recommended a preventative vaccine to avoid the flu this season. 
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inoculation
inoculation
[существительное]

the process of boosting the immunity system of a person or animal against a disease by vaccination

прививка

прививка

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side effect
side effect
[существительное]

a secondary effect of any drug or medicine, usually an undesirable one

побочный эффект

побочный эффект

Ex: While the new medication effectively managed her symptoms, she was concerned about the potential side effects, including nausea and fatigue. 
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immunodeficiency
immunodeficiency
[существительное]

a condition where the immune system is weakened, making the person more vulnerable to infections and illnesses

иммунодефицит

иммунодефицит

Ex: Immunodeficiency disorders can be inherited or acquired, affecting the body's ability to fight infections. 
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immune response
immune response
[существительное]

the body's defensive reaction to foreign substances, such as bacteria, viruses, or toxins, involving the activation of immune cells and the production of antibodies

иммунный ответ, иммунная реакция

иммунный ответ, иммунная реакция

Ex: The vaccine works by stimulating the immune response to build resistance against the virus. 
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phagotherapy
phagotherapy
[существительное]

a medical treatment that uses bacteriophages, or viruses that specifically target and kill bacteria, to combat bacterial infections

фаготерапия, лечение бактериофагами

фаготерапия, лечение бактериофагами

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placebo
placebo
[существительное]

a medicine without any physiological effect that is given to a control group in an experiment to measure the effectiveness of a new drug or to patients who think they need medicine when in reality they do not

плацебо

плацебо

Ex: In the clinical trial, half of the participants received the experimental drug while the other half received a placebo. 
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infective
infective
[прилагательное]

related to an infection or having the ability to cause an infection

инфекционный, заразный

инфекционный, заразный

Ex: The infective bacteria spread quickly through the contaminated water supply. 
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pathogen
pathogen
[существительное]

any organism that can cause diseases

патоген

патоген

Ex: The laboratory tests confirmed the presence of a bacterial pathogen responsible for the patient's severe food poisoning. 
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homeostasis
homeostasis
[существительное]

the tendency of an organism or cell to regulate its internal environment and maintain a stable, balanced condition, despite external changes

гомеостаз, внутреннее равновесие

гомеостаз, внутреннее равновесие

Ex: Sweating to cool down the body temperature is an example of homeostasis in response to external heat. 
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psychiatric
psychiatric
[прилагательное]

relating to the study and treatment of mental illness

психиатрический

психиатрический

Ex: She sought psychiatric help to manage her anxiety disorder. 
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prenatal
prenatal
[прилагательное]

related to the period occurring or existing before birth, specifically in relation to the development and care of the fetus during pregnancy

пренатальный, антенатальный

пренатальный, антенатальный

Ex: Prenatal vitamins are recommended for expectant mothers to support fetal development 
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embryo
embryo
[существительное]

an unhatched or unborn offspring in the process of development, especially a human offspring roughly from the second to the eighth week after fertilization

зародыш

зародыш

Ex: During the first trimester, the human embryo undergoes rapid cell division and differentiation to form essential organs. 
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developmental
developmental
[прилагательное]

related to the process of growth, progress, or improvement over time

развивающий

развивающий

Ex: The developmental stage of the project focuses on research and planning. 
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lymphoid
lymphoid
[прилагательное]

related to or resembling lymph or the tissues where lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell, are produced

лимфоидный, лимфатический

лимфоидный, лимфатический

Ex: The lymphoid organs, such as the spleen and lymph nodes, play a crucial role in the immune system. 
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lesion
lesion
[существительное]

an injury or wound to living tissue, often involving a cut, break, or trauma to the skin

поражение, травма

поражение, травма

Ex: The patient had a small lesion on his forearm. 
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fibrosis
fibrosis
[существительное]

the thickening and scarring of connective tissue, usually as a result of injury or long-term inflammation

фиброз, склероз

фиброз, склероз

Ex: Chronic hepatitis can lead to fibrosis of the liver over time. 
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to implant
to implant
[глагол]

to insert a living tissue or an artificial object into the body via medical procedure

имплантировать

имплантировать

Ex: The surgeon successfully implanted a pacemaker to regulate the patient's heartbeat. 
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autopsy
autopsy
[существительное]

an examination of a deceased person's organs to determine the cause of death

вскрытие трупа

вскрытие трупа

Ex: Autopsies are crucial for investigating and determining the cause of death. 
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pharmaceutical
pharmaceutical
[существительное]

a medicinal drug, especially one manufactured or dispensed for use in diagnosis, treatment, or prevention of disease

фармацевтический препарат

фармацевтический препарат

Ex: The clinic stocked several generics and one specialty pharmaceutical for rare metabolic disorders. 
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systolic
systolic
[прилагательное]

relating to the phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle contracts and pumps blood into the arteries

систолический

систолический

Ex: The doctor noted a high systolic blood pressure reading during the patient's check-up. 
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antiseptic
antiseptic
[существительное]

a substance that prevents infection when applied to a wound, especially by killing bacteria

антисептик

антисептик

Ex: She cleaned the cut with antiseptic before applying a bandage to prevent infection. 
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ascorbic acid
ascorbic acid
[существительное]

a vitamin that helps keep the body cells healthy and supports the immune system, commonly found in fruits like orange and vegetables like tomatoes

аскорбиновая кислота, витамин C

аскорбиновая кислота, витамин C

Ex: Oranges contain a high amount of ascorbic acid, which is also known as vitamin C. 
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digestive system
digestive system
[существительное]

the group of organs inside the body that absorb the food and pass the waste

пищеварительная система

пищеварительная система

Ex: Within the digestive system, enzymes and acids collaborate to break down food into smaller molecules for absorption. 
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respiratory
respiratory
[прилагательное]

related to the process of breathing and the organs involved in it, such as the lungs and airways

респираторный

респираторный

Ex: Respiratory infections, like the common cold or pneumonia, affect the airways and lungs. 
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probiotic
probiotic
[существительное]

a live microorganism, typically bacteria or yeast, that is beneficial to health, especially the digestive system

пробиотик, полезный живой микроорганизм

пробиотик, полезный живой микроорганизм

Ex: She started taking probiotics daily to improve her gut health. 
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to sanitize
to sanitize
[глагол]

to clean something thoroughly to reduce or eliminate germs, bacteria, or other harmful microorganisms

дезинфицировать, обеззараживать

дезинфицировать, обеззараживать

Ex: After preparing raw meat, it's important to sanitize the cutting board to prevent cross-contamination. 
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gestational
gestational
[прилагательное]

relating to pregnancy or the period of carrying offspring in the womb

гестационный, относящийся к беременности

гестационный, относящийся к беременности

Ex: Gestational diabetes is a form of diabetes that occurs during pregnancy. 
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sputum
sputum
[существительное]

mucus or phlegm that is coughed up from the respiratory tract, typically as a result of infection or disease

мокрота, слизь

мокрота, слизь

Ex: The doctor asked the patient to provide a sample of sputum for laboratory analysis. 
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phlegm
phlegm
[существительное]

the thick mucus that is formed in the nasal and throat cavities, usually secreted in excessive amounts as a result of common cold

мокрота

мокрота

Ex: The common cold often causes an increase in phlegm production, leading to congestion and coughing. 
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positron emission tomography
positron emission tomography
[существительное]

a medical imaging technique that uses a small amount of radioactive tracer material to diagnose and monitor diseases such as cancer, heart disease, and neurological disorders

позитронно-эмиссионная томография, ПЭТ

позитронно-эмиссионная томография, ПЭТ

Ex: The PET scan revealed a hot spot indicating increased metabolic activity in the brain. 
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respiration
respiration
[существительное]

(anatomy) the act or process of breathing

дыхание

дыхание

Ex: Respiration involves the intake of oxygen and the release of carbon dioxide by the lungs. 
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tonic
tonic
[существительное]

a drug that makes one feel stronger, healthier, or better, particularly used to treat exhaustion

тонизирующее средство

тонизирующее средство

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menopause
menopause
[существительное]

the natural biological process that marks the end of a woman's menstrual cycles, typically occurring around the age of 50

менопауза

менопауза

Ex: Many women experience hot flashes and mood swings during menopause. 
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body mass index
body mass index
[существительное]

a numerical measure of an individual's body fat based on their weight and height, often used to assess and categorize body weight in relation to health

индекс массы тела, ИМТ

индекс массы тела, ИМТ

Ex: The doctor calculated the patient's body mass index to evaluate their overall health. 
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rapid eye movement
rapid eye movement
[существительное]

a stage of sleep characterized by rapid eye movements, vivid dreaming, and muscle paralysis, important for cognitive restoration and memory consolidation

быстрое движение глаз, парадоксальный сон

быстрое движение глаз, парадоксальный сон

Ex: During REM sleep, brain activity resembles that of wakefulness, despite muscle immobility. 
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