自然科学SAT - 医学科学

a scientist specializing in the study of drugs, their effects on biological systems, and their development for therapeutic purposes

药理学家, 药物科学家

a medical specialist who specializes in diagnosing and treating injuries using radioactive substances and X-rays

放射科医生, 放射学专家

a medical professional who specializes in studying and diagnosing diseases by examining tissues, cells, and bodily fluids

病理学家, 医学病理学家

a doctor who specializes in the treatment of children

儿科医生, 小儿科医生

a professional who studies behavior and mental processes to understand and treat psychological disorders and improve overall mental health

心理学家

a doctor who is trained to treat animals

兽医, 动物医生

the impaired or abnormal functioning of an organ, system, or biological process, often resulting in diminished efficiency or health consequences

功能障碍, 异常功能

to find out the cause of a problem or what disease a person has by examining the symptoms

诊断, 确定

to give someone medicine, drugs, etc.

管理, 给予（药物）

(of medicine) related to actions that heal, alleviate, or prevent health issues

治疗的

treatments or therapies aimed at restoring health, function, or vitality to a person or part of the body

恢复性, 修复性

(of medical procedures) comprising cutting into the body or body cavities

侵入性的, 侵袭性的

designed to stop something harmful from happening, especially related to health or diseases

预防的, 防止的

the process of boosting the immunity system of a person or animal against a disease by vaccination

接种, 疫苗接种

a secondary effect of any drug or medicine, usually an undesirable one

副作用, 不良反应

a condition where the immune system is weakened, making the person more vulnerable to infections and illnesses

免疫缺陷

the body's defensive reaction to foreign substances, such as bacteria, viruses, or toxins, involving the activation of immune cells and the production of antibodies

免疫反应, 免疫应答

a medical treatment that uses bacteriophages, or viruses that specifically target and kill bacteria, to combat bacterial infections

噬菌体疗法

a medicine without any physiological effect that is given to a control group in an experiment to measure the effectiveness of a new drug or to patients who think they need medicine when in reality they do not

安慰剂

related to an infection or having the ability to cause an infection

感染性的, 有感染能力的

any organism that can cause diseases

病原体, 病原

the tendency of an organism or cell to regulate its internal environment and maintain a stable, balanced condition, despite external changes

内稳态

relating to the study and treatment of mental illness

精神病的

related to the period occurring or existing before birth, specifically in relation to the development and care of the fetus during pregnancy

产前的, 胎儿前的

an unhatched or unborn offspring in the process of development, especially a human offspring roughly from the second to the eighth week after fertilization

胚胎

related to the process of growth, progress, or improvement over time

发展性的, 与发展有关的

related to or resembling lymph or the tissues where lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell, are produced

淋巴的

a region in an organ or tissue that has suffered damage through injury, disease, or other causes

病变

the thickening and scarring of connective tissue, usually as a result of injury or long-term inflammation

纤维化

to insert a living tissue or an artificial object into the body via medical procedure

植入, 插入

an examination of a deceased person's organs to determine the cause of death

尸检

relating to the production of drugs or medicine used for medicinal purposes

制药的, 药物

relating to the phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle contracts and pumps blood into the arteries

收缩期的

a substance that prevents infection when applied to a wound, especially by killing bacteria

杀菌剂

a vitamin that helps keep the body cells healthy and supports the immune system, commonly found in fruits like orange and vegetables like tomatoes

抗坏血酸, 维生素C

the group of organs inside the body that absorb the food and pass the waste

消化系统, 消化器官

related to the process of breathing and the organs involved in it, such as the lungs and airways

呼吸的, 与呼吸相关的

a live microorganism, typically bacteria or yeast, that is beneficial to health, especially the digestive system

益生菌, 有益微生物

to clean something thoroughly to reduce or eliminate germs, bacteria, or other harmful microorganisms

消毒, 清洁

relating to pregnancy or the period of carrying offspring in the womb

妊娠的, 与怀孕有关的

mucus or phlegm that is coughed up from the respiratory tract, typically as a result of infection or disease

痰, 痰液

the thick mucus that is formed in the nasal and throat cavities, usually secreted in excessive amounts as a result of common cold

痰, 粘液

a medical imaging technique that uses a small amount of radioactive tracer material to diagnose and monitor diseases such as cancer, heart disease, and neurological disorders

正电子发射断层扫描, PET扫描

(anatomy) the act or process of breathing

呼吸, 呼吸过程

a drug that makes one feel stronger, healthier, or better, particularly used to treat exhaustion

走马灯, 药剂

the natural biological process that marks the end of a woman's menstrual cycles, typically occurring around the age of 50

更年期

a numerical measure of an individual's body fat based on their weight and height, often used to assess and categorize body weight in relation to health

身体质量指数, BMI

a stage of sleep characterized by rapid eye movements, vivid dreaming, and muscle paralysis, important for cognitive restoration and memory consolidation

快速眼动, REM（快速眼动）