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Scienze Naturali SAT - Scienze Mediche

Qui imparerai alcune parole inglesi relative alle scienze mediche, come "embrione", "preventivo", "autopsia", ecc., che ti serviranno per superare i tuoi SAT.

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SAT Vocabulary for Natural Sciences
pharmacologist
[sostantivo]

a scientist specializing in the study of drugs, their effects on biological systems, and their development for therapeutic purposes

farmacologo, specialista in farmacologia

farmacologo, specialista in farmacologia

Ex: Pharmacologists contribute to advancements in medicine by identifying potential drug targets and developing new therapeutic interventions .I **farmacologi** contribuiscono ai progressi della medicina identificando potenziali bersagli farmacologici e sviluppando nuovi interventi terapeutici.
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radiologist
[sostantivo]

a medical specialist who specializes in diagnosing and treating injuries using radioactive substances and X-rays

radiologo

radiologo

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pathologist
[sostantivo]

a medical professional who specializes in studying and diagnosing diseases by examining tissues, cells, and bodily fluids

patologo

patologo

Ex: Pathologists contribute essential information that guides treatment plans for various health conditions .
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pediatrician
[sostantivo]

a doctor who specializes in the treatment of children

pediatra

pediatra

Ex: The new parents were relieved to find a pediatrician who was both knowledgeable and compassionate .I nuovi genitori sono stati sollevati nel trovare un **pediatra** che fosse sia competente che compassionevole.
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psychologist
[sostantivo]

a professional who studies behavior and mental processes to understand and treat psychological disorders and improve overall mental health

psicologo

psicologo

Ex: The psychologist emphasized the importance of self-care and mindfulness practices during therapy sessions .Lo **psicologo** ha sottolineato l'importanza delle pratiche di autocura e consapevolezza durante le sedute di terapia.
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veterinarian
[sostantivo]

a doctor who is trained to treat animals

veterinario

veterinario

Ex: He pursued advanced training in exotic animal medicine to become a zoo veterinarian.Ha intrapreso una formazione avanzata in medicina degli animali esotici per diventare **veterinario** dello zoo.
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dysfunction
[sostantivo]

the impaired or abnormal functioning of an organ, system, or biological process, often resulting in diminished efficiency or health consequences

disfunzione, mal funzionamento

disfunzione, mal funzionamento

Ex: Environmental factors can contribute to dysfunction in ecosystems , disrupting natural balance and biodiversity .I fattori ambientali possono contribuire alla **disfunzione** negli ecosistemi, sconvolgendo l'equilibrio naturale e la biodiversità.
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to find out the cause of a problem or disease that a person has by examining the symptoms

diagnosticare

diagnosticare

Ex: Experts often diagnose conditions based on observable symptoms .Gli esperti spesso **diagnosticano** condizioni basate su sintomi osservabili.
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to give someone medicine, drugs, etc.

somministrare

somministrare

Ex: The veterinarian skillfully administered the vaccine to the dog during its annual check-up .Il veterinario ha abilmente **somministrato** il vaccino al cane durante il suo controllo annuale.
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therapeutic
[aggettivo]

(of medicine) related to actions that heal, alleviate, or prevent health issues

terapeutico

terapeutico

Ex: Therapeutic medications are prescribed to manage symptoms .I farmaci **terapeutici** vengono prescritti per gestire i sintomi.
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restorative
[sostantivo]

treatments or therapies aimed at restoring health, function, or vitality to a person or part of the body

riparatore,  restauratore

riparatore, restauratore

Ex: Palliative care focuses on both curative and restorative measures to improve the quality of life for patients with chronic illnesses.Le cure palliative si concentrano sia su misure curative che **riparative** per migliorare la qualità della vita dei pazienti con malattie croniche.
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invasive
[aggettivo]

(of medical procedures) comprising cutting into the body or body cavities

invasivo

invasivo

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preventative
[aggettivo]

designed to stop something harmful from happening, especially related to health or diseases

preventivo, profilattico

preventivo, profilattico

Ex: The clinic offers various preventative screenings to detect potential health issues early on .La clinica offre vari screening **preventivi** per rilevare tempestivamente potenziali problemi di salute.
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inoculation
[sostantivo]

the process of boosting the immunity system of a person or animal against a disease by vaccination

inoculazione

inoculazione

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side effect
[sostantivo]

a secondary effect of any drug or medicine, usually an undesirable one

effetto collaterale

effetto collaterale

Ex: Although the pain reliever worked well for her headaches , she decided to stop taking it due to the unpleasant side effects that interfered with her daily activities .Sebbene l'antidolorifico funzionasse bene per il suo mal di testa, decise di smettere di prenderlo a causa degli spiacevoli **effetti collaterali** che interferivano con le sue attività quotidiane.
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immunodeficiency
[sostantivo]

a condition where the immune system is weakened, making the person more vulnerable to infections and illnesses

immunodeficienza

immunodeficienza

Ex: Immunodeficiency may be characterized by a lack of immune system components , like T cells or antibodies .**Immunodeficienza** può essere caratterizzata da una mancanza di componenti del sistema immunitario, come i linfociti T o gli anticorpi.
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immune response
[sostantivo]

the body's defensive reaction to foreign substances, such as bacteria, viruses, or toxins, involving the activation of immune cells and the production of antibodies

risposta immunitaria, reazione immunitaria

risposta immunitaria, reazione immunitaria

Ex: The immune response can sometimes mistakenly target the body 's own tissues , leading to autoimmune diseases .La **risposta immunitaria** a volte può erroneamente prendere di mira i tessuti del corpo, portando a malattie autoimmuni.
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phagotherapy
[sostantivo]

a medical treatment that uses bacteriophages, or viruses that specifically target and kill bacteria, to combat bacterial infections

fagoterapia, trattamento con batteriofagi

fagoterapia, trattamento con batteriofagi

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placebo
[sostantivo]

a medicine without any physiological effect that is given to a control group in an experiment to measure the effectiveness of a new drug or to patients who think they need medicine when in reality they do not

placebo

placebo

Ex: Placebo-controlled studies help researchers determine if the observed effects of a new treatment are due to the medication's pharmacological properties or psychological factors.Gli studi controllati con **placebo** aiutano i ricercatori a determinare se gli effetti osservati di un nuovo trattamento sono dovuti alle proprietà farmacologiche del farmaco o a fattori psicologici.
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infective
[aggettivo]

related to an infection or having the ability to cause an infection

infettivo, contagioso

infettivo, contagioso

Ex: Infective endocarditis is a serious condition caused by bacteria entering the bloodstream .L'endocardite **infettiva** è una condizione grave causata da batteri che entrano nel flusso sanguigno.
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pathogen
[sostantivo]

any organism that can cause diseases

patogeno

patogeno

Ex: The pathogen responsible for malaria is transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected mosquito .Il **patogeno** responsabile della malaria viene trasmesso all'uomo attraverso la puntura di una zanzara infetta.
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homeostasis
[sostantivo]

the tendency of an organism or cell to regulate its internal environment and maintain a stable, balanced condition, despite external changes

omeostasi, equilibrio interno

omeostasi, equilibrio interno

Ex: The release of hormones like adrenaline during stress is part of the body 's response to maintain homeostasis in challenging situations .Il rilascio di ormoni come l'adrenalina durante lo stress fa parte della risposta dell'organismo per mantenere l'**omeostasi** in situazioni difficili.
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psychiatric
[aggettivo]

relating to the study and treatment of mental illness

psichiatrico

psichiatrico

Ex: He specializes in psychiatric research focusing on schizophrenia .Si specializza in ricerca **psichiatrica** focalizzata sulla schizofrenia.
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prenatal
[aggettivo]

related to the period occurring or existing before birth, specifically in relation to the development and care of the fetus during pregnancy

prenatale, antenatale

prenatale, antenatale

Ex: Prenatal yoga classes provide gentle exercises suitable for pregnant womenLe lezioni di yoga **prenatale** forniscono esercizi delicati adatti alle donne in gravidanza.
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embryo
[sostantivo]

an unhatched or unborn offspring in the process of development, especially a human offspring roughly from the second to the eighth week after fertilization

embrione

embrione

Ex: Ethical debates often arise around the use of human embryos in stem cell research and medical treatments .I dibattiti etici spesso sorgono intorno all'uso di **embrioni** umani nella ricerca sulle cellule staminali e nei trattamenti medici.
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developmental
[aggettivo]

related to the process of growth, progress, or improvement over time

evolutivo

evolutivo

Ex: Developmental opportunities within the company support employees ' career growth and skill enhancement .Le opportunità **di sviluppo** all'interno dell'azienda supportano la crescita professionale e il miglioramento delle competenze dei dipendenti.
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lymphoid
[aggettivo]

related to or resembling lymph or the tissues where lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell, are produced

linfoide, linfatico

linfoide, linfatico

Ex: Lymphoid malignancies, such as lymphoma, require specialized treatment and care.Le neoplasie maligne **linfoidi**, come il linfoma, richiedono un trattamento e una cura specializzati.
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lesion
[sostantivo]

a region in an organ or tissue that has suffered damage through injury, disease, or other causes

lesione

lesione

Ex: The athlete visited the sports medicine specialist for an evaluation of a knee lesion sustained during training .L'atleta ha visitato lo specialista in medicina sportiva per una valutazione di una **lesione** al ginocchio subita durante l'allenamento.
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fibrosis
[sostantivo]

the thickening and scarring of connective tissue, usually as a result of injury or long-term inflammation

fibrosi, sclerosi

fibrosi, sclerosi

Ex: The patient ’s kidney biopsy showed signs of fibrosis, indicating a long-standing condition .La biopsia renale del paziente ha mostrato segni di **fibrosi**, indicando una condizione di lunga data.
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to implant
[Verbo]

to insert a living tissue or an artificial object into the body via medical procedure

impiantare

impiantare

Ex: To treat severe arthritis , the orthopedic surgeon suggested implanting an artificial joint in the patient 's knee .Per trattare l'artrite grave, il chirurgo ortopedico ha suggerito di **impiantare** un'articolazione artificiale nel ginocchio del paziente.
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autopsy
[sostantivo]

an examination of a deceased person's organs to determine the cause of death

autopsia, esame post mortem

autopsia, esame post mortem

Ex: The medical examiner 's thorough autopsy contributed to our understanding of the tragedy .L'**autopsia** accurata del medico legale ha contribuito alla nostra comprensione della tragedia.
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pharmaceutical
[sostantivo]

relating to the production of drugs or medicine used for medicinal purposes

farmaceutico

farmaceutico

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systolic
[aggettivo]

relating to the phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle contracts and pumps blood into the arteries

sistolico

sistolico

Ex: The systolic phase of the cardiac cycle is crucial for delivering oxygenated blood throughout the body .La fase **sistolica** del ciclo cardiaco è cruciale per distribuire il sangue ossigenato in tutto il corpo.
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antiseptic
[sostantivo]

a substance that prevents infection when applied to a wound, especially by killing bacteria

antisettico

antisettico

Ex: The doctor recommended using an antiseptic mouthwash to maintain oral hygiene.Il medico ha raccomandato di usare un collutorio **antisettico** per mantenere l'igiene orale.
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ascorbic acid
[sostantivo]

a vitamin that helps keep the body cells healthy and supports the immune system, commonly found in fruits like orange and vegetables like tomatoes

acido ascorbico, vitamina C

acido ascorbico, vitamina C

Ex: Maintaining a balanced diet ensures an adequate intake of ascorbic acid for overall well-being .Mantenere una dieta equilibrata assicura un adeguato apporto di **acido ascorbico** per il benessere generale.
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digestive system
[sostantivo]

the group of organs inside the body that absorb the food and pass the waste

digerente

digerente

Ex: Disorders of the digestive system, like gastritis or Crohn 's disease , can significantly impact overall health and well-being .I disturbi del **sistema digestivo**, come la gastrite o il morbo di Crohn, possono influire significativamente sulla salute e sul benessere generale.
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respiratory
[aggettivo]

related to the process of breathing and the organs involved in it, such as the lungs and airways

respiratorio

respiratorio

Ex: Respiratory distress , characterized by difficulty breathing , requires immediate medical attention .L'angoscia **respiratoria**, caratterizzata da difficoltà respiratorie, richiede immediata attenzione medica.
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probiotic
[sostantivo]

a live microorganism, typically bacteria or yeast, that is beneficial to health, especially the digestive system

probiotico, microrganismo vivente benefico

probiotico, microrganismo vivente benefico

Ex: Fermented foods like kimchi and sauerkraut are rich in probiotics.Gli alimenti fermentati come il kimchi e i crauti sono ricchi di **probiotici**.
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to clean something thoroughly to reduce or eliminate germs, bacteria, or other harmful microorganisms

sanificare, disinfettare

sanificare, disinfettare

Ex: The grocery store employee is sanitizing shopping carts for the next customers .Il dipendente del negozio di alimentari sta **sanificando** i carrelli della spesa per i prossimi clienti.
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gestational
[aggettivo]

relating to pregnancy or the period of carrying offspring in the womb

gestazionale, relativo alla gestazione

gestazionale, relativo alla gestazione

Ex: The clinic specializes in gestational care , providing support throughout pregnancy .La clinica è specializzata in cure **gestazionali**, fornendo supporto durante tutta la gravidanza.
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sputum
[sostantivo]

mucus or phlegm that is coughed up from the respiratory tract, typically as a result of infection or disease

sputo, catarro

sputo, catarro

Ex: Effective treatment of pneumonia often involves clearing the lungs of sputum to improve breathing .Il trattamento efficace della polmonite spesso comporta la pulizia dei polmoni dallo **sputo** per migliorare la respirazione.
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phlegm
[sostantivo]

the thick mucus that is formed in the nasal and throat cavities, usually secreted in excessive amounts as a result of common cold

catarro

catarro

Ex: Over-the-counter medications may help to reduce phlegm production and alleviate symptoms of congestion and coughing .I farmaci da banco possono aiutare a ridurre la produzione di **catarro** e alleviare i sintomi di congestione e tosse.
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a medical imaging technique that uses a small amount of radioactive tracer material to diagnose and monitor diseases such as cancer, heart disease, and neurological disorders

tomografia a emissione di positroni, PET

tomografia a emissione di positroni, PET

Ex: PET scans are often combined with CT or MRI scans for more comprehensive diagnostic evaluation.Le scansioni **tomografia a emissione di positroni** sono spesso combinate con scansioni TC o RM per una valutazione diagnostica più completa.
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respiration
[sostantivo]

(anatomy) the act or process of breathing

respirazione

respirazione

Ex: Infants exhibit rapid respiration rates compared to adults , reflecting their developing respiratory systems .I neonati mostrano tassi di **respirazione** rapidi rispetto agli adulti, riflettendo i loro sistemi respiratori in sviluppo.
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tonic
[sostantivo]

a drug that makes one feel stronger, healthier, or better, particularly used to treat exhaustion

tonico

tonico

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menopause
[sostantivo]

the natural biological process that marks the end of a woman's menstrual cycles, typically occurring around the age of 50

menopausa

menopausa

Ex: Regular exercise and a healthy diet can help manage weight gain during menopause.L'esercizio regolare e una dieta sana possono aiutare a gestire l'aumento di peso durante la **menopausa**.
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body mass index
[sostantivo]

a numerical measure of an individual's body fat based on their weight and height, often used to assess and categorize body weight in relation to health

indice di massa corporea, IMC

indice di massa corporea, IMC

Ex: Regular exercise and a balanced diet contribute to achieving and maintaining a healthy body mass index.L'esercizio regolare e una dieta equilibrata contribuiscono a raggiungere e mantenere un **indice di massa corporea** sano.
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rapid eye movement
[sostantivo]

a stage of sleep characterized by rapid eye movements, vivid dreaming, and muscle paralysis, important for cognitive restoration and memory consolidation

movimento oculare rapido, sonno paradossale

movimento oculare rapido, sonno paradossale

Ex: Sleep disorders such as REM behavior disorder can disrupt normal REM sleep cycles.Disturbi del sonno come il disturbo del comportamento del **movimento rapido degli occhi** possono interrompere i normali cicli del sonno REM.
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