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自然科学 SAT - 医学

ここでは、SATを突破するために必要な「胚」、「予防的」、「剖検」などの医学科学に関連する英語の単語を学びます。

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SAT Vocabulary for Natural Sciences

a scientist specializing in the study of drugs, their effects on biological systems, and their development for therapeutic purposes

薬理学者, 薬理学の専門家

薬理学者, 薬理学の専門家

Ex: Pharmacologists contribute to advancements in medicine by identifying potential drug targets and developing new therapeutic interventions .**薬理学者**は、潜在的な薬物ターゲットを特定し、新しい治療的介入を開発することで、医学の進歩に貢献しています。
radiologist
[名詞]

a medical specialist who specializes in diagnosing and treating injuries using radioactive substances and X-rays

放射線科医, 放射線専門医

放射線科医, 放射線専門医

pathologist
[名詞]

a medical professional who specializes in studying and diagnosing diseases by examining tissues, cells, and bodily fluids

病理学者

病理学者

Ex: Pathologists contribute essential information that guides treatment plans for various health conditions .
pediatrician
[名詞]

a doctor who specializes in the treatment of children

小児科医, 子供の医者

小児科医, 子供の医者

Ex: The new parents were relieved to find a pediatrician who was both knowledgeable and compassionate .新しい親は、知識があり思いやりのある**小児科医**を見つけて安心しました。
psychologist
[名詞]

a professional who studies behavior and mental processes to understand and treat psychological disorders and improve overall mental health

心理学者, 心理学の専門家

心理学者, 心理学の専門家

Ex: The psychologist emphasized the importance of self-care and mindfulness practices during therapy sessions .**心理学者**は、セラピーセッション中のセルフケアとマインドフルネスの実践の重要性を強調しました。
veterinarian
[名詞]

a doctor who is trained to treat animals

獣医, 動物医

獣医, 動物医

Ex: He pursued advanced training in exotic animal medicine to become a zoo veterinarian.彼は動物園の**獣医**になるために、エキゾチックアニマルの医学における高度な訓練を受けた。
dysfunction
[名詞]

the impaired or abnormal functioning of an organ, system, or biological process, often resulting in diminished efficiency or health consequences

機能障害, 機能不全

機能障害, 機能不全

Ex: Environmental factors can contribute to dysfunction in ecosystems , disrupting natural balance and biodiversity .環境要因は生態系における**機能不全**に寄与し、自然のバランスと生物多様性を乱す可能性があります。
to diagnose
[動詞]

to find out the cause of a problem or disease that a person has by examining the symptoms

診断する, 原因を特定する

診断する, 原因を特定する

Ex: Experts often diagnose conditions based on observable symptoms .専門家はしばしば観察可能な症状に基づいて状態を**診断**します。

to give someone medicine, drugs, etc.

投与する, 与える

投与する, 与える

Ex: The veterinarian skillfully administered the vaccine to the dog during its annual check-up .獣医は年次検査中に犬に巧みにワクチンを**投与しました**。
therapeutic
[形容詞]

(of medicine) related to actions that heal, alleviate, or prevent health issues

治療の

治療の

Ex: Therapeutic medications are prescribed to manage symptoms .症状を管理するために**治療**薬が処方されます。
restorative
[名詞]

treatments or therapies aimed at restoring health, function, or vitality to a person or part of the body

回復的な,  修復的な

回復的な, 修復的な

Ex: Palliative care focuses on both curative and restorative measures to improve the quality of life for patients with chronic illnesses.緩和ケアは、慢性疾患を持つ患者の生活の質を向上させるために、治療的および**回復的**な対策の両方に焦点を当てています。
invasive
[形容詞]

(of medical procedures) comprising cutting into the body or body cavities

侵襲的な, 侵入的な

侵襲的な, 侵入的な

preventative
[形容詞]

designed to stop something harmful from happening, especially related to health or diseases

予防の, 防止の

予防の, 防止の

Ex: The clinic offers various preventative screenings to detect potential health issues early on .クリニックは、潜在的な健康問題を早期に発見するためのさまざまな**予防**検査を提供しています。
inoculation
[名詞]

the process of boosting the immunity system of a person or animal against a disease by vaccination

接種, 予防接種

接種, 予防接種

side effect
[名詞]

a secondary effect of any drug or medicine, usually an undesirable one

副作用

副作用

Ex: Although the pain reliever worked well for her headaches , she decided to stop taking it due to the unpleasant side effects that interfered with her daily activities .鎮痛剤は彼女の頭痛に良く効いたが、日常生活に支障をきたす不快な**副作用**のために服用をやめることにした。

a condition where the immune system is weakened, making the person more vulnerable to infections and illnesses

免疫不全

免疫不全

Ex: Immunodeficiency may be characterized by a lack of immune system components , like T cells or antibodies .**免疫不全**は、T細胞や抗体のような免疫システムの構成要素の欠如によって特徴づけられるかもしれません。

the body's defensive reaction to foreign substances, such as bacteria, viruses, or toxins, involving the activation of immune cells and the production of antibodies

免疫応答, 免疫反応

免疫応答, 免疫反応

Ex: The immune response can sometimes mistakenly target the body 's own tissues , leading to autoimmune diseases .**免疫応答**は時として体自身の組織を誤って攻撃し、自己免疫疾患を引き起こすことがあります。
phagotherapy
[名詞]

a medical treatment that uses bacteriophages, or viruses that specifically target and kill bacteria, to combat bacterial infections

ファゴセラピー, バクテリオファージ治療

ファゴセラピー, バクテリオファージ治療

placebo
[名詞]

a medicine without any physiological effect that is given to a control group in an experiment to measure the effectiveness of a new drug or to patients who think they need medicine when in reality they do not

プラセボ, プラセボ薬

プラセボ, プラセボ薬

Ex: Placebo-controlled studies help researchers determine if the observed effects of a new treatment are due to the medication's pharmacological properties or psychological factors.**プラセボ**対照試験は、研究者が新しい治療の観察された効果が薬の薬理学的特性によるものか、心理的要因によるものかを判断するのに役立ちます。
infective
[形容詞]

related to an infection or having the ability to cause an infection

感染性の, 伝染性の

感染性の, 伝染性の

Ex: Infective endocarditis is a serious condition caused by bacteria entering the bloodstream .**感染性**心内膜炎は、血流に細菌が入ることによって引き起こされる重篤な状態です。
pathogen
[名詞]

any organism that can cause diseases

病原体, 病原菌

病原体, 病原菌

Ex: The pathogen responsible for malaria is transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected mosquito .マラリアの原因となる**病原体**は、感染した蚊に刺されることで人間に伝染します。
homeostasis
[名詞]

the tendency of an organism or cell to regulate its internal environment and maintain a stable, balanced condition, despite external changes

ホメオスタシス, 内部平衡

ホメオスタシス, 内部平衡

Ex: The release of hormones like adrenaline during stress is part of the body 's response to maintain homeostasis in challenging situations .ストレス時にアドレナリンのようなホルモンが放出されることは、困難な状況で**ホメオスタシス**を維持するための体の反応の一部です。
psychiatric
[形容詞]

relating to the study and treatment of mental illness

精神医学の, 精神医学に関連する

精神医学の, 精神医学に関連する

Ex: He specializes in psychiatric research focusing on schizophrenia .彼は統合失調症に焦点を当てた**精神医学**研究を専門としています。
prenatal
[形容詞]

related to the period occurring or existing before birth, specifically in relation to the development and care of the fetus during pregnancy

出生前の, 産前の

出生前の, 産前の

Ex: Prenatal yoga classes provide gentle exercises suitable for pregnant women**産前**ヨガクラスは、妊婦に適した優しいエクササイズを提供します。
embryo
[名詞]

an unhatched or unborn offspring in the process of development, especially a human offspring roughly from the second to the eighth week after fertilization

胚, 胎児

胚, 胎児

Ex: Ethical debates often arise around the use of human embryos in stem cell research and medical treatments .幹細胞研究や医療治療におけるヒト**胚**の使用をめぐって、倫理的な議論がしばしば起こります。
developmental
[形容詞]

related to the process of growth, progress, or improvement over time

発達の, 開発に関連する

発達の, 開発に関連する

Ex: Developmental opportunities within the company support employees ' career growth and skill enhancement .会社内の**発展**の機会は、従業員のキャリア成長とスキル向上を支援します。
lymphoid
[形容詞]

related to or resembling lymph or the tissues where lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell, are produced

リンパ様, リンパの

リンパ様, リンパの

Ex: Lymphoid malignancies, such as lymphoma, require specialized treatment and care.リンパ腫などの**リンパ系**悪性腫瘍は、専門的な治療とケアが必要です。
lesion
[名詞]

a region in an organ or tissue that has suffered damage through injury, disease, or other causes

病変

病変

Ex: The athlete visited the sports medicine specialist for an evaluation of a knee lesion sustained during training .その選手は、トレーニング中に膝に負った**病変**の評価のためにスポーツ医学の専門家を訪れた。
fibrosis
[名詞]

the thickening and scarring of connective tissue, usually as a result of injury or long-term inflammation

線維症, 硬化症

線維症, 硬化症

Ex: The patient ’s kidney biopsy showed signs of fibrosis, indicating a long-standing condition .患者の腎生検は**線維症**の兆候を示し、長期的な状態を示していました。
to implant
[動詞]

to insert a living tissue or an artificial object into the body via medical procedure

移植する, 埋め込む

移植する, 埋め込む

Ex: To treat severe arthritis , the orthopedic surgeon suggested implanting an artificial joint in the patient 's knee .重度の関節炎を治療するために、整形外科医は患者の膝に人工関節を**移植する**ことを提案しました。
autopsy
[名詞]

an examination of a deceased person's organs to determine the cause of death

解剖, 死後検査

解剖, 死後検査

Ex: The medical examiner 's thorough autopsy contributed to our understanding of the tragedy .検視官の徹底的な**解剖**が、悲劇の理解に貢献しました。

relating to the production of drugs or medicine used for medicinal purposes

製薬の, 薬

製薬の, 薬

systolic
[形容詞]

relating to the phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle contracts and pumps blood into the arteries

収縮期の

収縮期の

Ex: The systolic phase of the cardiac cycle is crucial for delivering oxygenated blood throughout the body .心臓周期の**収縮期**は、体中に酸素化された血液を送り出すために重要です。
antiseptic
[名詞]

a substance that prevents infection when applied to a wound, especially by killing bacteria

消毒薬, 殺菌剤

消毒薬, 殺菌剤

Ex: The doctor recommended using an antiseptic mouthwash to maintain oral hygiene.医師は口腔衛生を維持するために**抗菌**うがい薬の使用を勧めました。

a vitamin that helps keep the body cells healthy and supports the immune system, commonly found in fruits like orange and vegetables like tomatoes

アスコルビン酸, ビタミンC

アスコルビン酸, ビタミンC

Ex: Maintaining a balanced diet ensures an adequate intake of ascorbic acid for overall well-being .バランスの取れた食事を維持することは、全体的な健康のための十分な**アスコルビン酸**の摂取を保証します。

the group of organs inside the body that absorb the food and pass the waste

消化器系, 消化システム

消化器系, 消化システム

Ex: Disorders of the digestive system, like gastritis or Crohn 's disease , can significantly impact overall health and well-being .胃炎やクローン病などの**消化器系**の障害は、全体的な健康と幸福に大きな影響を与える可能性があります。
respiratory
[形容詞]

related to the process of breathing and the organs involved in it, such as the lungs and airways

呼吸の

呼吸の

Ex: Respiratory distress , characterized by difficulty breathing , requires immediate medical attention .**呼吸**困難、呼吸困難を特徴とする、即時の医療的対応が必要です。
probiotic
[名詞]

a live microorganism, typically bacteria or yeast, that is beneficial to health, especially the digestive system

プロバイオティクス, 健康に有益な生きた微生物

プロバイオティクス, 健康に有益な生きた微生物

Ex: Fermented foods like kimchi and sauerkraut are rich in probiotics.キムチやザワークラウトなどの発酵食品は**プロバイオティクス**が豊富です。
to sanitize
[動詞]

to clean something thoroughly to reduce or eliminate germs, bacteria, or other harmful microorganisms

消毒する, 除菌する

消毒する, 除菌する

Ex: The grocery store employee is sanitizing shopping carts for the next customers .食料品店の従業員は、次の顧客のためにショッピングカートを**消毒しています**。
gestational
[形容詞]

relating to pregnancy or the period of carrying offspring in the womb

妊娠の, 妊娠に関連する

妊娠の, 妊娠に関連する

Ex: The clinic specializes in gestational care , providing support throughout pregnancy .このクリニックは**妊娠**期のケアを専門としており、妊娠期間中を通じてサポートを提供します。
sputum
[名詞]

mucus or phlegm that is coughed up from the respiratory tract, typically as a result of infection or disease

痰, 粘液

痰, 粘液

Ex: Effective treatment of pneumonia often involves clearing the lungs of sputum to improve breathing .肺炎の効果的な治療には、しばしば呼吸を改善するために肺から**痰**を取り除くことが含まれます。
phlegm
[名詞]

the thick mucus that is formed in the nasal and throat cavities, usually secreted in excessive amounts as a result of common cold

痰, 粘液

痰, 粘液

Ex: Over-the-counter medications may help to reduce phlegm production and alleviate symptoms of congestion and coughing .市販薬は**痰**の生成を減らし、鼻づまりや咳の症状を和らげるのに役立つかもしれません。

a medical imaging technique that uses a small amount of radioactive tracer material to diagnose and monitor diseases such as cancer, heart disease, and neurological disorders

陽電子放出断層撮影, PET

陽電子放出断層撮影, PET

Ex: PET scans are often combined with CT or MRI scans for more comprehensive diagnostic evaluation.**陽電子放出断層撮影**スキャンは、より包括的な診断評価のためにCTまたはMRIスキャンと組み合わせることが多い。
respiration
[名詞]

(anatomy) the act or process of breathing

呼吸

呼吸

Ex: Infants exhibit rapid respiration rates compared to adults , reflecting their developing respiratory systems .乳児は成人と比較して速い**呼吸**率を示し、発達中の呼吸器系を反映しています。
tonic
[名詞]

a drug that makes one feel stronger, healthier, or better, particularly used to treat exhaustion

強壮剤, 滋養強壮薬

強壮剤, 滋養強壮薬

menopause
[名詞]

the natural biological process that marks the end of a woman's menstrual cycles, typically occurring around the age of 50

閉経

閉経

Ex: Regular exercise and a healthy diet can help manage weight gain during menopause.定期的な運動と健康的な食事は、**更年期**の体重増加を管理するのに役立ちます。

a numerical measure of an individual's body fat based on their weight and height, often used to assess and categorize body weight in relation to health

ボディマス指数, BMI

ボディマス指数, BMI

Ex: Regular exercise and a balanced diet contribute to achieving and maintaining a healthy body mass index.定期的な運動とバランスの取れた食事は、健康的な**ボディマス指数**を達成し維持するのに役立ちます。

a stage of sleep characterized by rapid eye movements, vivid dreaming, and muscle paralysis, important for cognitive restoration and memory consolidation

急速眼球運動, 逆説睡眠

急速眼球運動, 逆説睡眠

Ex: Sleep disorders such as REM behavior disorder can disrupt normal REM sleep cycles.**急速眼球運動**行動障害などの睡眠障害は、正常なREM睡眠サイクルを乱す可能性があります。
自然科学 SAT
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