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Ciencias Naturales SAT - Ciencias Médicas

Aquí aprenderás algunas palabras en inglés relacionadas con las ciencias médicas, como "embrión", "preventivo", "autopsia", etc., que necesitarás para superar tus SAT.

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SAT Vocabulary for Natural Sciences
pharmacologist
pharmacologist
[Sustantivo]

a scientist specializing in the study of drugs, their effects on biological systems, and their development for therapeutic purposes

farmacólogo, especialista en farmacología

farmacólogo, especialista en farmacología

Ex: The pharmacologist conducted experiments to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a new drug candidate. 
radiologist
radiologist
[Sustantivo]

a medical specialist who specializes in diagnosing and treating injuries using radioactive substances and X-rays

radiólogo

radiólogo

pathologist
pathologist
[Sustantivo]

a medical professional who specializes in studying and diagnosing diseases by examining tissues, cells, and bodily fluids

patólogo

patólogo

Ex: The pathologist plays a key role in understanding the causes and nature of diseases. 
pediatrician
pediatrician
[Sustantivo]

a doctor who specializes in the treatment of children

pediatra

pediatra

Ex: She took her baby to the pediatrician for routine check-ups and vaccinations. 
psychologist
psychologist
[Sustantivo]

a professional who studies behavior and mental processes to understand and treat psychological disorders and improve overall mental health

psicólogo, sicólogo

psicólogo, sicólogo

Ex: The psychologist counseled patients struggling with anxiety and depression. 
veterinarian
veterinarian
[Sustantivo]

a doctor who is trained to treat animals

veterinario

veterinario

Ex: She's been working as a veterinarian at a local animal clinic for over twenty years. 
dysfunction
dysfunction
[Sustantivo]

the impaired or abnormal functioning of an organ, system, or biological process, often resulting in diminished efficiency or health consequences

disfunción, mal funcionamiento

disfunción, mal funcionamiento

Ex: Chronic stress can lead to dysfunction of the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to infections. 
to diagnose

to find out the cause of a problem or disease that a person has by examining the symptoms

diagnosticar

diagnosticar

Ex: Doctors use various tests to diagnose medical conditions accurately. 
to administer

to give someone medicine, drugs, etc.

administrar

administrar

Ex: The nurse carefully administered the medication to the patient, ensuring the correct dosage was given. 
therapeutic
therapeutic
[Adjetivo]

(of medicine) related to actions that heal, alleviate, or prevent health issues

terapéutico

terapéutico

Ex: Therapeutic treatments focus on healing and recovery. 
restorative
restorative
[Sustantivo]

treatments or therapies aimed at restoring health, function, or vitality to a person or part of the body

restaurador,  reparador

restaurador, reparador

Ex: Physical therapists often prescribe restorative exercises to strengthen muscles and improve mobility after injury. 
invasive
invasive
[Adjetivo]

(of medical procedures) comprising cutting into the body or body cavities

invasivo

invasivo

preventative
preventative
[Adjetivo]

designed to stop something harmful from happening, especially related to health or diseases

preventivo, profiláctico

preventivo, profiláctico

Ex: The doctor recommended a preventative vaccine to avoid the flu this season. 
inoculation
inoculation
[Sustantivo]

the process of boosting the immunity system of a person or animal against a disease by vaccination

inoculación

inoculación

side effect
side effect
[Sustantivo]

a secondary effect of any drug or medicine, usually an undesirable one

efecto secundario

efecto secundario

Ex: While the new medication effectively managed her symptoms, she was concerned about the potential side effects, including nausea and fatigue. 
immunodeficiency
immunodeficiency
[Sustantivo]

a condition where the immune system is weakened, making the person more vulnerable to infections and illnesses

inmunodeficiencia

inmunodeficiencia

Ex: Immunodeficiency disorders can be inherited or acquired, affecting the body's ability to fight infections. 
immune response
immune response
[Sustantivo]

the body's defensive reaction to foreign substances, such as bacteria, viruses, or toxins, involving the activation of immune cells and the production of antibodies

respuesta inmunitaria, reacción inmunológica

respuesta inmunitaria, reacción inmunológica

Ex: The vaccine works by stimulating the immune response to build resistance against the virus. 
phagotherapy
phagotherapy
[Sustantivo]

a medical treatment that uses bacteriophages, or viruses that specifically target and kill bacteria, to combat bacterial infections

fagoterapia, tratamiento con bacteriófagos

fagoterapia, tratamiento con bacteriófagos

placebo
placebo
[Sustantivo]

a medicine without any physiological effect that is given to a control group in an experiment to measure the effectiveness of a new drug or to patients who think they need medicine when in reality they do not

placebo

placebo

Ex: In the clinical trial, half of the participants received the experimental drug while the other half received a placebo. 
infective
infective
[Adjetivo]

related to an infection or having the ability to cause an infection

infeccioso, contagioso

infeccioso, contagioso

Ex: The infective bacteria spread quickly through the contaminated water supply. 
pathogen
pathogen
[Sustantivo]

any organism that can cause diseases

agente patógeno

agente patógeno

Ex: The laboratory tests confirmed the presence of a bacterial pathogen responsible for the patient's severe food poisoning. 
homeostasis
homeostasis
[Sustantivo]

the tendency of an organism or cell to regulate its internal environment and maintain a stable, balanced condition, despite external changes

homeostasis, equilibrio interno

homeostasis, equilibrio interno

Ex: Sweating to cool down the body temperature is an example of homeostasis in response to external heat. 
psychiatric
psychiatric
[Adjetivo]

relating to the study and treatment of mental illness

psiquiátrico

psiquiátrico

Ex: She sought psychiatric help to manage her anxiety disorder. 
prenatal
prenatal
[Adjetivo]

related to the period occurring or existing before birth, specifically in relation to the development and care of the fetus during pregnancy

prenatal, antenatal

prenatal, antenatal

Ex: Prenatal vitamins are recommended for expectant mothers to support fetal development 
embryo
embryo
[Sustantivo]

an unhatched or unborn offspring in the process of development, especially a human offspring roughly from the second to the eighth week after fertilization

embrión

embrión

Ex: During the first trimester, the human embryo undergoes rapid cell division and differentiation to form essential organs. 
developmental
developmental
[Adjetivo]

related to the process of growth, progress, or improvement over time

del desarrollo

del desarrollo

Ex: The developmental stage of the project focuses on research and planning. 
lymphoid
lymphoid
[Adjetivo]

related to or resembling lymph or the tissues where lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell, are produced

linfoide, linfático

linfoide, linfático

Ex: The lymphoid organs, such as the spleen and lymph nodes, play a crucial role in the immune system. 
lesion
lesion
[Sustantivo]

an injury or wound to living tissue, often involving a cut, break, or trauma to the skin

lesión, herida

lesión, herida

Ex: The patient had a small lesion on his forearm. 
fibrosis
fibrosis
[Sustantivo]

the thickening and scarring of connective tissue, usually as a result of injury or long-term inflammation

fibrosis, esclerosis

fibrosis, esclerosis

Ex: Chronic hepatitis can lead to fibrosis of the liver over time. 
to implant
to implant
[Verbo]

to insert a living tissue or an artificial object into the body via medical procedure

implantar

implantar

Ex: The surgeon successfully implanted a pacemaker to regulate the patient's heartbeat. 
autopsy
autopsy
[Sustantivo]

an examination of a deceased person's organs to determine the cause of death

autopsia

autopsia

Ex: Autopsies are crucial for investigating and determining the cause of death. 
pharmaceutical
pharmaceutical
[Sustantivo]

a medicinal drug, especially one manufactured or dispensed for use in diagnosis, treatment, or prevention of disease

producto farmacéutico

producto farmacéutico

Ex: The clinic stocked several generics and one specialty pharmaceutical for rare metabolic disorders. 
systolic
systolic
[Adjetivo]

relating to the phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle contracts and pumps blood into the arteries

sistólico

sistólico

Ex: The doctor noted a high systolic blood pressure reading during the patient's check-up. 
antiseptic
antiseptic
[Sustantivo]

a substance that prevents infection when applied to a wound, especially by killing bacteria

antiséptico

antiséptico

Ex: She cleaned the cut with antiseptic before applying a bandage to prevent infection. 
ascorbic acid
ascorbic acid
[Sustantivo]

a vitamin that helps keep the body cells healthy and supports the immune system, commonly found in fruits like orange and vegetables like tomatoes

ácido ascórbico, vitamina C

ácido ascórbico, vitamina C

Ex: Oranges contain a high amount of ascorbic acid, which is also known as vitamin C. 
digestive system
digestive system
[Sustantivo]

the group of organs inside the body that absorb the food and pass the waste

aparato digestivo

aparato digestivo

Ex: Within the digestive system, enzymes and acids collaborate to break down food into smaller molecules for absorption. 
respiratory
respiratory
[Adjetivo]

related to the process of breathing and the organs involved in it, such as the lungs and airways

respiratorio

respiratorio

Ex: Respiratory infections, like the common cold or pneumonia, affect the airways and lungs. 
probiotic
probiotic
[Sustantivo]

a live microorganism, typically bacteria or yeast, that is beneficial to health, especially the digestive system

probiótico, microorganismo vivo beneficioso

probiótico, microorganismo vivo beneficioso

Ex: She started taking probiotics daily to improve her gut health. 
to sanitize

to clean something thoroughly to reduce or eliminate germs, bacteria, or other harmful microorganisms

sanitizar, desinfectar

sanitizar, desinfectar

Ex: After preparing raw meat, it's important to sanitize the cutting board to prevent cross-contamination. 
gestational
gestational
[Adjetivo]

relating to pregnancy or the period of carrying offspring in the womb

gestacional, relativo a la gestación

gestacional, relativo a la gestación

Ex: Gestational diabetes is a form of diabetes that occurs during pregnancy. 
sputum
sputum
[Sustantivo]

mucus or phlegm that is coughed up from the respiratory tract, typically as a result of infection or disease

esputo, flema

esputo, flema

Ex: The doctor asked the patient to provide a sample of sputum for laboratory analysis. 
phlegm
phlegm
[Sustantivo]

the thick mucus that is formed in the nasal and throat cavities, usually secreted in excessive amounts as a result of common cold

flema

flema

Ex: The common cold often causes an increase in phlegm production, leading to congestion and coughing. 
positron emission tomography

a medical imaging technique that uses a small amount of radioactive tracer material to diagnose and monitor diseases such as cancer, heart disease, and neurological disorders

tomografía por emisión de positrones, PET

tomografía por emisión de positrones, PET

Ex: The PET scan revealed a hot spot indicating increased metabolic activity in the brain. 
respiration
respiration
[Sustantivo]

(anatomy) the act or process of breathing

respiración

respiración

Ex: Respiration involves the intake of oxygen and the release of carbon dioxide by the lungs. 
tonic
tonic
[Sustantivo]

a drug that makes one feel stronger, healthier, or better, particularly used to treat exhaustion

tónico

tónico

menopause
menopause
[Sustantivo]

the natural biological process that marks the end of a woman's menstrual cycles, typically occurring around the age of 50

menopausia

menopausia

Ex: Many women experience hot flashes and mood swings during menopause. 
body mass index
body mass index
[Sustantivo]

a numerical measure of an individual's body fat based on their weight and height, often used to assess and categorize body weight in relation to health

índice de masa corporal, IMC

índice de masa corporal, IMC

Ex: The doctor calculated the patient's body mass index to evaluate their overall health. 
rapid eye movement
rapid eye movement
[Sustantivo]

a stage of sleep characterized by rapid eye movements, vivid dreaming, and muscle paralysis, important for cognitive restoration and memory consolidation

movimiento ocular rápido, sueño paradójico

movimiento ocular rápido, sueño paradójico

Ex: During REM sleep, brain activity resembles that of wakefulness, despite muscle immobility. 
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