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Ciencias Naturales SAT - Ciencias Médicas

Aquí aprenderá algunas palabras en inglés relacionadas con las ciencias médicas, como "embrión", "preventiva", "autopsia", etc., que necesitará para aprobar sus exámenes SAT.

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SAT Vocabulary for Natural Sciences
pharmacologist
[Sustantivo]

a scientist specializing in the study of drugs, their effects on biological systems, and their development for therapeutic purposes

farmacólogo, especialista en farmacología

farmacólogo, especialista en farmacología

Ex: Pharmacologists contribute to advancements in medicine by identifying potential drug targets and developing new therapeutic interventions .
radiologist
[Sustantivo]

a medical specialist who specializes in diagnosing and treating injuries using radioactive substances and X-rays

radiólogo

radiólogo

pathologist
[Sustantivo]

a medical professional who specializes in studying and diagnosing diseases by examining tissues, cells, and bodily fluids

patólogo, especialista en patología

patólogo, especialista en patología

Ex: Pathologists contribute essential information that guides treatment plans for various health conditions .
pediatrician
[Sustantivo]

a doctor who specializes in the treatment of children

pediatra

pediatra

Ex: The new parents were relieved to find pediatrician who was both knowledgeable and compassionate .
psychologist
[Sustantivo]

a professional who studies behavior and mental processes to understand and treat psychological disorders and improve overall mental health

psicólogo, sicólogo

psicólogo, sicólogo

Ex: psychologist emphasized the importance of self-care and mindfulness practices during therapy sessions .
veterinarian
[Sustantivo]

a doctor who is trained to treat animals

veterinario

veterinario

Ex: He pursued advanced training in exotic animal medicine to become a veterinarian.
dysfunction
[Sustantivo]

the impaired or abnormal functioning of an organ, system, or biological process, often resulting in diminished efficiency or health consequences

disfunción, malfuncionamiento

disfunción, malfuncionamiento

Ex: Environmental factors can contribute dysfunction in ecosystems , disrupting natural balance and biodiversity .

to find out the cause of a problem or disease that a person has by examining the symptoms

diagnosticar

diagnosticar

Ex: Experts diagnose conditions based on observable symptoms .

to give someone medicine, drugs, etc.

administrar

administrar

Ex: The veterinarian administered the vaccine to the dog during its annual check-up .
therapeutic
[Adjetivo]

(of medicine) related to actions that heal, alleviate, or prevent health issues

terapéutico

terapéutico

Ex: Therapeutic medications are prescribed to manage symptoms .
restorative
[Sustantivo]

treatments or therapies aimed at restoring health, function, or vitality to a person or part of the body

restaurador, reconstituyente

restaurador, reconstituyente

Ex: Palliative care focuses on both curative and restorative measures to improve the quality of life for patients with chronic illnesses.
invasive
[Adjetivo]

(of medical procedures) comprising cutting into the body or body cavities

invasivo

invasivo

preventative
[Adjetivo]

designed to stop something harmful from happening, especially related to health or diseases

preventivo, preventiva

preventivo, preventiva

Ex: The clinic offers preventative screenings to detect potential health issues early on .
inoculation
[Sustantivo]

the process of boosting the immunity system of a person or animal against a disease by vaccination

inoculación

inoculación

side effect
[Sustantivo]

a secondary effect of any drug or medicine, usually an undesirable one

efecto secundario

efecto secundario

Ex: Although the pain reliever worked well for her headaches , she decided to stop taking it due to the side effects that interfered with her daily activities .
immunodeficiency
[Sustantivo]

a condition where the immune system is weakened, making the person more vulnerable to infections and illnesses

inmunodeficiencia, inmunodeficiencia adquirida

inmunodeficiencia, inmunodeficiencia adquirida

Ex: Immunodeficiency may be characterized by a lack of immune system components , like T cells or antibodies .
immune response
[Sustantivo]

the body's defensive reaction to foreign substances, such as bacteria, viruses, or toxins, involving the activation of immune cells and the production of antibodies

respuesta inmune, reacción inmune

respuesta inmune, reacción inmune

Ex: immune response can sometimes mistakenly target the body 's own tissues , leading to autoimmune diseases .
phagotherapy
[Sustantivo]

a medical treatment that uses bacteriophages, or viruses that specifically target and kill bacteria, to combat bacterial infections

fágoterapia, terapia con fagos

fágoterapia, terapia con fagos

placebo
[Sustantivo]

a medicine without any physiological effect that is given to a control group in an experiment to measure the effectiveness of a new drug or to patients who think they need medicine when in reality they do not

placebo

placebo

Ex: Placebo-controlled studies help researchers determine if the observed effects of a new treatment are due to the medication's pharmacological properties or psychological factors.
infective
[Adjetivo]

related to an infection or having the ability to cause an infection

infeccioso, infectante

infeccioso, infectante

Ex: Infective endocarditis is a serious condition caused by bacteria entering the bloodstream .
pathogen
[Sustantivo]

any organism that can cause diseases

agente patógeno

agente patógeno

Ex: pathogen responsible for malaria is transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected mosquito .
homeostasis
[Sustantivo]

the tendency of an organism or cell to regulate its internal environment and maintain a stable, balanced condition, despite external changes

homeostasis, equilibrio interno

homeostasis, equilibrio interno

Ex: The release of hormones like adrenaline during stress is part of the body 's response to homeostasis in challenging situations .
psychiatric
[Adjetivo]

relating to the study and treatment of mental illness

psiquiátrico

psiquiátrico

Ex: He specializes psychiatric research focusing on schizophrenia .
prenatal
[Adjetivo]

related to the period occurring or existing before birth, specifically in relation to the development and care of the fetus during pregnancy

prenatal, antes del nacimiento

prenatal, antes del nacimiento

Ex: Prenatal yoga classes provide gentle exercises suitable for pregnant women
embryo
[Sustantivo]

an unhatched or unborn offspring in the process of development, especially a human offspring roughly from the second to the eighth week after fertilization

embrión

embrión

Ex: Ethical debates often arise around the use of embryos in stem cell research and medical treatments .
developmental
[Adjetivo]

related to the process of growth, progress, or improvement over time

del desarrollo

del desarrollo

Ex: Developmental opportunities within the company support employees ' career growth and skill enhancement .
lymphoid
[Adjetivo]

related to or resembling lymph or the tissues where lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell, are produced

linfoide, lymphoide

linfoide, lymphoide

Ex: Lymphoid malignancies, such as lymphoma, require specialized treatment and care.
lesion
[Sustantivo]

a region in an organ or tissue that has suffered damage through injury, disease, or other causes

lesión, daño

lesión, daño

Ex: The athlete visited the sports medicine specialist for an evaluation of a lesion sustained during training .
fibrosis
[Sustantivo]

the thickening and scarring of connective tissue, usually as a result of injury or long-term inflammation

fibrosis, fibrosis hepática

fibrosis, fibrosis hepática

Ex: The patient ’s kidney biopsy showed signs fibrosis, indicating a long-standing condition .
to implant
[Verbo]

to insert a living tissue or an artificial object into the body via medical procedure

implantar

implantar

Ex: To treat severe arthritis , the orthopedic surgeon implanting an artificial joint in the patient 's knee .
autopsy
[Sustantivo]

an examination of a deceased person's organs to determine the cause of death

autopsia

autopsia

Ex: The medical examiner 's autopsy contributed to our understanding of the tragedy .
pharmaceutical
[Sustantivo]

relating to the production of drugs or medicine used for medicinal purposes

producto farmacéutico

producto farmacéutico

systolic
[Adjetivo]

relating to the phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle contracts and pumps blood into the arteries

sistólico, sistólica

sistólico, sistólica

Ex: systolic phase of the cardiac cycle is crucial for delivering oxygenated blood throughout the body .
antiseptic
[Sustantivo]

a substance that prevents infection when applied to a wound, especially by killing bacteria

antiséptico

antiséptico

Ex: The doctor recommended using an antiseptic mouthwash to maintain oral hygiene.
ascorbic acid
[Sustantivo]

a vitamin that helps keep the body cells healthy and supports the immune system, commonly found in fruits like orange and vegetables like tomatoes

ácido ascórbico, vitamina C

ácido ascórbico, vitamina C

Ex: Maintaining a balanced diet ensures an adequate intake ascorbic acid for overall well-being .
digestive system
[Sustantivo]

the group of organs inside the body that absorb the food and pass the waste

aparato digestivo

aparato digestivo

Ex: Disorders of digestive system, like gastritis or Crohn 's disease , can significantly impact overall health and well-being .
respiratory
[Adjetivo]

related to the process of breathing and the organs involved in it, such as the lungs and airways

respiratorio, respiratoria

respiratorio, respiratoria

Ex: Respiratory distress , characterized by difficulty breathing , requires immediate medical attention .
probiotic
[Sustantivo]

a live microorganism, typically bacteria or yeast, that is beneficial to health, especially the digestive system

probiótico, microorganismo beneficioso

probiótico, microorganismo beneficioso

Ex: Fermented foods like kimchi and sauerkraut are rich probiotics.

to clean something thoroughly to reduce or eliminate germs, bacteria, or other harmful microorganisms

desinfectar, sanitizar

desinfectar, sanitizar

Ex: The grocery store employee sanitizing shopping carts for the next customers .
gestational
[Adjetivo]

relating to pregnancy or the period of carrying offspring in the womb

gestacional, relacionado con la gestación

gestacional, relacionado con la gestación

Ex: The clinic specializes gestational care , providing support throughout pregnancy .
sputum
[Sustantivo]

mucus or phlegm that is coughed up from the respiratory tract, typically as a result of infection or disease

¿Cómo estás?, ¿Qué tal?

¿Cómo estás?, ¿Qué tal?

Ex: Effective treatment of pneumonia often involves clearing the lungs sputum to improve breathing .
phlegm
[Sustantivo]

the thick mucus that is formed in the nasal and throat cavities, usually secreted in excessive amounts as a result of common cold

flema

flema

Ex: Over-the-counter medications may help to phlegm production and alleviate symptoms of congestion and coughing .

a medical imaging technique that uses a small amount of radioactive tracer material to diagnose and monitor diseases such as cancer, heart disease, and neurological disorders

tomografía por emisión de positrones, PET (tomografía por emisión de positrones)

tomografía por emisión de positrones, PET (tomografía por emisión de positrones)

Ex: PET scans are often combined with CT or MRI scans for more comprehensive diagnostic evaluation.
respiration
[Sustantivo]

(anatomy) the act or process of breathing

respiración

respiración

Ex: Infants exhibit respiration rates compared to adults , reflecting their developing respiratory systems .
tonic
[Sustantivo]

a drug that makes one feel stronger, healthier, or better, particularly used to treat exhaustion

tónico

tónico

menopause
[Sustantivo]

the natural biological process that marks the end of a woman's menstrual cycles, typically occurring around the age of 50

menopausia, climaterio

menopausia, climaterio

Ex: Regular exercise and a healthy diet can help manage weight gain menopause.
body mass index
[Sustantivo]

a numerical measure of an individual's body fat based on their weight and height, often used to assess and categorize body weight in relation to health

índice de masa corporal, IMC

índice de masa corporal, IMC

Ex: Regular exercise and a balanced diet contribute to achieving and maintaining a body mass index.
rapid eye movement
[Sustantivo]

a stage of sleep characterized by rapid eye movements, vivid dreaming, and muscle paralysis, important for cognitive restoration and memory consolidation

movimiento ocular rápido, movimiento de los ojos rápidos

movimiento ocular rápido, movimiento de los ojos rápidos

Ex: Sleep disorders such as REM behavior disorder can disrupt normal REM sleep cycles.
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