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Ciencias Naturales SAT - Ciencias Médicas

Aquí aprenderás algunas palabras en inglés relacionadas con las ciencias médicas, como "embrión", "preventivo", "autopsia", etc., que necesitarás para superar tus SAT.

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SAT Vocabulary for Natural Sciences
pharmacologist
[Sustantivo]

a scientist specializing in the study of drugs, their effects on biological systems, and their development for therapeutic purposes

farmacólogo, especialista en farmacología

farmacólogo, especialista en farmacología

Ex: Pharmacologists contribute to advancements in medicine by identifying potential drug targets and developing new therapeutic interventions .Los **farmacólogos** contribuyen a los avances en la medicina identificando posibles dianas farmacológicas y desarrollando nuevas intervenciones terapéuticas.
radiologist
[Sustantivo]

a medical specialist who specializes in diagnosing and treating injuries using radioactive substances and X-rays

radiólogo

radiólogo

pathologist
[Sustantivo]

a medical professional who specializes in studying and diagnosing diseases by examining tissues, cells, and bodily fluids

patólogo

patólogo

Ex: Pathologists contribute essential information that guides treatment plans for various health conditions .
pediatrician
[Sustantivo]

a doctor who specializes in the treatment of children

pediatra

pediatra

Ex: The new parents were relieved to find pediatrician who was both knowledgeable and compassionate .Los nuevos padres se sintieron aliviados al encontrar un **pediatra** que era tanto conocedor como compasivo.
psychologist
[Sustantivo]

a professional who studies behavior and mental processes to understand and treat psychological disorders and improve overall mental health

psicólogo, sicólogo

psicólogo, sicólogo

Ex: psychologist emphasized the importance of self-care and mindfulness practices during therapy sessions .El **psicólogo** enfatizó la importancia del autocuidado y las prácticas de atención plena durante las sesiones de terapia.
veterinarian
[Sustantivo]

a doctor who is trained to treat animals

veterinario

veterinario

Ex: He pursued advanced training in exotic animal medicine to become a veterinarian.Persiguió formación avanzada en medicina de animales exóticos para convertirse en **veterinario** de zoológico.
dysfunction
[Sustantivo]

the impaired or abnormal functioning of an organ, system, or biological process, often resulting in diminished efficiency or health consequences

disfunción, mal funcionamiento

disfunción, mal funcionamiento

Ex: Environmental factors can contribute dysfunction in ecosystems , disrupting natural balance and biodiversity .Los factores ambientales pueden contribuir a la **disfunción** en los ecosistemas, alterando el equilibrio natural y la biodiversidad.

to find out the cause of a problem or disease that a person has by examining the symptoms

diagnosticar

diagnosticar

Ex: Experts diagnose conditions based on observable symptoms .Los expertos a menudo **diagnostican** condiciones basadas en síntomas observables.

to give someone medicine, drugs, etc.

administrar

administrar

Ex: The veterinarian administered the vaccine to the dog during its annual check-up .El veterinario **administró** hábilmente la vacuna al perro durante su chequeo anual.
therapeutic
[Adjetivo]

(of medicine) related to actions that heal, alleviate, or prevent health issues

terapéutico

terapéutico

Ex: Therapeutic medications are prescribed to manage symptoms .Los medicamentos **terapéuticos** se recetan para controlar los síntomas.
restorative
[Sustantivo]

treatments or therapies aimed at restoring health, function, or vitality to a person or part of the body

restaurador,  reparador

restaurador, reparador

Ex: Palliative care focuses on both curative and restorative measures to improve the quality of life for patients with chronic illnesses.Los cuidados paliativos se centran tanto en medidas curativas como **restaurativas** para mejorar la calidad de vida de los pacientes con enfermedades crónicas.
invasive
[Adjetivo]

(of medical procedures) comprising cutting into the body or body cavities

invasivo

invasivo

preventative
[Adjetivo]

designed to stop something harmful from happening, especially related to health or diseases

preventivo, profiláctico

preventivo, profiláctico

Ex: The clinic offers preventative screenings to detect potential health issues early on .La clínica ofrece varias pruebas **preventivas** para detectar posibles problemas de salud de manera temprana.
inoculation
[Sustantivo]

the process of boosting the immunity system of a person or animal against a disease by vaccination

inoculación

inoculación

side effect
[Sustantivo]

a secondary effect of any drug or medicine, usually an undesirable one

efecto secundario

efecto secundario

Ex: Although the pain reliever worked well for her headaches , she decided to stop taking it due to the side effects that interfered with her daily activities .Aunque el analgésico funcionó bien para sus dolores de cabeza, decidió dejar de tomarlo debido a los desagradables **efectos secundarios** que interferían con sus actividades diarias.
immunodeficiency
[Sustantivo]

a condition where the immune system is weakened, making the person more vulnerable to infections and illnesses

inmunodeficiencia

inmunodeficiencia

Ex: Immunodeficiency may be characterized by a lack of immune system components , like T cells or antibodies .**Inmunodeficiencia** puede caracterizarse por una falta de componentes del sistema inmunológico, como células T o anticuerpos.
immune response
[Sustantivo]

the body's defensive reaction to foreign substances, such as bacteria, viruses, or toxins, involving the activation of immune cells and the production of antibodies

respuesta inmunitaria, reacción inmunológica

respuesta inmunitaria, reacción inmunológica

Ex: immune response can sometimes mistakenly target the body 's own tissues , leading to autoimmune diseases .La **respuesta inmunitaria** a veces puede apuntar por error a los propios tejidos del cuerpo, lo que lleva a enfermedades autoinmunes.
phagotherapy
[Sustantivo]

a medical treatment that uses bacteriophages, or viruses that specifically target and kill bacteria, to combat bacterial infections

fagoterapia, tratamiento con bacteriófagos

fagoterapia, tratamiento con bacteriófagos

placebo
[Sustantivo]

a medicine without any physiological effect that is given to a control group in an experiment to measure the effectiveness of a new drug or to patients who think they need medicine when in reality they do not

placebo

placebo

Ex: Placebo-controlled studies help researchers determine if the observed effects of a new treatment are due to the medication's pharmacological properties or psychological factors.Los estudios controlados con **placebo** ayudan a los investigadores a determinar si los efectos observados de un nuevo tratamiento se deben a las propiedades farmacológicas del medicamento o a factores psicológicos.
infective
[Adjetivo]

related to an infection or having the ability to cause an infection

infeccioso, contagioso

infeccioso, contagioso

Ex: Infective endocarditis is a serious condition caused by bacteria entering the bloodstream .La endocarditis **infecciosa** es una afección grave causada por bacterias que ingresan al torrente sanguíneo.
pathogen
[Sustantivo]

any organism that can cause diseases

agente patógeno

agente patógeno

Ex: pathogen responsible for malaria is transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected mosquito .El **patógeno** responsable de la malaria se transmite a los humanos a través de la picadura de un mosquito infectado.
homeostasis
[Sustantivo]

the tendency of an organism or cell to regulate its internal environment and maintain a stable, balanced condition, despite external changes

homeostasis, equilibrio interno

homeostasis, equilibrio interno

Ex: The release of hormones like adrenaline during stress is part of the body 's response to homeostasis in challenging situations .La liberación de hormonas como la adrenalina durante el estrés es parte de la respuesta del cuerpo para mantener la **homeostasis** en situaciones desafiantes.
psychiatric
[Adjetivo]

relating to the study and treatment of mental illness

psiquiátrico

psiquiátrico

Ex: He specializes psychiatric research focusing on schizophrenia .Se especializa en investigación **psiquiátrica** centrada en la esquizofrenia.
prenatal
[Adjetivo]

related to the period occurring or existing before birth, specifically in relation to the development and care of the fetus during pregnancy

prenatal, antenatal

prenatal, antenatal

Ex: Prenatal yoga classes provide gentle exercises suitable for pregnant womenLas clases de yoga **prenatal** proporcionan ejercicios suaves adecuados para mujeres embarazadas.
embryo
[Sustantivo]

an unhatched or unborn offspring in the process of development, especially a human offspring roughly from the second to the eighth week after fertilization

embrión

embrión

Ex: Ethical debates often arise around the use of embryos in stem cell research and medical treatments .Los debates éticos a menudo surgen alrededor del uso de **embriones** humanos en la investigación con células madre y tratamientos médicos.
developmental
[Adjetivo]

related to the process of growth, progress, or improvement over time

del desarrollo

del desarrollo

Ex: Developmental opportunities within the company support employees ' career growth and skill enhancement .Las oportunidades **de desarrollo** dentro de la empresa apoyan el crecimiento profesional y la mejora de habilidades de los empleados.
lymphoid
[Adjetivo]

related to or resembling lymph or the tissues where lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell, are produced

linfoide, linfático

linfoide, linfático

Ex: Lymphoid malignancies, such as lymphoma, require specialized treatment and care.Las neoplasias malignas **linfoides**, como el linfoma, requieren tratamiento y atención especializados.
lesion
[Sustantivo]

a region in an organ or tissue that has suffered damage through injury, disease, or other causes

lesión

lesión

Ex: The athlete visited the sports medicine specialist for an evaluation of a lesion sustained during training .El atleta visitó al especialista en medicina deportiva para una evaluación de una **lesión** en la rodilla sufrida durante el entrenamiento.
fibrosis
[Sustantivo]

the thickening and scarring of connective tissue, usually as a result of injury or long-term inflammation

fibrosis, esclerosis

fibrosis, esclerosis

Ex: The patient ’s kidney biopsy showed signs fibrosis, indicating a long-standing condition .La biopsia renal del paciente mostró signos de **fibrosis**, lo que indica una condición de larga data.
to implant
[Verbo]

to insert a living tissue or an artificial object into the body via medical procedure

implantar

implantar

Ex: To treat severe arthritis , the orthopedic surgeon implanting an artificial joint in the patient 's knee .Para tratar la artritis severa, el cirujano ortopédico sugirió **implantar** una articulación artificial en la rodilla del paciente.
autopsy
[Sustantivo]

an examination of a deceased person's organs to determine the cause of death

autopsia

autopsia

Ex: The medical examiner 's autopsy contributed to our understanding of the tragedy .La **autopsia** exhaustiva del médico forense contribuyó a nuestra comprensión de la tragedia.
pharmaceutical
[Sustantivo]

relating to the production of drugs or medicine used for medicinal purposes

producto farmacéutico

producto farmacéutico

systolic
[Adjetivo]

relating to the phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle contracts and pumps blood into the arteries

sistólico

sistólico

Ex: systolic phase of the cardiac cycle is crucial for delivering oxygenated blood throughout the body .La fase **sistólica** del ciclo cardíaco es crucial para suministrar sangre oxigenada por todo el cuerpo.
antiseptic
[Sustantivo]

a substance that prevents infection when applied to a wound, especially by killing bacteria

antiséptico

antiséptico

Ex: The doctor recommended using an antiseptic mouthwash to maintain oral hygiene.El médico recomendó usar un enjuague bucal **antiséptico** para mantener la higiene oral.
ascorbic acid
[Sustantivo]

a vitamin that helps keep the body cells healthy and supports the immune system, commonly found in fruits like orange and vegetables like tomatoes

ácido ascórbico, vitamina C

ácido ascórbico, vitamina C

Ex: Maintaining a balanced diet ensures an adequate intake ascorbic acid for overall well-being .Mantener una dieta equilibrada asegura una ingesta adecuada de **ácido ascórbico** para el bienestar general.
digestive system
[Sustantivo]

the group of organs inside the body that absorb the food and pass the waste

aparato digestivo

aparato digestivo

Ex: Disorders of digestive system, like gastritis or Crohn 's disease , can significantly impact overall health and well-being .Los trastornos del **sistema digestivo**, como la gastritis o la enfermedad de Crohn, pueden afectar significativamente la salud y el bienestar general.
respiratory
[Adjetivo]

related to the process of breathing and the organs involved in it, such as the lungs and airways

respiratorio

respiratorio

Ex: Respiratory distress , characterized by difficulty breathing , requires immediate medical attention .La angustia **respiratoria**, caracterizada por dificultad para respirar, requiere atención médica inmediata.
probiotic
[Sustantivo]

a live microorganism, typically bacteria or yeast, that is beneficial to health, especially the digestive system

probiótico, microorganismo vivo beneficioso

probiótico, microorganismo vivo beneficioso

Ex: Fermented foods like kimchi and sauerkraut are rich probiotics.Los alimentos fermentados como el kimchi y el chucrut son ricos en **probióticos**.

to clean something thoroughly to reduce or eliminate germs, bacteria, or other harmful microorganisms

sanitizar, desinfectar

sanitizar, desinfectar

Ex: The grocery store employee sanitizing shopping carts for the next customers .El empleado de la tienda de comestibles está **sanitizando** los carritos de compras para los próximos clientes.
gestational
[Adjetivo]

relating to pregnancy or the period of carrying offspring in the womb

gestacional, relativo a la gestación

gestacional, relativo a la gestación

Ex: The clinic specializes gestational care , providing support throughout pregnancy .La clínica se especializa en atención **gestacional**, brindando apoyo durante todo el embarazo.
sputum
[Sustantivo]

mucus or phlegm that is coughed up from the respiratory tract, typically as a result of infection or disease

esputo, flema

esputo, flema

Ex: Effective treatment of pneumonia often involves clearing the lungs sputum to improve breathing .El tratamiento efectivo de la neumonía a menudo implica limpiar los pulmones de **esputo** para mejorar la respiración.
phlegm
[Sustantivo]

the thick mucus that is formed in the nasal and throat cavities, usually secreted in excessive amounts as a result of common cold

flema

flema

Ex: Over-the-counter medications may help to phlegm production and alleviate symptoms of congestion and coughing .Los medicamentos de venta libre pueden ayudar a reducir la producción de **flema** y aliviar los síntomas de congestión y tos.

a medical imaging technique that uses a small amount of radioactive tracer material to diagnose and monitor diseases such as cancer, heart disease, and neurological disorders

tomografía por emisión de positrones, PET

tomografía por emisión de positrones, PET

Ex: PET scans are often combined with CT or MRI scans for more comprehensive diagnostic evaluation.Los escáneres **tomografía por emisión de positrones** a menudo se combinan con escáneres de TC o RM para una evaluación diagnóstica más completa.
respiration
[Sustantivo]

(anatomy) the act or process of breathing

respiración

respiración

Ex: Infants exhibit respiration rates compared to adults , reflecting their developing respiratory systems .Los bebés exhiben tasas de **respiración** rápidas en comparación con los adultos, lo que refleja el desarrollo de sus sistemas respiratorios.
tonic
[Sustantivo]

a drug that makes one feel stronger, healthier, or better, particularly used to treat exhaustion

tónico

tónico

menopause
[Sustantivo]

the natural biological process that marks the end of a woman's menstrual cycles, typically occurring around the age of 50

menopausia

menopausia

Ex: Regular exercise and a healthy diet can help manage weight gain menopause.El ejercicio regular y una dieta saludable pueden ayudar a controlar el aumento de peso durante la **menopausia**.
body mass index
[Sustantivo]

a numerical measure of an individual's body fat based on their weight and height, often used to assess and categorize body weight in relation to health

índice de masa corporal, IMC

índice de masa corporal, IMC

Ex: Regular exercise and a balanced diet contribute to achieving and maintaining a body mass index.El ejercicio regular y una dieta equilibrada contribuyen a lograr y mantener un **índice de masa corporal** saludable.
rapid eye movement
[Sustantivo]

a stage of sleep characterized by rapid eye movements, vivid dreaming, and muscle paralysis, important for cognitive restoration and memory consolidation

movimiento ocular rápido, sueño paradójico

movimiento ocular rápido, sueño paradójico

Ex: Sleep disorders such as REM behavior disorder can disrupt normal REM sleep cycles.Los trastornos del sueño como el trastorno de conducta del **movimiento ocular rápido** pueden interrumpir los ciclos normales del sueño REM.
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