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Ngôn Ngữ Học - Cấu trúc cú pháp
Ở đây bạn sẽ học một số từ tiếng Anh liên quan đến cấu trúc cú pháp như "phrase", "clause" và "modifier".
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Đố vui
a group of words put together in a meaningful way
cụm từ, thành ngữ
(grammar) a group of words that contains a subject and a verb and functions as a unit within a sentence
mệnh đề, điều khoản
a group of words that forms a statement, question, exclamation, or instruction, usually containing a verb
câu, mệnh đề
(grammar) the person, place, thing, or idea that performs the action or is being described in a sentence
chủ ngữ
(grammar) a noun or noun phrase that is affected by the action of the verb, or is followed by a preposition
tân ngữ, bổ ngữ
a type of clause that asserts the existence of something or someone, typically introduced by a verb or verb phrase expressing existence or occurrence
mệnh đề tồn tại, mệnh đề hiện hữu
the arrangement of words in a sentence, indicating the sequence in which the subject, verb, and other constituents appear
trật tự từ, thứ tự từ ngữ
a fundamental component of a sentence that contains the verb and provides information about the subject, including actions, states, or descriptions
vị ngữ, vị từ
a type of clause that lacks a main verb and functions as a single unit, typically consisting of a subject and a non-finite verb or adjective
mệnh đề nhỏ, mệnh đề tối thiểu
a word or phrase that describes or provides additional information about another word or phrase, typically modifying a noun
thuộc tính, tính từ
a graphical representation of the syntactic structure of a sentence or a string of words in a formal language, illustrating how the components of the sentence are organized hierarchically according to the rules of a given grammar
cây phân tích, cây cú pháp
a formal framework in linguistics that describes the structure of sentences by using rules to generate hierarchical structures called phrases, capturing the relationships between words and phrases within a language
ngữ pháp cấu trúc cụm từ, ngữ pháp cú pháp
a structure composed of a determiner and a noun phrase, serving to specify the reference of the noun phrase
cụm từ xác định, ngữ đoạn xác định
the main or central word in a phrase that determines the grammatical category and syntactic behavior of the entire phrase
từ chính, từ trung tâm
a group of words that function together as a single unit within a sentence, typically forming a phrase or a clause
thành tố, yếu tố cấu thành
(grammar) a group of words including a subject and a verb expressing a complete thought
mệnh đề độc lập, câu độc lập
(grammar) a noun, pronoun, or noun phrase that receives the action of the verb of a sentence
tân ngữ trực tiếp, bổ ngữ trực tiếp
(grammar) any of the noun phrases in a clause that complete the meaning of the predicate
luận cứ, bổ ngữ
a type of subordinate clause that introduces a condition or hypothetical situation, expressing the consequence that would follow if the condition is met
mệnh đề điều kiện, mệnh đề nếu
(grammar) a group of words containing a subject and a verb that is not a sentence on its own but adds information to an independent clause
mệnh đề phụ thuộc, mệnh đề phụ
(grammar) a type of subordinate clause that provides additional information about a noun or pronoun in a sentence
mệnh đề quan hệ, mệnh đề tính ngữ
a group of words that begins with a preposition and typically includes a noun or pronoun, called the object of the preposition
cụm giới từ, ngữ giới từ
a group of words that functions as an adverb, modifying a verb, adjective, or adverb, and typically provides information about time, place, manner, or degree
cụm trạng từ, ngữ trạng từ
a group of words that functions as an adjective, modifying a noun or pronoun, and typically consists of an adjective and any accompanying words or modifiers
cụm tính từ, ngữ tính từ
(grammar) an independent clause followed by one or more dependent clauses or phrases
câu tích lũy, câu có mệnh đề phụ thuộc tích lũy
(grammar) a word, phrase, or clause that is necessary to complete the meaning of a predication
bổ ngữ, phần bổ sung
(grammar) a noun, noun phrase, or pronoun that refers to a person or object for or to whom the action of the verb is done
tân ngữ gián tiếp, bổ ngữ gián tiếp
a syntactic unit that consists of a verb and its associated components, such as objects, adverbs, or complements, and functions as the predicate of a sentence or clause
cụm động từ, ngữ động từ
a group of words that functions as an adverb and includes a preposition and its object, providing additional information about the verb, adjective, or adverb in the sentence
cụm giới từ trạng từ, ngữ giới từ trạng từ
a dependent clause that functions as a noun in a sentence, typically serving as the subject or object of a verb or as the object of a preposition
mệnh đề danh từ, mệnh đề danh ngữ
a group of words centered around a noun that functions as a subject, object, or complement in a sentence, typically consisting of the noun itself along with any accompanying determiners, modifiers, or adjectives
cụm danh từ, ngữ danh từ
a type of subordinate clause that uses an infinitive verb form as its main element and can function as a noun clause, adjective clause, or adverb clause in a sentence
mệnh đề nguyên thể, mệnh đề vô định
a type of clause that contains a finite verb, which indicates tense, mood, and agreement with the subject, and can function as a complete sentence on its own
mệnh đề hữu hạn, mệnh đề chính
a type of clause that includes a gerund, which is a verb form ending in "-ing" that functions as a noun, and it can act as a subject, object, or complement in a sentence
mệnh đề danh động từ, cụm danh động từ
a grammatical role or syntactic function that a word or phrase can take in different clauses within a sentence, often in a pivot construction
trục cú pháp, điểm xoay cú pháp
a syntactic operation that allows constituents to be displaced from their base position to another position in a sentence, often resulting in changes in word order or phrase structure
quy tắc chuyển động, nguyên tắc dịch chuyển
a grammatical construction in which two negative elements are used within the same sentence, often resulting in a positive meaning
phủ định kép, kép phủ định
a word or phrase that provides additional information or clarification to another element in a sentence, often specifying, describing, or limiting its meaning
bổ ngữ, từ hạn định
(grammar) a short question added to the end of a statement that is formed form the same statement
câu hỏi đuôi, câu hỏi xác nhận
a type of question structure in which the speaker presents two alternative choices or possibilities, typically using the same verb or adjective in both options, to inquire about the truth or preference of the statement
câu hỏi A-không-A, câu hỏi dạng A-hoặc-không-A
a sentence structure where the pitch contour of the speaker's voice rises at the end, typically transforming a statement into a question-like intonation pattern, often used for seeking confirmation or expressing uncertainty
tuyên bố tăng, ngữ điệu tăng giống câu hỏi
a sentence structure used to inquire about information or seek confirmation, typically involving a verb-subject inversion and a question intonation pattern, and can be answered with a simple "yes" or "no"
câu hỏi đóng, câu hỏi có-không
a type of question that repeats or echoes part of a previous statement or question as a way of seeking clarification or emphasis
câu hỏi lặp lại, câu hỏi tiếng vọng
a grammatical construction that describes or attributes a property to the subject of a sentence
biểu thức vị ngữ, cấu trúc vị ngữ
the relationship between a predicate and its associated arguments, describing how they are semantically and syntactically connected within a sentence
cấu trúc vị ngữ-đối số, mối quan hệ vị ngữ-đối số
a syntactic process where a wh-word moves from its original position to the beginning of a sentence or a clause for the purpose of forming a question or a relative clause
sự di chuyển wh, quá trình wh di chuyển
a syntactic construction where the preposition is separated from its complement and placed at the end of a sentence or clause
giới từ bị bỏ lại, sự tách giới từ
the structural arrangement of constituents within a sentence, where a constituent can branch into multiple sub-constituents, indicating a hierarchical relationship and the presence of multiple levels of syntactic structure
phân nhánh, nhánh
a syntactic construction where a preposition or a wh-word, along with its associated noun or phrase, is moved to the front of a sentence, creating a more marked or emphasized structure
pied-piping, cấu trúc cú pháp trong đó một giới từ hoặc từ để hỏi
a phrase that consists of an adposition and its complement, which can be a noun, pronoun, or noun phrase, and functions to indicate spatial, temporal, or other relationships between elements in a sentence
cụm giới từ, ngữ giới từ
a syntactic structure that represents the inflectional properties of a word or phrase, including features such as tense, number, gender, and case, and is often associated with the functional category of a head word in a sentence
cụm từ biến tố, ngữ đoạn biến cách
a type of syntactic construction in which a gap or empty position occurs in a sentence, typically within a relative clause, and is licensed by a distant antecedent outside that clause
khoảng trống ký sinh, lỗ hổng ký sinh
a linguistic concept that refers to the variation in languages regarding the directionality of phrase structure, determining whether heads typically precede or follow their dependents within a sentence
thông số hướng đầu, thông số hướng của đầu
a syntactic position in a sentence that is not overtly realized by a word or phrase, but is necessary for grammatical structure and interpretation
danh mục trống, vị trí cú pháp trống
a dependent clause that functions as an adjective, modifying a noun or pronoun by providing additional information or describing its attributes
mệnh đề tính từ, mệnh đề bổ nghĩa
a change in normal word order, especially putting a verb before its subject
đảo ngữ, sự đảo ngược
a syntactic construction in which the negative particle and the subject of a sentence are inverted, often occurring in certain types of negated questions or sentences with negative adverbial expressions at the beginning
đảo ngữ phủ định
the number and types of arguments that a verb can take in a sentence, determining the syntactic and semantic relationships between the verb and its arguments
hóa trị, valency
a type of clause in which some elements, usually the verb or other parts of the clause, are omitted, but their meaning is understood from the context
mệnh đề tỉnh lược, mệnh đề elip
a syntactic construction in which a question or a clause is reduced to a wh-phrase or a wh-word, leaving the rest of the sentence or the antecedent of the wh-phrase unpronounced but recoverable from the context
sự tỉnh lược nghi vấn, cấu trúc với từ nghi vấn tỉnh lược
a syntactic phenomenon that involves reversing the order of the subject and auxiliary verb in a sentence, typically occurring in interrogative sentences, negation, and certain other sentence structures
đảo ngữ chủ ngữ - trợ động từ, hiện tượng đảo ngược chủ ngữ và trợ động từ
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