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Linguistik - Syntaktische Strukturen

Hier lernen Sie einige englische Wörter im Zusammenhang mit syntaktischen Strukturen wie „Phrase“, „Klausel“ und „Modifikator“.

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Words Related to Linguistics
phrase

a group of words put together in a meaningful way

Phrase, Wortgruppe

Phrase, Wortgruppe

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Definition & Bedeutung von "phrase"
clause

(grammar) a group of words that contains a subject and a verb and functions as a unit within a sentence

Teilsatz

Teilsatz

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Definition & Bedeutung von "clause"
sentence

a group of words that forms a statement, question, exclamation, or instruction, usually containing a verb

Satz

Satz

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Definition & Bedeutung von "sentence"
subject

(grammar) the person, place, thing, or idea that performs the action or is being described in a sentence

Subjekt

Subjekt

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Definition & Bedeutung von "subject"
object

(grammar) a noun or noun phrase that is affected by the action of the verb, or is followed by a preposition

Objekt

Objekt

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Definition & Bedeutung von "object"
existential clause

a type of clause that asserts the existence of something or someone, typically introduced by a verb or verb phrase expressing existence or occurrence

existenzielle Klausel, Existenzsatz

existenzielle Klausel, Existenzsatz

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Definition & Bedeutung von "existential clause"
word order

the arrangement of words in a sentence, indicating the sequence in which the subject, verb, and other constituents appear

Wortstellung, Satzstruktur

Wortstellung, Satzstruktur

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Definition & Bedeutung von "word order"
predicate

a fundamental component of a sentence that contains the verb and provides information about the subject, including actions, states, or descriptions

Prädikat, Satzglied

Prädikat, Satzglied

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Definition & Bedeutung von "predicate"
small clause

a type of clause that lacks a main verb and functions as a single unit, typically consisting of a subject and a non-finite verb or adjective

kleine Klausel, Nomenklausel

kleine Klausel, Nomenklausel

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Definition & Bedeutung von "small clause"
attribute

a word or phrase that describes or provides additional information about another word or phrase, typically modifying a noun

Attribut, Merkmal

Attribut, Merkmal

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Definition & Bedeutung von "attribute"
parse tree

a graphical representation of the syntactic structure of a sentence or a string of words in a formal language, illustrating how the components of the sentence are organized hierarchically according to the rules of a given grammar

Parsebaum, Syntaxbaum

Parsebaum, Syntaxbaum

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Definition & Bedeutung von "parse tree"
phrase structure grammar

a formal framework in linguistics that describes the structure of sentences by using rules to generate hierarchical structures called phrases, capturing the relationships between words and phrases within a language

Phrasenstrukturgrammatik, Grammatik der Phrasenstruktur

Phrasenstrukturgrammatik, Grammatik der Phrasenstruktur

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Definition & Bedeutung von "phrase structure grammar"
determiner phrase

a structure composed of a determiner and a noun phrase, serving to specify the reference of the noun phrase

Determinatphrase, Bestimmungsphrase

Determinatphrase, Bestimmungsphrase

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Definition & Bedeutung von "determiner phrase"
head word

the main or central word in a phrase that determines the grammatical category and syntactic behavior of the entire phrase

Stammwort, Hauptwort

Stammwort, Hauptwort

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Definition & Bedeutung von "head word"
constituent

a group of words that function together as a single unit within a sentence, typically forming a phrase or a clause

Konstituent, Element

Konstituent, Element

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Definition & Bedeutung von "constituent"
independent clause

(grammar) a group of words including a subject and a verb expressing a complete thought

unabhängiger Hauptsatz, Selbstständiger Satz

unabhängiger Hauptsatz, Selbstständiger Satz

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Definition & Bedeutung von "independent clause"
direct object

(grammar) a noun, pronoun, or noun phrase that receives the action of the verb of a sentence

direktes Objekt, Akkusativobjekt

direktes Objekt, Akkusativobjekt

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Definition & Bedeutung von "direct object"
argument

(grammar) any of the noun phrases in a clause that complete the meaning of the predicate

Argument, grammatisches Argument

Argument, grammatisches Argument

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Definition & Bedeutung von "argument"
if-clause

a type of subordinate clause that introduces a condition or hypothetical situation, expressing the consequence that would follow if the condition is met

wenn-Clause, Bedingungssatz

wenn-Clause, Bedingungssatz

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Definition & Bedeutung von "if-clause"
dependent clause

(grammar) a group of words containing a subject and a verb that is not a sentence on its own but adds information to an independent clause

abhängiger Satz, Nebensatz

abhängiger Satz, Nebensatz

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Definition & Bedeutung von "dependent clause"
relative clause

(grammar) a type of subordinate clause that provides additional information about a noun or pronoun in a sentence

Relativsatz, Relativklausel

Relativsatz, Relativklausel

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Definition & Bedeutung von "relative clause"
prepositional phrase

a group of words that begins with a preposition and typically includes a noun or pronoun, called the object of the preposition

Präpositionalphrase, Präpositionalsatz

Präpositionalphrase, Präpositionalsatz

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Definition & Bedeutung von "prepositional phrase"
adverbial phrase

a group of words that functions as an adverb, modifying a verb, adjective, or adverb, and typically provides information about time, place, manner, or degree

Adverbialphrase, Adverbiallautsatz

Adverbialphrase, Adverbiallautsatz

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Definition & Bedeutung von "adverbial phrase"
adjective phrase

a group of words that functions as an adjective, modifying a noun or pronoun, and typically consists of an adjective and any accompanying words or modifiers

Adjektivphrase, Adjektivgruppe

Adjektivphrase, Adjektivgruppe

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Definition & Bedeutung von "adjective phrase"
cumulative sentence

(grammar) an independent clause followed by one or more dependent clauses or phrases

kumulative Satz, kumulative Satzstruktur

kumulative Satz, kumulative Satzstruktur

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Definition & Bedeutung von "cumulative sentence"
complement

(grammar) a word, phrase, or clause that is necessary to complete the meaning of a predication

Komplement

Komplement

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Definition & Bedeutung von "complement"
indirect object

(grammar) a noun, noun phrase, or pronoun that refers to a person or object for or to whom the action of the verb is done

indirektes Objekt, indirektes Akkusativobjekt

indirektes Objekt, indirektes Akkusativobjekt

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Definition & Bedeutung von "indirect object"
verb phrase

a syntactic unit that consists of a verb and its associated components, such as objects, adverbs, or complements, and functions as the predicate of a sentence or clause

Verbphrase, Verbumgruppe

Verbphrase, Verbumgruppe

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Definition & Bedeutung von "verb phrase"
adverb prepositional phrase

a group of words that functions as an adverb and includes a preposition and its object, providing additional information about the verb, adjective, or adverb in the sentence

adverbiale Präpositionalphrase, Phrasenelement der Präposition

adverbiale Präpositionalphrase, Phrasenelement der Präposition

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Definition & Bedeutung von "adverb prepositional phrase"
noun clause

a dependent clause that functions as a noun in a sentence, typically serving as the subject or object of a verb or as the object of a preposition

Substantivsatz, Nomenklausel

Substantivsatz, Nomenklausel

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Definition & Bedeutung von "noun clause"
noun phrase

a group of words centered around a noun that functions as a subject, object, or complement in a sentence, typically consisting of the noun itself along with any accompanying determiners, modifiers, or adjectives

Nominalgruppe, Nomenphrase

Nominalgruppe, Nomenphrase

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Definition & Bedeutung von "noun phrase"
infinitive clause

a type of subordinate clause that uses an infinitive verb form as its main element and can function as a noun clause, adjective clause, or adverb clause in a sentence

Infinitivsatz, Infinitivklausel

Infinitivsatz, Infinitivklausel

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Definition & Bedeutung von "infinitive clause"
finite clause

a type of clause that contains a finite verb, which indicates tense, mood, and agreement with the subject, and can function as a complete sentence on its own

finite Klausel, endliche Klausel

finite Klausel, endliche Klausel

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Definition & Bedeutung von "finite clause"
gerund clause

a type of clause that includes a gerund, which is a verb form ending in "-ing" that functions as a noun, and it can act as a subject, object, or complement in a sentence

Gerundialsatz, Gerundiumsatz

Gerundialsatz, Gerundiumsatz

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Definition & Bedeutung von "gerund clause"
syntactic pivot

a grammatical role or syntactic function that a word or phrase can take in different clauses within a sentence, often in a pivot construction

syntaktischer Pivot, grammatischer Pivot

syntaktischer Pivot, grammatischer Pivot

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Definition & Bedeutung von "syntactic pivot"
movement rule

a syntactic operation that allows constituents to be displaced from their base position to another position in a sentence, often resulting in changes in word order or phrase structure

Bewegungsregel, Verschiebungsregel

Bewegungsregel, Verschiebungsregel

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Definition & Bedeutung von "movement rule"
double negative

a grammatical construction in which two negative elements are used within the same sentence, often resulting in a positive meaning

doppelte Verneinung, Doppelverneinung

doppelte Verneinung, Doppelverneinung

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Definition & Bedeutung von "double negative"
modifier

a word or phrase that provides additional information or clarification to another element in a sentence, often specifying, describing, or limiting its meaning

Modifikator, Ergänzung

Modifikator, Ergänzung

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Definition & Bedeutung von "modifier"
tag question

(grammar) a short question added to the end of a statement that is formed form the same statement

Tagfrage, Frageanhängsel

Tagfrage, Frageanhängsel

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Definition & Bedeutung von "tag question"
A-not-A question

a type of question structure in which the speaker presents two alternative choices or possibilities, typically using the same verb or adjective in both options, to inquire about the truth or preference of the statement

A-nicht-A-Frage, A-oder-Nicht-A-Frage

A-nicht-A-Frage, A-oder-Nicht-A-Frage

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Definition & Bedeutung von "A-not-A question"
rising declarative

a sentence structure where the pitch contour of the speaker's voice rises at the end, typically transforming a statement into a question-like intonation pattern, often used for seeking confirmation or expressing uncertainty

steigende Deklaration, aufsteigende Aussage

steigende Deklaration, aufsteigende Aussage

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Definition & Bedeutung von "rising declarative"
yes-no question

a sentence structure used to inquire about information or seek confirmation, typically involving a verb-subject inversion and a question intonation pattern, and can be answered with a simple "yes" or "no"

Ja-Nein-Frage, geschlossene Frage

Ja-Nein-Frage, geschlossene Frage

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Definition & Bedeutung von "yes-no question"
echo question

a type of question that repeats or echoes part of a previous statement or question as a way of seeking clarification or emphasis

Echo-Frage, Wiederholungsfrage

Echo-Frage, Wiederholungsfrage

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Definition & Bedeutung von "echo question"
predicative expression

a grammatical construction that describes or attributes a property to the subject of a sentence

predikative Ausdruck, prädikative Konstruktion

predikative Ausdruck, prädikative Konstruktion

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Definition & Bedeutung von "predicative expression"
predicate-argument structure

the relationship between a predicate and its associated arguments, describing how they are semantically and syntactically connected within a sentence

Prädikat-Argument-Struktur, Struktur von Prädikaten und Argumenten

Prädikat-Argument-Struktur, Struktur von Prädikaten und Argumenten

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Definition & Bedeutung von "predicate-argument structure"
wh-movement

a syntactic process where a wh-word moves from its original position to the beginning of a sentence or a clause for the purpose of forming a question or a relative clause

wh-Bewegung, wh-Verschiebung

wh-Bewegung, wh-Verschiebung

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Definition & Bedeutung von "wh-movement"
preposition stranding

a syntactic construction where the preposition is separated from its complement and placed at the end of a sentence or clause

Präposition-Stranding, Getrennte Präposition

Präposition-Stranding, Getrennte Präposition

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Definition & Bedeutung von "preposition stranding"
branching

the structural arrangement of constituents within a sentence, where a constituent can branch into multiple sub-constituents, indicating a hierarchical relationship and the presence of multiple levels of syntactic structure

Verzweigung, Aufgliederung

Verzweigung, Aufgliederung

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Definition & Bedeutung von "branching"
pied-piping

a syntactic construction where a preposition or a wh-word, along with its associated noun or phrase, is moved to the front of a sentence, creating a more marked or emphasized structure

pied-piping, pied-piping-Konstruktion

pied-piping, pied-piping-Konstruktion

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Definition & Bedeutung von "pied-piping"
adposition phrase

a phrase that consists of an adposition and its complement, which can be a noun, pronoun, or noun phrase, and functions to indicate spatial, temporal, or other relationships between elements in a sentence

Adposition-phrase, Adpositionsphrase

Adposition-phrase, Adpositionsphrase

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Definition & Bedeutung von "adposition phrase"
inflectional phrase

a syntactic structure that represents the inflectional properties of a word or phrase, including features such as tense, number, gender, and case, and is often associated with the functional category of a head word in a sentence

flektierende Phrase, Flexionsphrase

flektierende Phrase, Flexionsphrase

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Definition & Bedeutung von "inflectional phrase"
parasitic gap

a type of syntactic construction in which a gap or empty position occurs in a sentence, typically within a relative clause, and is licensed by a distant antecedent outside that clause

parasitische Lücke, parasitisches Gap

parasitische Lücke, parasitisches Gap

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Definition & Bedeutung von "parasitic gap"
head-directionality parameter

a linguistic concept that refers to the variation in languages regarding the directionality of phrase structure, determining whether heads typically precede or follow their dependents within a sentence

Kopf-Richtungparameter, Parameter der Kopf-Orientierung

Kopf-Richtungparameter, Parameter der Kopf-Orientierung

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Definition & Bedeutung von "head-directionality parameter"
empty category

a syntactic position in a sentence that is not overtly realized by a word or phrase, but is necessary for grammatical structure and interpretation

leere Kategorie, null Kategorie

leere Kategorie, null Kategorie

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Definition & Bedeutung von "empty category"
adjective clause

a dependent clause that functions as an adjective, modifying a noun or pronoun by providing additional information or describing its attributes

Adjektivsatz, Attributive Nebensatz

Adjektivsatz, Attributive Nebensatz

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Definition & Bedeutung von "adjective clause"
inversion

a change in normal word order, especially putting a verb before its subject

Inversion, Umstellung

Inversion, Umstellung

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Definition & Bedeutung von "inversion"
negative inversion

a syntactic construction in which the negative particle and the subject of a sentence are inverted, often occurring in certain types of negated questions or sentences with negative adverbial expressions at the beginning

negative Inversion, Inversion des negativen Subjekts

negative Inversion, Inversion des negativen Subjekts

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Definition & Bedeutung von "negative inversion"
valency

the number and types of arguments that a verb can take in a sentence, determining the syntactic and semantic relationships between the verb and its arguments

Valenz, Valenz eines Verbs

Valenz, Valenz eines Verbs

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Definition & Bedeutung von "valency"
elliptical clause

a type of clause in which some elements, usually the verb or other parts of the clause, are omitted, but their meaning is understood from the context

elliptische Klausel, elliptischer Satz

elliptische Klausel, elliptischer Satz

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Definition & Bedeutung von "elliptical clause"
sluicing

a syntactic construction in which a question or a clause is reduced to a wh-phrase or a wh-word, leaving the rest of the sentence or the antecedent of the wh-phrase unpronounced but recoverable from the context

Sluicing (im grammatikalischen Kontext), wh-Reduktion

Sluicing (im grammatikalischen Kontext), wh-Reduktion

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Definition & Bedeutung von "sluicing"
subject-auxiliary inversion

a syntactic phenomenon that involves reversing the order of the subject and auxiliary verb in a sentence, typically occurring in interrogative sentences, negation, and certain other sentence structures

Subjekt-Hilfsverb-Inversion, Inversion von Subjekt und Hilfsverb

Subjekt-Hilfsverb-Inversion, Inversion von Subjekt und Hilfsverb

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Definition & Bedeutung von "subject-auxiliary inversion"
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