ورود
زبان‌شناسی - ساختارهای نحوی
در اینجا با برخی از کلمات انگلیسی مرتبط با ساختارهای نحوی مانند «عبارت»، «بند» و «تغییرکننده» آشنا خواهید شد.
مرور
فلش‌کارت‌ها
املای کلمه
آزمون
(grammar) a group of words that contains a subject and a verb and functions as a unit within a sentence
جمله‌واره (دستورزبان)
a group of words that forms a statement, question, exclamation, or instruction, usually containing a verb
جمله
(grammar) the person, place, thing, or idea that performs the action or is being described in a sentence
فاعل (دستورزبان)
(grammar) a noun or noun phrase that is affected by the action of the verb, or is followed by a preposition
مفعول (دستورزبان)
a type of clause that asserts the existence of something or someone, typically introduced by a verb or verb phrase expressing existence or occurrence
عبارت وجودی, قید وجودی
the arrangement of words in a sentence, indicating the sequence in which the subject, verb, and other constituents appear
ترتیب کلمات, ساختار جمله
a fundamental component of a sentence that contains the verb and provides information about the subject, including actions, states, or descriptions
پیشوند, مؤلفه
a type of clause that lacks a main verb and functions as a single unit, typically consisting of a subject and a non-finite verb or adjective
عبارت کوچک, عبارت اسمی
a word or phrase that describes or provides additional information about another word or phrase, typically modifying a noun
ویژگی, خصیصه
a graphical representation of the syntactic structure of a sentence or a string of words in a formal language, illustrating how the components of the sentence are organized hierarchically according to the rules of a given grammar
*نمودار درختی تجزیه
a formal framework in linguistics that describes the structure of sentences by using rules to generate hierarchical structures called phrases, capturing the relationships between words and phrases within a language
*دستور زبان ساختار عبارت
a structure composed of a determiner and a noun phrase, serving to specify the reference of the noun phrase
عبارت تعیین کننده, فراز تعیین کننده
the main or central word in a phrase that determines the grammatical category and syntactic behavior of the entire phrase
واژه اصلی, کلمه مرکزی
a group of words that function together as a single unit within a sentence, typically forming a phrase or a clause
مؤلفه, عنصر
(grammar) a group of words including a subject and a verb expressing a complete thought
جمله‌واره پایه, جمله‌واره اصلی
(grammar) a noun, pronoun, or noun phrase that receives the action of the verb of a sentence
مفعول مستقیم
(grammar) any of the noun phrases in a clause that complete the meaning of the predicate
موضوع (زبان‌شناسی)
a type of subordinate clause that introduces a condition or hypothetical situation, expressing the consequence that would follow if the condition is met
قید اگر, جمله شرطی
(grammar) a group of words containing a subject and a verb that is not a sentence on its own but adds information to an independent clause
جمله‌واره پیرو
(grammar) a type of subordinate clause that provides additional information about a noun or pronoun in a sentence
جمله‌واره موصولی (دستورزبان)
a group of words that begins with a preposition and typically includes a noun or pronoun, called the object of the preposition
عبارت پیش‌پازرها, عبارت حرف اضافه
a group of words that functions as an adverb, modifying a verb, adjective, or adverb, and typically provides information about time, place, manner, or degree
عبارت قیدی, فراز قیدی
a group of words that functions as an adjective, modifying a noun or pronoun, and typically consists of an adjective and any accompanying words or modifiers
عبارت صفت, گروه صفت
(grammar) an independent clause followed by one or more dependent clauses or phrases
جمله مرکب
(grammar) a word, phrase, or clause that is necessary to complete the meaning of a predication
متمم (دستورزبان)
(grammar) a noun, noun phrase, or pronoun that refers to a person or object for or to whom the action of the verb is done
مفعول غیرمستقیم (دستورزبان)
a syntactic unit that consists of a verb and its associated components, such as objects, adverbs, or complements, and functions as the predicate of a sentence or clause
عبارت فعلی, گروه فعلی
a group of words that functions as an adverb and includes a preposition and its object, providing additional information about the verb, adjective, or adverb in the sentence
عبارت قید پیش‌نگار, عبارت پیش‌نگاری قید
a dependent clause that functions as a noun in a sentence, typically serving as the subject or object of a verb or as the object of a preposition
جمله نهاد, زیرمجموعه اسم
a group of words centered around a noun that functions as a subject, object, or complement in a sentence, typically consisting of the noun itself along with any accompanying determiners, modifiers, or adjectives
عبارت اسم, گروه اسمی
a type of subordinate clause that uses an infinitive verb form as its main element and can function as a noun clause, adjective clause, or adverb clause in a sentence
قضیه بی‌نهایت, جمله بی‌نهایت
a type of clause that contains a finite verb, which indicates tense, mood, and agreement with the subject, and can function as a complete sentence on its own
عبارت محدود, جمله محدود
a type of clause that includes a gerund, which is a verb form ending in "-ing" that functions as a noun, and it can act as a subject, object, or complement in a sentence
قضیه gerund, جمله gerund
a grammatical role or syntactic function that a word or phrase can take in different clauses within a sentence, often in a pivot construction
پیوت نحوی, پیوت گرامری
a syntactic operation that allows constituents to be displaced from their base position to another position in a sentence, often resulting in changes in word order or phrase structure
قانون حرکت, قانون جابجایی
a grammatical construction in which two negative elements are used within the same sentence, often resulting in a positive meaning
نفی مضاعف
a word or phrase that provides additional information or clarification to another element in a sentence, often specifying, describing, or limiting its meaning
تعدیل‌گر, مکمل
(grammar) a short question added to the end of a statement that is formed form the same statement
پی‌پرسش (دستورزبان)
a type of question structure in which the speaker presents two alternative choices or possibilities, typically using the same verb or adjective in both options, to inquire about the truth or preference of the statement
سوال A-نه-A, سوال A یا نه A
a sentence structure where the pitch contour of the speaker's voice rises at the end, typically transforming a statement into a question-like intonation pattern, often used for seeking confirmation or expressing uncertainty
جمله خبری صعودی, ساختار بیانی صعودی
a sentence structure used to inquire about information or seek confirmation, typically involving a verb-subject inversion and a question intonation pattern, and can be answered with a simple "yes" or "no"
سوال بله-نه, سوال بسته
a type of question that repeats or echoes part of a previous statement or question as a way of seeking clarification or emphasis
سوال اکو, سوال تکراری
a grammatical construction that describes or attributes a property to the subject of a sentence
عبارت توصیفی, ساختار توصیفی
the relationship between a predicate and its associated arguments, describing how they are semantically and syntactically connected within a sentence
ساختار گزاره-آرگومان, ساختار رابطه گزاره و آرگومان
a syntactic process where a wh-word moves from its original position to the beginning of a sentence or a clause for the purpose of forming a question or a relative clause
حرکت wh, جابجایی wh
a syntactic construction where the preposition is separated from its complement and placed at the end of a sentence or clause
جدا شدن حرف اضافه, حرف اضافه در انتهای جمله
the structural arrangement of constituents within a sentence, where a constituent can branch into multiple sub-constituents, indicating a hierarchical relationship and the presence of multiple levels of syntactic structure
شاخه‌بندی, انشعاب
a syntactic construction where a preposition or a wh-word, along with its associated noun or phrase, is moved to the front of a sentence, creating a more marked or emphasized structure
پید-پایپینگ, ساختار پید-پایپینگ
a phrase that consists of an adposition and its complement, which can be a noun, pronoun, or noun phrase, and functions to indicate spatial, temporal, or other relationships between elements in a sentence
عبارت پیش‌پوشی, عبارت ادپوزیشن
a syntactic structure that represents the inflectional properties of a word or phrase, including features such as tense, number, gender, and case, and is often associated with the functional category of a head word in a sentence
عبارت صرفی, گروه صرفی
a type of syntactic construction in which a gap or empty position occurs in a sentence, typically within a relative clause, and is licensed by a distant antecedent outside that clause
گپ پارازیتی, فاصله پارازیتی
a linguistic concept that refers to the variation in languages regarding the directionality of phrase structure, determining whether heads typically precede or follow their dependents within a sentence
پارامتر جهت‌گیری سر, پارامتر سر-جهت
a syntactic position in a sentence that is not overtly realized by a word or phrase, but is necessary for grammatical structure and interpretation
دسته خالی, دسته صفر
a dependent clause that functions as an adjective, modifying a noun or pronoun by providing additional information or describing its attributes
قید صفتی, قضیه صفتی
a change in normal word order, especially putting a verb before its subject
وارونه‌سازی (زبان‌شناسی)
a syntactic construction in which the negative particle and the subject of a sentence are inverted, often occurring in certain types of negated questions or sentences with negative adverbial expressions at the beginning
معکوس منفی, معکوس فاعل منفی
the number and types of arguments that a verb can take in a sentence, determining the syntactic and semantic relationships between the verb and its arguments
ولانسی, ولانسی فعل
a type of clause in which some elements, usually the verb or other parts of the clause, are omitted, but their meaning is understood from the context
قید بیضوی, عبارت بیضوی
a syntactic construction in which a question or a clause is reduced to a wh-phrase or a wh-word, leaving the rest of the sentence or the antecedent of the wh-phrase unpronounced but recoverable from the context
سیلابی کردن (در زمینه گرامری), کاهش wh
a syntactic phenomenon that involves reversing the order of the subject and auxiliary verb in a sentence, typically occurring in interrogative sentences, negation, and certain other sentence structures
*وارونه‌سازی فاعل–فعل کمکی
