언어학 - 구문 구조

a group of words put together in a meaningful way

구절, 문구

(grammar) a group of words that contains a subject and a verb and functions as a unit within a sentence

조항, 절

a group of words that forms a statement, question, exclamation, or instruction, usually containing a verb

문장, 구문

(grammar) the person, place, thing, or idea that performs the action or is being described in a sentence

주어

(grammar) a noun or noun phrase that is affected by the action of the verb, or is followed by a preposition

목적어, 객체

a type of clause that asserts the existence of something or someone, typically introduced by a verb or verb phrase expressing existence or occurrence

존재 절, 존재적 절

the arrangement of words in a sentence, indicating the sequence in which the subject, verb, and other constituents appear

어순, 문장 구조

a fundamental component of a sentence that contains the verb and provides information about the subject, including actions, states, or descriptions

서술어, 프레디케이트

a type of clause that lacks a main verb and functions as a single unit, typically consisting of a subject and a non-finite verb or adjective

작은 절, 명사절

a word or phrase that describes or provides additional information about another word or phrase, typically modifying a noun

특성, 속성

a graphical representation of the syntactic structure of a sentence or a string of words in a formal language, illustrating how the components of the sentence are organized hierarchically according to the rules of a given grammar

구문 트리, 파싱 트리

a formal framework in linguistics that describes the structure of sentences by using rules to generate hierarchical structures called phrases, capturing the relationships between words and phrases within a language

구조 문법, 문구 구성 문법

a structure composed of a determiner and a noun phrase, serving to specify the reference of the noun phrase

한정 구문, 한정어구

the main or central word in a phrase that determines the grammatical category and syntactic behavior of the entire phrase

주요 단어, 헤드 워드

a group of words that function together as a single unit within a sentence, typically forming a phrase or a clause

구성요소, 요소

(grammar) a group of words including a subject and a verb expressing a complete thought

독립절, 주절

(grammar) a noun, pronoun, or noun phrase that receives the action of the verb of a sentence

직접 목, 직접목적어

(grammar) any of the noun phrases in a clause that complete the meaning of the predicate

인수, 문법적 인수

a type of subordinate clause that introduces a condition or hypothetical situation, expressing the consequence that would follow if the condition is met

if 절, 조건절

(grammar) a group of words containing a subject and a verb that is not a sentence on its own but adds information to an independent clause

종속절, 의존절

(grammar) a type of subordinate clause that provides additional information about a noun or pronoun in a sentence

관계절, 관계 구문

a group of words that begins with a preposition and typically includes a noun or pronoun, called the object of the preposition

전치사구, 전치사 구문

a group of words that functions as an adverb, modifying a verb, adjective, or adverb, and typically provides information about time, place, manner, or degree

부사구, 부사적 구문

a group of words that functions as an adjective, modifying a noun or pronoun, and typically consists of an adjective and any accompanying words or modifiers

형용사 구, 형용사 구문

(grammar) an independent clause followed by one or more dependent clauses or phrases

누적 문장, 종속 문장을 포함한 문장

(grammar) a word, phrase, or clause that is necessary to complete the meaning of a predication

보어

(grammar) a noun, noun phrase, or pronoun that refers to a person or object for or to whom the action of the verb is done

간접 목적어, 간접 객체

a syntactic unit that consists of a verb and its associated components, such as objects, adverbs, or complements, and functions as the predicate of a sentence or clause

동사구, 동사군

a group of words that functions as an adverb and includes a preposition and its object, providing additional information about the verb, adjective, or adverb in the sentence

부사 전치사구, 부사적 전치사구

a dependent clause that functions as a noun in a sentence, typically serving as the subject or object of a verb or as the object of a preposition

명사절, 명사 구문

a group of words centered around a noun that functions as a subject, object, or complement in a sentence, typically consisting of the noun itself along with any accompanying determiners, modifiers, or adjectives

명사구, 명사구요

a type of subordinate clause that uses an infinitive verb form as its main element and can function as a noun clause, adjective clause, or adverb clause in a sentence

부정사절, 부정사 문장

a type of clause that contains a finite verb, which indicates tense, mood, and agreement with the subject, and can function as a complete sentence on its own

유한절, 유한어절

a type of clause that includes a gerund, which is a verb form ending in "-ing" that functions as a noun, and it can act as a subject, object, or complement in a sentence

동명사절, 동명사구

a grammatical role or syntactic function that a word or phrase can take in different clauses within a sentence, often in a pivot construction

통사적 피벗, 문법적 피벗

a syntactic operation that allows constituents to be displaced from their base position to another position in a sentence, often resulting in changes in word order or phrase structure

이동 규칙, 움직임 규칙

a grammatical construction in which two negative elements are used within the same sentence, often resulting in a positive meaning

이중 부정, 더블 네거티브

a word or phrase that provides additional information or clarification to another element in a sentence, often specifying, describing, or limiting its meaning

수식어, 수식어구

(grammar) a short question added to the end of a statement that is formed form the same statement

태그 질문, 태그형 질문

a type of question structure in which the speaker presents two alternative choices or possibilities, typically using the same verb or adjective in both options, to inquire about the truth or preference of the statement

A-아닌-A 질문, A 또는 B 질문

a sentence structure where the pitch contour of the speaker's voice rises at the end, typically transforming a statement into a question-like intonation pattern, often used for seeking confirmation or expressing uncertainty

상승 선언, 상승하는 선언적 문장

a sentence structure used to inquire about information or seek confirmation, typically involving a verb-subject inversion and a question intonation pattern, and can be answered with a simple "yes" or "no"

예-아니오 질문, 폐쇄형 질문

a type of question that repeats or echoes part of a previous statement or question as a way of seeking clarification or emphasis

에코 질문, 반복 질문

a grammatical construction that describes or attributes a property to the subject of a sentence

서술어 표현, 서술어 구조

the relationship between a predicate and its associated arguments, describing how they are semantically and syntactically connected within a sentence

술어-인수 구조, 술어-인자의 구조

a syntactic process where a wh-word moves from its original position to the beginning of a sentence or a clause for the purpose of forming a question or a relative clause

wh 이동, wh의 이동

a syntactic construction where the preposition is separated from its complement and placed at the end of a sentence or clause

전치사 격리, 문장 끝의 전치사

the structural arrangement of constituents within a sentence, where a constituent can branch into multiple sub-constituents, indicating a hierarchical relationship and the presence of multiple levels of syntactic structure

분기, 가지

a syntactic construction where a preposition or a wh-word, along with its associated noun or phrase, is moved to the front of a sentence, creating a more marked or emphasized structure

파이드파이핑, 파이드파이핑 구조

a phrase that consists of an adposition and its complement, which can be a noun, pronoun, or noun phrase, and functions to indicate spatial, temporal, or other relationships between elements in a sentence

전치사 구, 전치사 구문

a syntactic structure that represents the inflectional properties of a word or phrase, including features such as tense, number, gender, and case, and is often associated with the functional category of a head word in a sentence

변형 구, 변화구

a type of syntactic construction in which a gap or empty position occurs in a sentence, typically within a relative clause, and is licensed by a distant antecedent outside that clause

기생적 갭, 기생성 공백

a linguistic concept that refers to the variation in languages regarding the directionality of phrase structure, determining whether heads typically precede or follow their dependents within a sentence

헤드 방향성 매개변수, 헤드 방향 파라미터

a syntactic position in a sentence that is not overtly realized by a word or phrase, but is necessary for grammatical structure and interpretation

빈 범주, 제로 범주

a dependent clause that functions as an adjective, modifying a noun or pronoun by providing additional information or describing its attributes

형용사절, 형용사 종속절

a change in normal word order, especially putting a verb before its subject

도치, 단어 순서 변경

a syntactic construction in which the negative particle and the subject of a sentence are inverted, often occurring in certain types of negated questions or sentences with negative adverbial expressions at the beginning

부정적 도치, 부정 주어 도치

the number and types of arguments that a verb can take in a sentence, determining the syntactic and semantic relationships between the verb and its arguments

밸런시, 동사의 밸런시

a type of clause in which some elements, usually the verb or other parts of the clause, are omitted, but their meaning is understood from the context

타원적 절, 생략절

a syntactic construction in which a question or a clause is reduced to a wh-phrase or a wh-word, leaving the rest of the sentence or the antecedent of the wh-phrase unpronounced but recoverable from the context

슬루이싱(문법적 맥락에서), wh 축소

a syntactic phenomenon that involves reversing the order of the subject and auxiliary verb in a sentence, typically occurring in interrogative sentences, negation, and certain other sentence structures

주어-조동사 전환, 주어와 조동사의 전환