a style of sculpture in which shapes are formed in a way that they are marginally elevated from the background

浮雕, 浅浮雕
a sculpture representing someone's head, shoulders, and chest

胸像, 半身像
a type of kinetic art that is created to be suspended from the ceiling and moves with the slightest air currents

移动型艺术, 动态装置
a large object created to look like a person or animal from hard materials such as stone, metal, or wood

雕像, 塑像
a framework or structure made of metal wire or other materials used as a support for shaping and securing the clay, plaster or other materials used in the creation of the sculpture

支架, 骨架
the art or process of making a particular pattern or object by cutting solid material

雕刻, 刻画
a small-scale model or sculpture that is created as a preliminary study or prototype for a larger work, often used to visualize and refine the form and composition of a sculpture before it is created on a larger scale

模型, 样板
a type of artwork that is created by taking an everyday object and transforming it into art by presenting it in a new context or by altering its form, often associated with the works of French artist Marcel Duchamp

现成品, 现成艺术
a thin layer that forms on the surface of some materials because of exposure to different factors

表面薄层, 青铜锈层
a metal tool with a handle and a strong flat-edged blade that is used to shape hard objects, such as wood, metal, etc.

凿子, 雕刻刀
a tool with a metal head and a handle, used for striking nails, etc.

锤子, 榔头
a tool that has two parts that can be moved together by tightening a screw or a lever to hold an object firmly while work is being done on it

虎钳, 台钳
a hammer-like tool with a large wooden or rubber head used for striking or directing objects

木槌, 橡胶锤
a type of furnace or oven that is used for baking or drying pottery, ceramics, or bricks

窑, 炉
a small metal tool with two jaws used for gripping, bending, or cutting materials such as wires, pipes, or small objects

钳子, 夹子
a type of pottery wheel used to shape clay into pottery and other ceramic objects

陶轮, 拉坯机
a type of paper that has sand or another rough material stuck to one side, used for making surfaces smoother or shinier

砂纸, 打磨纸
a metal tool with a toothed blade that is used for cutting wood, metal, etc. by moving back and forth

锯, 锯子
a tool for removing dirt, paint, or other unwanted matter from a surface by scraping

刮刀, 刮器
a process of joining two materials, usually metals or thermoplastics, by melting them with high heat and allowing them to cool and fuse

焊接, 熔接
a tool that uses a very hot flame to cut metal or other hard materials by melting and removing them with a jet of oxygen

切割火炬, 切割 torch
a hand tool specifically designed for cutting wires and cables

线切割器, 电线剪
a technique used in sculpture in which at least half of the circumference of the modeled object is raised form the background

高浮雕, 高立体雕塑
a type of sculpture made from ice. It is usually created by carving a block of ice with a variety of tools, and can be used to create decorative pieces or functional objects

冰雕, 冰块雕塑
a type of sculpture made from sand, usually created by packing sand into a mold or form and then shaping it with a variety of tools

沙堡, 沙城堡
a type of sculpture made from wire. It is usually created by bending and twisting wire into a variety of shapes and figures

铁丝雕塑, 线条雕塑
