the scientific study of climates, including long-term patterns of temperature, humidity, wind, and other atmospheric conditions

气候学, 气候研究
the study of how communication and control work in living organisms and machines, focusing on information flow, feedback, and system regulation

控制论, 研究控制和通信系统的学科
the scientific study of human movement, encompassing the anatomy, physiology, and mechanics involved in physical activity

运动机能学, 人体运动的科学研究
the branch of physics that studies celestial objects and phenomena in the universe, such as stars, galaxies, and cosmic radiation

天体物理学
the branch of physics that deals with the behavior of particles at the smallest scales, governed by principles such as superposition and uncertainty

量子力学
the branch of physiology concerning with the functioning of the nervous system

神经生理学, 神经系统生理学
the science or process of deliberately modifying the features of a living organism by changing its genetic information

基因工程, 基因改造
a physics framework describing forces and particles as interactions within fields

量子场论, 场的量子理论
the branch of biology that focuses on the study of the structure and function of genes at the molecular level

分子遗传学
the study of how the brain processes thoughts and behaviors

认知神经科学, 大脑认知科学
the branch of science that studies fossils

古生物学
the branch of medical science that is concerned with the components of the body's immune system

免疫学, 免疫科学
the branch in medicine that primarily focuses on the distribution and control of diseases

流行病学
the scientific study of earthquakes and seismic waves, providing insights into Earth's interior, tectonic plate movement, and earthquake hazards

地震学, 地震研究
a branch of geology that focuses on the study of volcanoes, volcanic activity, and related phenomena

火山学, 火山研究
the discipline that focuses on the study of water distribution, movement, and quality on Earth's surface and underground

水文学, 水的科学
the discipline that focuses on the scientific study of animal behavior, including its evolutionary origins and ecological significance

动物行为学, 行为生物学
the branch of medicine and physiology dealing with the endocrine system that controls the hormones in one's body

内分泌学
the branch of medical science that primarily focuses on the study of viruses and virus-like agents

病毒学
a branch of zoology concerning the scientific study of insects

昆虫学, 昆虫研究
a branch of zoology concerning the scientific study of birds

鸟类学, 鸟类研究
the branch of zoology that focuses on the study of reptiles and amphibians

爬虫学
the scientific study of fish including their biology, behavior, classification etc.

鱼类学
a branch of medical science that specializes in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer

肿瘤学
the study of inland aquatic ecosystems, including lakes, rivers, ponds, and wetlands

湖沼学, 内陆水生生态系统研究
a branch of medical science primarily focusing on the study of the causes and effects of disease or injury

病理学
a branch of engineering and physics that deals with the mechanical properties of gases, especially air, and the application of pressurized air to produce motion or mechanical effects

气动, 气动学
the branch of philosophy in which knowledge is studied

认识论, 知识论
the study of family lineages and the history of descent

家谱学
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