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the scientific study of climates, including long-term patterns of temperature, humidity, wind, and other atmospheric conditions
气候学
the study of how communication and control work in living organisms and machines, focusing on information flow, feedback, and system regulation
控制论
the scientific study of human movement, encompassing the anatomy, physiology, and mechanics involved in physical activity
运动学
the branch of physics that studies celestial objects and phenomena in the universe, such as stars, galaxies, and cosmic radiation
天体物理学
the branch of physics that deals with the behavior of particles at the smallest scales, governed by principles such as superposition and uncertainty
量子力学, 量子物理
the branch of physiology concerning with the functioning of the nervous system
神经生理学
the science or process of deliberately modifying the features of a living organism by changing its genetic information
基因工程
a physics framework describing forces and particles as interactions within fields
量子场论, 量子场理论
the branch of biology that focuses on the study of the structure and function of genes at the molecular level
分子遗传学
the study of how the brain processes thoughts and behaviors
认知神经科学, 认知脑科学
the branch of medical science that is concerned with the components of the body's immune system
免疫学
the branch in medicine that primarily focuses on the distribution and control of diseases
流行病学
the scientific study of earthquakes and seismic waves, providing insights into Earth's interior, tectonic plate movement, and earthquake hazards
地震学, 地球物理学
a branch of geology that focuses on the study of volcanoes, volcanic activity, and related phenomena
火山学
the discipline that focuses on the study of water distribution, movement, and quality on Earth's surface and underground
水文学
the discipline that focuses on the scientific study of animal behavior, including its evolutionary origins and ecological significance
动物行为学
the branch of medicine and physiology dealing with the endocrine system that controls the hormones in one's body
内分泌学
the branch of medical science that primarily focuses on the study of viruses and virus-like agents
病毒学
the branch of zoology that focuses on the study of reptiles and amphibians
爬虫类学, 研究爬行动物和两生动物的动物学分支
the scientific study of fish including their biology, behavior, classification etc.
鱼类学, 鱼类研究
a branch of medical science that specializes in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer
肿瘤学
the study of inland aquatic ecosystems, including lakes, rivers, ponds, and wetlands
湖沼学
a branch of medical science primarily focusing on the study of the causes and effects of disease or injury
病理学
a branch of engineering and physics that deals with the mechanical properties of gases, especially air, and the application of pressurized air to produce motion or mechanical effects
气动学, 气动学
the branch of biology that focuses on the microscopic study of tissues and cells to understand their structure, function, and organization
组织学
