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C2 Level Wordlist - Scientific Fields and Studies

Here you will learn all the essential words for talking about Scientific Fields and Studies, collected specifically for level C2 learners.

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CEFR C2 Vocabulary

the scientific study of climates, including long-term patterns of temperature, humidity, wind, and other atmospheric conditions

Ex: The study climatology is essential for assessing the risk of natural disasters such as hurricanes and droughts .
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the study of how communication and control work in living organisms and machines, focusing on information flow, feedback, and system regulation

Ex: Cybernetic principles are employed in artificial intelligence systems to enhance learning and problem-solving capabilities.
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the scientific study of human movement, encompassing the anatomy, physiology, and mechanics involved in physical activity

Ex: Research kinesiology informs healthcare practices , helping professionals understand movement disorders and develop effective interventions .
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the branch of physics that studies celestial objects and phenomena in the universe, such as stars, galaxies, and cosmic radiation

Ex: The groundbreaking discoveries astrophysics have revolutionized our understanding of the cosmos and our place within it .
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the branch of physics that deals with the behavior of particles at the smallest scales, governed by principles such as superposition and uncertainty

Ex: quantum mechanics is essential for advances in computing .
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the branch of physiology concerning with the functioning of the nervous system

Ex: neurophysiology course covers topics such as neural signaling , sensory systems , and motor control , providing a comprehensive overview of how the nervous system functions .
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the science or process of deliberately modifying the features of a living organism by changing its genetic information

Ex: Genetic engineering in medicine has led to the development of personalized therapies that target specific genetic mutations in patients .
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a physics framework describing forces and particles as interactions within fields

Ex: Quantum field theory provides a mathematical framework for particle interactions .
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the branch of biology that focuses on the study of the structure and function of genes at the molecular level

Ex: molecular genetics is essential for advancements in genetic engineering .
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the study of how the brain processes thoughts and behaviors

Ex: The goal cognitive neuroscience is to uncover the brain 's inner workings .
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the branch of science that studies fossils

Ex: paleontology, researchers have gained insights into the mass extinction events that have shaped the history of life on our planet .
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the branch of medical science that is concerned with the components of the body's immune system

Ex: immunology has provided valuable insights into how allergic reactions occur and how they can be prevented or managed .
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the branch in medicine that primarily focuses on the distribution and control of diseases

Ex: Epidemiology studies have shown that lifestyle factors , such as diet and exercise , play a significant role in the prevention of many diseases .
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the scientific study of earthquakes and seismic waves, providing insights into Earth's interior, tectonic plate movement, and earthquake hazards

Ex: The principles seismology are applied to investigate the effects of earthquakes on structures and infrastructure .
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a branch of geology that focuses on the study of volcanoes, volcanic activity, and related phenomena

Ex: Volcanology helps predict volcanic eruptions and their impacts .
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hydrology
[noun]

the discipline that focuses on the study of water distribution, movement, and quality on Earth's surface and underground

Ex: Hydrology studies the movement of water in rivers and streams .
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ethology
[noun]

the discipline that focuses on the scientific study of animal behavior, including its evolutionary origins and ecological significance

Ex: The field ethology investigates mating rituals and communication among animals .
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the branch of medicine and physiology dealing with the endocrine system that controls the hormones in one's body

Ex: A career endocrinology requires a deep understanding of the endocrine system , including glands like the pituitary , thyroid , and pancreas .
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virology
[noun]

the branch of medical science that primarily focuses on the study of viruses and virus-like agents

Ex: Students virology learn about various viral pathogens , diagnostic techniques , and strategies for preventing and treating viral infections .
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a branch of zoology concerning the scientific study of insects

Ex: Entomologists study the interactions between insects and their environments, contributing to conservation efforts and biodiversity assessments.
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a branch of zoology concerning the scientific study of birds

Ex: Ornithologists often use bird banding as a method to track migration routes and gather data on bird populations and health.
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the branch of zoology that focuses on the study of reptiles and amphibians

Ex: Researchers herpetology to understand amphibian adaptations to aquatic environments .
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the scientific study of fish including their biology, behavior, classification etc.

Ex: The professor 's groundbreaking research ichthyology led to the discovery of a new fish species in the river .
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oncology
[noun]

a branch of medical science that specializes in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer

Ex: oncology research center is dedicated to finding new treatments and therapies to improve outcomes for cancer patients and ultimately find a cure for the disease .
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limnology
[noun]

the study of inland aquatic ecosystems, including lakes, rivers, ponds, and wetlands

Ex: Limnology contributes to managing and restoring degraded water bodies .
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pathology
[noun]

a branch of medical science primarily focusing on the study of the causes and effects of disease or injury

Ex: The pathologist specializes in forensic pathology, examining evidence from crime scenes to determine the cause of death.
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a branch of engineering and physics that deals with the mechanical properties of gases, especially air, and the application of pressurized air to produce motion or mechanical effects

Ex: Pneumatics is a key component in the field of fluid power , providing a clean and reliable source of energy for various applications .
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the branch of philosophy in which knowledge is studied

Ex: Her paper on education reform addressed not just policies but underlying issues in the philosophy of knowledge epistemology.
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genealogy
[noun]

the study of family lineages and the history of descent

Ex: Genealogy websites and DNA tests have become popular tools for individuals interested in exploring their family history .
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histology
[noun]

the branch of biology that focuses on the microscopic study of tissues and cells to understand their structure, function, and organization

Ex: Histology contributes to advancements in medical research and treatment .
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C2 Level Wordlist
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