C2 Level Wordlist - Scientific Fields and Studies

Here you will learn all the essential words for talking about Scientific Fields and Studies, collected specifically for level C2 learners.

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climatology [noun]

the scientific study of climates, including long-term patterns of temperature, humidity, wind, and other atmospheric conditions

Ex: Understanding climatology is crucial for developing strategies to mitigate the effects of climate change .

cybernetics [noun]

the study of how communication and control work in living organisms and machines, focusing on information flow, feedback, and system regulation

Ex: In robotics , cybernetics plays a crucial role in creating machines capable of adaptive and responsive behavior .

kinesiology [noun]

the scientific study of human movement, encompassing the anatomy, physiology, and mechanics involved in physical activity

Ex: Exercise physiologists draw on kinesiology to create personalized fitness plans for individuals based on their movement capabilities .

astrophysics [noun]

the branch of physics that studies celestial objects and phenomena in the universe, such as stars, galaxies, and cosmic radiation

Ex: The astrophysics department at the university is renowned for its research on dark matter and dark energy .

quantum mechanics [noun]

the branch of physics that deals with the behavior of particles at the smallest scales, governed by principles such as superposition and uncertainty

Ex: Quantum mechanics revolutionized our understanding of the universe .

neurophysiology [noun]

the branch of physiology concerning with the functioning of the nervous system

Ex: In her neurophysiology lab , Dr. Smith conducts experiments to investigate the electrical properties of neurons and synapses .

genetic engineering [noun]

the science or process of deliberately modifying the features of a living organism by changing its genetic information

Ex: Advances in genetic engineering techniques , such as CRISPR-Cas9 , have revolutionized the field by allowing precise editing of DNA sequences .

quantum field theory [noun]

a physics framework describing forces and particles as interactions within fields

Ex: Research in quantum field theory aims to unify the fundamental forces .

molecular genetics [noun]

the branch of biology that focuses on the study of the structure and function of genes at the molecular level

Ex: Molecular genetics helps uncover the genetic basis of traits and diseases .

cognitive neuroscience [noun]

the study of how the brain processes thoughts and behaviors

Ex: The field of cognitive neuroscience explores decision-making processes .

paleontology [noun]

the branch of science that studies fossils

Ex: The university offers a paleontology course that covers the study of fossils , evolutionary biology , and ancient ecosystems .

immunology [noun]

the branch of medical science that is concerned with the components of the body's immune system

Ex: Researchers in immunology are exploring new treatments for autoimmune diseases , where the immune system mistakenly attacks the body ’s own tissues .

epidemiology [noun]

the branch in medicine that primarily focuses on the distribution and control of diseases

Ex: The professor 's research in epidemiology focuses on identifying risk factors for chronic diseases like diabetes and heart disease .

seismology [noun]

the scientific study of earthquakes and seismic waves, providing insights into Earth's interior, tectonic plate movement, and earthquake hazards

Ex: Advances in seismology have improved our ability to predict and assess earthquake risks in specific regions .

volcanology [noun]

a branch of geology that focuses on the study of volcanoes, volcanic activity, and related phenomena

Ex: Volcanology examines how volcanoes form and erupt .

hydrology [noun]

the discipline that focuses on the study of water distribution, movement, and quality on Earth's surface and underground

Ex: The field of hydrology investigates groundwater recharge and storage .

ethology [noun]

the discipline that focuses on the scientific study of animal behavior, including its evolutionary origins and ecological significance

Ex: Ethology helps explain animal migration patterns and territorial behavior .

endocrinology [noun]

the branch of medicine and physiology dealing with the endocrine system that controls the hormones in one's body

Ex: The endocrinology clinic specializes in managing conditions such as hypothyroidism , adrenal insufficiency , and polycystic ovary syndrome .

virology [noun]

the branch of medical science that primarily focuses on the study of viruses and virus-like agents

Ex: The virology lab at the research institute is focused on understanding the mechanisms of viral replication and mutation .

entomology [noun]

a branch of zoology concerning the scientific study of insects

Ex: The entomology department at the university conducts research on insect behavior , physiology , and taxonomy .

ornithology [noun]

a branch of zoology concerning the scientific study of birds

Ex: The ornithology class at the university involves field trips to observe and identify different bird species in their natural environments .

herpetology [noun]

the branch of zoology that focuses on the study of reptiles and amphibians

Ex: The field of herpetology investigates the diversity of lizard species .

ichthyology [noun]

the scientific study of fish including their biology, behavior, classification etc.

Ex: The professor 's groundbreaking research in ichthyology led to the discovery of a new fish species in the river .

oncology [noun]

a branch of medical science that specializes in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer

Ex: Recent advances in oncology have led to targeted therapies and immunotherapies that have improved survival rates for certain types of cancer .

limnology [noun]

the study of inland aquatic ecosystems, including lakes, rivers, ponds, and wetlands

Ex: Limnology explores how climate change affects freshwater habitats .

pathology [noun]

a branch of medical science primarily focusing on the study of the causes and effects of disease or injury

Ex: The pathology report revealed the presence of malignant cells , confirming the diagnosis of cancer .

pneumatics [noun]

a branch of engineering and physics that deals with the mechanical properties of gases, especially air, and the application of pressurized air to produce motion or mechanical effects

Ex: The study of pneumatics is crucial for designing and optimizing systems that rely on compressed air for various engineering applications .

epistemology [noun]

the branch of philosophy that studies the nature, sources, and limits of knowledge

Ex: Skepticism is a central topic in epistemology .

genealogy [noun]

the study of family lineages and the history of descent

Ex: Genealogy websites and DNA tests have become popular tools for individuals interested in exploring their family history .

histology [noun]

the branch of biology that focuses on the microscopic study of tissues and cells to understand their structure, function, and organization

Ex: Studying histology reveals insights into the function of organs .

C2 Level Wordlist
Size and Magnitude	Weight and Stability	Quantity	Intensity
Pace	Shapes	Importance and Essentiality	Commonness and Uniqueness
Difficulty and Challenge	Price and Luxuriousness	Quality	Success and Wealth
Failure and Poverty	Body Shape	Age and Appearance	Comprehension and Intelligence
Personal Traits	Emotional States	Trigerring Emotions	Feelings
Relationship Dynamics and Connections	Social and Moral Behaviors	Tastes and Smells	Sounds
Textures	Thoughts and Decisions	Complaint and Criticism	Harmony and Discord
Communication and Discussion	Body Language and Emotional Actions	Order and Permission	Advice and Influence
Honor and Admiration	Request and Answer	Attempt and Prevention	Changing and Forming
Movements	Preparing Food	Food and Drinks	Natural Environment
Animals	Weather and Temperature	Disaster and Pollution	Work Environment
Occupations	Accommodation	Transportation	Tourism and Migration
Hobbies and Routines	Sports	Arts	Cinema and Theater
Literature	Music	Clothes and Fashion	Architecture
History	Culture and Custom	Society	Religion
Philosophy	Linguistics	Politics	Law
Crime	Punishment	War and Army	Government
Education	Media	Technology and Internet	Marketing and Advertisement
Shopping	Business and Management	Finance	Scientific Fields and Studies
Medicine	Health Condition	Recovery and Treatment	Human Body
Psychology	Biology	Chemistry	Physics
Astronomy	Mathematics	Geology	Engineering
Measurement