This vs. These

demonstrative determiners demonstrative pronouns this these

'This' and 'these' are both demonstratives. They point to a specific noun in a sentence. Here we will briefly look at their similarities and differences.

"This" vs. "These" in the English Grammar

Similarities

'This' and 'these' are called demonstratives. It means they point to a person or object close to us. This 'closeness' can be physical and temporal, i.e. it can be related to the physical position of the thing or object or it can refer to the nearness in time.

Differences

'This' is used with singular and uncountable nouns;
'These' is used with plural nouns.

This book is my favorite.

You're too old to play with these dolls.

Uncountable Nouns: This or These?

Uncountable nouns such as water, tea, butter, milk, air, rice, anger, money, information, etc. have no plural form. So, we must use 'this' for indicating them.

Take this money and just go.

This milk is expired. It tastes sour.

You must somehow manage to control this anger.

Demonstrative Pronouns: Introducing or Identifying

'This' and 'these' are also used for introducing someone to another or identifying someone or yourself, especially on the phone or at the door. Look at these examples:

Alice, these are my parents, Shelly and Mike.

Hello, this is Kim speaking.

Differentiating between Things

If we want to talk about the 'proximity' of things, we can differentiate between things/persons near to us as opposed to things/persons far from us by using 'this/these vs. that/those'. 'This /these' refers to something 'here', while 'that/those' points to something 'there.'

This café has far better coffee than that across the street.

I like these blue pants. Those gray ones were a bit short.

Demonstrative Pronoun or Determiner?

As you might have noticed from the examples, 'this' and 'these' can both be determiners and pronouns. When they are followed by a noun or a noun phrase, they're called 'demonstrative determiners'. On the other hand, if they appear alone, they are called 'pronouns' because they replace a noun phrase.

Here take this. This helps.

These are the best of our winter collection.

They vs. Their

'They' and 'them' are both refer to a group of people, but they function differently in a sentence because they take different grammatical roles.

They vs. These or Those

'These' and 'Those' are called plural demonstratives. We use them as determiners and pronouns. But are they interchangeable with the plural pronoun 'they'?

This vs. That

'This' and 'that' are singular demonstratives. 'This' is used to point to a noun being close to us and 'that' is used to refer to something far from us.

That vs. Which

In the English language, we have three main relative pronouns: who, which, that. Here, we will discuss the similarities and differences between the last two.

That vs. Those

'That' and 'those' are both demonstratives. They point to a specific noun in a sentence. Here we will briefly look at their similarities and differences.

That vs. Who or Whom

'Who', 'whom', and 'that' are all relative pronouns. Two of them are used as a subject and one of them is the object. If you want to which is which, read this!