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Basic Sciences - Reproduction

Study terms related to reproductive cells and organs, fertilization, gestation, embryonic development, and modes of reproduction.

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reproduction

the biological process by which organisms produce new individuals, either sexually through gamete fusion or asexually by mechanisms such as budding, fission, or spore formation

Ex: Scientists study the reproductive cycles of coral to plan reef restoration projects that rely on timed spawning events. 
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reproductive
reproductive
[Adjective]

relating to processes and behaviors involved in the creation of offspring within a species

Ex: Reproductive organs in animals and plants facilitate the production of offspring. 
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egg
egg
[noun]

an oval or rounded object laid by birds, reptiles, fish, or certain invertebrates as part of their reproductive process

Ex: In the aquarium, they watched the fish lay tiny eggs. 
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ovum
ovum
[noun]

a mature, female reproductive cell or egg, typically larger than a sperm cell, capable of fusing with a sperm cell during fertilization to form a zygote

Ex: Human females typically release one ovum during each menstrual cycle. 
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to ovulate

(of a female animal or human) to produce an ovum from the ovary

Ex: To understand her cycle, she tracked when she ovulates. 
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semen
semen
[noun]

a fluid containing sperm and various secretions from the male reproductive organs, ejaculated during sexual intercourse for the purpose of fertilization

Ex: The fertility specialist analyzed the semen sample to assess sperm health. 
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sperm
sperm
[noun]

the smallest and most motile cells in the male reproductive system responsible for fertilizing the female egg

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fetus
fetus
[noun]

an offspring of a human or animal that is not born yet, particularly a human aged more than eight weeks after conception

Ex: The ultrasound showed that the fetus was developing normally. 
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embryo
embryo
[noun]

an unhatched or unborn offspring in the process of development, especially a human offspring roughly from the second to the eighth week after fertilization

Ex: During the first trimester, the human embryo undergoes rapid cell division and differentiation to form essential organs. 
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asexual
asexual
[Adjective]

not having any sexual characteristics or reproductive organs

Ex: The bacteria reproduced through asexual division, creating identical offspring. 
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bisexual
bisexual
[Adjective]

(of a flower) having both male and female reproductive organs

Ex: The plant is bisexual, producing both stamens and pistils in each flower. 
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fertile
fertile
[Adjective]

(of an animal, person, or plant) able to produce offspring, fruit, or seed

Ex: She learned that some plants are more fertile in certain climates. 
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to fertilize

to introduce male reproductive cells into the female reproductive system for reproduction

Ex: The veterinarian helped fertilize the cow through artificial insemination. 
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gamete
gamete
[noun]

a special cell used for reproduction, with sperm cells being the male gametes and egg cells being the female gametes

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zygote
zygote
[noun]

(biology) the cell formed when a sperm and egg join, which grows into a new organism

Ex: The zygote begins dividing within hours after fertilization occurs. 
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hybrid
hybrid
[noun]

an animal or plant with parents that belong to different breeds or varieties

Ex: The farmer proudly displayed his new hybrid, a cross between a Brahman and an Angus, which combined the best traits of both cattle breeds. 
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gestation
gestation
[noun]

(biology) the period during which an embryo or fetus develops inside the mother's womb

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placenta
placenta
[noun]

an organ in the womb that supplies the baby with nutrients and oxygen during pregnancy

Ex: The placenta was examined after the birth. 
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uterus
uterus
[noun]

(anatomy) the organ in the female body where the fetus is conceived and grown before being born

Ex: The uterus undergoes contractions during labor to expel the baby. 
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testis
testis
[noun]

a male reproductive organ responsible for the production of sperm and the secretion of testosterone

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reproductive cell

(biology) a sperm or egg cell that carries DNA from a parent to offspring

Ex: Each reproductive cell contains half the genetic material of a normal body cell. 
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