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SAT Natural Sciences - Physical Features

Here you will learn some English words related to physical features, such as "aroma", "velocity", "sweltering", etc. that you will need to ace your SATs.

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SAT Vocabulary for Natural Sciences
combustion

the process of burning, characterized by the chemical reaction between a fuel and oxygen that produces heat and light

Ex: The combustion of gasoline in car engines powers vehicles. 
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ignition
ignition
[noun]

the process or act of setting something on fire or starting a combustion reaction, especially in an engine or device

Ex: The car's ignition failed, preventing it from starting. 
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odor
odor
[noun]

a distinctive and often unpleasant smell or scent that is produced by a substance or object

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aroma
aroma
[noun]

a pleasant and noticeable smell that adds to the experience of something

Ex: The aroma of freshly baked bread filled the kitchen. 
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tang
tang
[noun]

a sharp and distinctive taste, typically associated with acidity or a lively and refreshing quality

Ex: The pineapple had a tropical tang, making it a juicy and flavorful fruit. 
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capacity
capacity
[noun]

the volume or amount that can be contained in a space or container

Ex: The stadium's seating capacity is 50,000. 
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durability

the ability of an object or material to withstand wear, pressure, or damage over time, without significant deterioration

Ex: The durability of the new smartphone was tested through rigorous drop and impact tests. 
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splendor
splendor
[noun]

the impressive beauty or magnificence of something, often characterized by richness, brilliance, or grandeur

Ex: The palace was known for its architectural splendor, with intricate carvings and gilded domes. 
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glitz
glitz
[noun]

the flashy or extravagant appearance or effect of something, often associated with glamour, sparkle, or showiness

Ex: The fashion show was full of glitz and glamour, with models wearing sequined dresses and elaborate makeup. 
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glamour
glamour
[noun]

the exciting and attractive quality of a person, place, etc. that makes them desirable

Ex: The actress exuded glamour as she walked the red carpet in a sparkling, designer gown. 
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buoyancy
buoyancy
[noun]

the tendency of an object to float or rise in a fluid, like water or air, due to the upward force exerted by the fluid

Ex: Life jackets rely on buoyancy to keep people safe in water. 
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velocity
velocity
[noun]

the speed at which something moves in a specific direction

Ex: The velocity of an object is the rate of change of its position with respect to time. 
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inert
inert
[Adjective]

not moving or active

Ex: The inert rock lay undisturbed at the bottom of the river. 
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artificial
artificial
[Adjective]

made by humans rather than occurring naturally in nature

Ex: Artificial sweeteners are used as sugar substitutes in many food and beverage products. 
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synthetic
synthetic
[Adjective]

produced artificially, typically based on its natural version

Ex: Synthetic fabrics like polyester are created through chemical processes rather than being directly sourced from plants or animals. 
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mechanical
mechanical
[Adjective]

(of an object) powered by machinery or an engine

Ex: The mechanical device automatically sorts items based on size and weight. 
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tangible
tangible
[Adjective]

capable of being felt or touched

Ex: The soft texture of the fabric was immediately tangible as she ran her fingers over it. 
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sweltering
sweltering
[Adjective]

extremely hot and uncomfortable, often causing sweating

Ex: The sweltering heat made it feel like an oven outside. 
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fragrant
fragrant
[Adjective]

having a pleasant or sweet-smelling aroma

Ex: The freshly baked bread was fragrant, filling the kitchen with a warm and inviting aroma. 
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pristine
pristine
[Adjective]

perfectly clean or spotless, devoid of any dirt, marks, or impurities

Ex: The kitchen gleamed with pristine cleanliness after a thorough scrubbing. 
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grimy
grimy
[Adjective]

covered with a thick layer of dirt

Ex: The mechanic's hands were grimy from working on the engine. 
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perishable
perishable
[Adjective]

having the ability to decay, rot, or spoil quickly, particularly of foods

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spatial
spatial
[Adjective]

relating to space or the physical dimensions of an area or object

Ex: Architects use spatial planning to optimize room layouts in buildings. 
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topological
topological
[Adjective]

related to the arrangement and connections of spaces or objects that remain unchanged under continuous transformations like stretching or bending

Ex: The topological layout of the city's subway system affects commuting efficiency. 
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immaculate
immaculate
[Adjective]

free from any stain or dirt

Ex: She kept her house immaculate, with every surface gleaming and spotless. 
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airtight
airtight
[Adjective]

sealed or closed completely to prevent air or gas from entering or escaping

Ex: The container was airtight, keeping the food fresh for an extended period. 
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ballistic
ballistic
[Adjective]

related to the flight or motion of objects that are propelled or shot, especially bullets, missiles, or projectiles

Ex: The ballistic trajectory of the missile was carefully calculated before launch. 
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gruffly
gruffly
[Adverb]

in a rough, harsh, or abrupt manner, often indicating blunt or unfriendly speech or behavior

Ex: He replied gruffly when asked about his plans for the weekend. 
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flammable
flammable
[Adjective]

easily and quickly burned

Ex: Gasoline is highly flammable and should be stored in a safe and well-ventilated area. 
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caustic
caustic
[Adjective]

the ability to chemically corrode or eat away materials, typically referring to strong acids

Ex: Extreme caution must be exercised when handling caustic materials to avoid accidents and injury. 
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unruffled
unruffled
[Adjective]

related to water that is calm, smooth, and undisturbed, often with a surface that reflects light evenly

Ex: The lake's unruffled surface mirrored the clear blue sky above. 
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dank
dank
[Adjective]

damp, musty, and often cold or unpleasantly humid

Ex: The cellar was filled with dank air, its musty odor clinging to every surface. 
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viscous
viscous
[Adjective]

thick and sticky, resembling the consistency of glue

Ex: After cooling, the melted sugar became viscous, perfect for crafting candy. 
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rickety
rickety
[Adjective]

shaky, unstable, or likely to collapse due to being old or poorly constructed

Ex: The old bridge was rickety and swayed with each step. 
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untainted
untainted
[Adjective]

free from any form of corruption, pollution, or impurity and external influences

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savory
savory
[Adjective]

pleasing or agreeable to the sense of taste

Ex: The savory aroma of the roasted chicken filled the kitchen, making everyone's mouth water. 
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old-fashioned
old-fashioned
[Adjective]

no longer used, supported, etc. by the general public, typically belonging to an earlier period in history

Ex: The old-fashioned rotary telephone seemed out of place in the modern office. 
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outdated
outdated
[Adjective]

no longer matching the current trends or standards because of being too old

Ex: His outdated smartphone, lacking modern features and capabilities, struggled to keep up with the latest apps and software updates. 
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obsolete
obsolete
[Adjective]

outdated and gone out of style, often replaced by more current trends or advancements

Ex: The flip phone has become obsolete in an era dominated by smartphones. 
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modernized
modernized
[Adjective]

updated with modern technology or methods

Ex: The factory was modernized to increase production. 
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to reek
to reek
[Verb]

to emit a strong and offensive odor

Ex: The stagnant water in the pond began to reek after days of no movement. 
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to overshadow

to cast a shadow over something, partially or fully blocking light

Ex: The tree's branches overshadowed the garden. 
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