Cambridge IELTS 18 - Academic - Test 4 - Reading - Passage 3 (2)

Here you can find the vocabulary from Test 4 - Reading - Passage 3 (2) in the Cambridge IELTS 18 - Academic coursebook, to help you prepare for your IELTS exam.

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influence [noun]

a mental factor that impacts actions or decisions

Ex: Cultural upbringing can be a significant influence on one 's perspective .

to advance [verb]

to help something progress or succeed

Ex: The athlete followed a rigorous training regimen to advance their skills .

contact [noun]

an individual with whom one has established a professional or personal relationship, typically for the purpose of obtaining information, assistance, etc.

Ex: Networking events are a great way to establish new contacts and expand your professional circle .

study [noun]

a room in a house where a person reads or writes something

Ex: In the evenings , I retreat to my study to work on my novel .

observation [noun]

a fact or piece of information gathered by noticing or watching something carefully

Ex: There are three key observations that challenge the validity of the argument .

extensive [adjective]

covering a wide range, indicating thoroughness or comprehensiveness

Ex: His knowledge of cars is extensive ; he can fix almost any problem .

speculation [noun]

the creation of theories or opinions about something with no fact or proof

Ex: He engaged in speculation about the reasons behind the sudden policy change .

parallel [adjective]

having a comparable nature, structure, or function to something else

Ex: The challenges faced by the two companies were parallel in many ways .

biographer [noun]

someone who writes the story about the events of someone's life

accurate [adjective]

(of measurements, information, etc.) free from errors and matching facts

Ex: The data was checked and found to be accurate , with no discrepancies .

to [take] shape [phrase]

to develop into a recognizable or distinct form or structure

to evolve [verb]

to develop from a simple form to a more complex or sophisticated one over an extended period

Ex: Organizational structures can evolve as companies grow and adapt to changing needs .

firmly [adverb]

in a resolute, determined, or unwavering manner, often indicating certainty or strength of conviction

Ex: He firmly rejected the idea of changing the project 's direction .

to [be] of the opinion that [phrase]

to believe something to be the case

sense [noun]

an overall, conscious recognition or understanding of a situation, feeling, or environment

Ex: There was a sense of unease in the room as they awaited the verdict .

apparent [adjective]

seeming to be true but not necessarily

Ex: The apparent chaos in the room was actually part of the plan .

retrospectively [adverb]

considering things from a past point of view

Ex: The report examined the financial data retrospectively to understand trends .

happenstance [noun]

an event that happens by chance, especially a fortunate one

coherent [adjective]

logical and consistent, forming a unified and clear whole, especially in arguments, theories, or policies

Ex: The plan for the project was coherent , outlining clear objectives and steps for implementation .

narrative [noun]

a way of telling a story or explaining a situation to support a particular view or goal

Ex: Activists used a compelling narrative to advocate for social change .

to dispute [verb]

to doubt a fact or to call its truth into question

Ex: The historians disputed the authenticity of the ancient artifact , suspecting it was a forgery .

to defend [verb]

to support someone or try to justify an action, plan, etc.

Ex: He had to defend his business decisions during the board meeting .

respected [adjective]

admired and valued by others for one's qualities, achievements, or actions

Ex: The respected journalist was known for her unbiased reporting and insightful analysis .

publication [noun]

a printed work, such as a book, magazine, etc. that is publicly distributed

Ex: The publication of the novel was delayed due to printing issues .

to rely on [verb]

to depend on someone or something for support and assistance

Ex: Many students rely on scholarships to fund their education .

range [noun]

a variety of things that are different but are of the same general type

Ex: The restaurant 's menu features a range of dishes from different cuisines around the world .

modest [adjective]

relatively moderate, limited, or small in scope, size, or amount

Ex: He received a modest salary for his work .

vast [adjective]

extremely great in extent, size, or area

Ex: She inherited a vast estate that included forests , lakes , and farmland .

record-breaking [adjective]

surpassing anything that has been done before, particularly beyond any previous record

Ex: The event attracted a record-breaking number of spectators .

debate [noun]

a discussion about a particular issue between two opposing sides, mainly held publicly

Ex: A heated debate erupted in the council meeting over the proposed budget cuts .

hazardous [adjective]

presenting danger or threat, particularly to people's health or safety

Ex: The hazardous road conditions made driving treacherous during the snowstorm .

perspective [noun]

a specific manner of considering something

Ex: The artist 's paintings reflect his abstract perspective on nature and life .

desirable [adjective]

worth doing or having

Ex: The vintage car 's impeccable condition and rarity made it highly desirable among collectors .

to indicate [verb]

to mention or express something in few words

Ex: The teacher indicated the due date for the assignment on the syllabus .

particularly [adverb]

to a degree that is higher than usual

Ex: She found the last chapter of the book particularly moving .

ambitious [adjective]

trying or wishing to gain great success, power, or wealth

Ex: Maria is an ambitious student , always aiming for top grades and participating in numerous extracurricular activities .

to adopt [verb]

to accept, embrace, or incorporate a particular idea, practice, or belief into one's own behavior or lifestyle

Ex: If more people adopt environmentally conscious habits , the planet would benefit .

to doubt [verb]

to not believe or trust in something's truth or accuracy

Ex: If you consistently doubt your abilities , it can hinder personal growth .

to ensure [verb]

to make sure that something will happen

Ex: The teacher is ensuring that students understand the new lesson .

sufficient [adjective]

having enough of something to meet a particular need or requirement

Ex: The team had a sufficient number of players to compete in the tournament .

guide [noun]

a person who leads or advises others on the way to go

Ex: He served as a guide , helping new employees navigate company policies .

to [make] sense [phrase]

to be understandable in a way that is reasonable

Ex: It does n't make sense to drive all the way there when we can just take the bus .

to urge [verb]

to strongly recommend something

Ex: The therapist urged honesty in discussing emotions and feelings during therapy sessions .

interruption [noun]

an abrupt event that stops or disrupts something in progress

Ex: He apologized for the interruption and quickly continued his presentation .

change of mind [noun]

a decision to reverse an earlier decision

renewed [adjective]

restored to a new condition

to entail [verb]

to require or involve certain actions, conditions, or consequences as a necessary part of a situation or decision

Ex: Winning the championship entails rigorous training and dedication from the team .

to publish [verb]

to produce a newspaper, book, etc. for the public to purchase

Ex: The author finally published his first book .

exception [noun]

a person or thing that does not follow a general rule or is excluded from a class or group

Ex: The rule states that all employees must clock in by 9 AM , but she is an exception due to her flexible work hours .

Cambridge IELTS 18 - Academic
Test 1 - Listening - Part 1	Test 1 - Listening - Part 2 (1)	Test 1 - Listening - Part 2 (2)	Test 1 - Listening - Part 3 (1)
Test 1 - Listening - Part 3 (2)	Test 1 - Listening - Part 4 (1)	Test 1 - Listening - Part 4 (2)	Test 1 - Reading - Passage 1 (1)
Test 1 - Reading - Passage 1 (2)	Test 1 - Reading - Passage 2 (1)	Test 1 - Reading - Passage 2 (2)	Test 1 - Reading - Passage 3 (1)
Test 1 - Reading - Passage 3 (2)	Test 2 - Listening - Part 1	Test 2 - Listening - Part 2 (1)	Test 2 - Listening - Part 2 (2)
Test 2 - Listening - Part 3 (1)	Test 2 - Listening - Part 3 (2)	Test 2 - Listening - Part 4	Test 2 - Reading - Passage 1 (1)
Test 2 - Reading - Passage 1 (2)	Test 2 - Reading - Passage 1 (3)	Test 2 - Reading - Passage 2 (1)	Test 2 - Reading - Passage 2 (2)
Test 2 - Reading - Passage 2 (3)	Test 2 - Reading - Passage 3 (1)	Test 2 - Reading - Passage 3 (2)	Test 2 - Reading - Passage 3 (3)
Test 3 - Listening - Part 1	Test 3 - Listening - Part 2	Test 3 - Listening - Part 3	Test 3 - Listening - Part 4
Test 3 - Reading - Passage 1 (1)	Test 3 - Reading - Passage 1 (2)	Test 3 - Reading - Passage 2 (1)	Test 3 - Reading - Passage 2 (2)
Test 3 - Reading - Passage 3 (1)	Test 3 - Reading - Passage 3 (2)	Test 4 - Listening - Part 1	Test 4 - Listening - Part 2
Test 4 - Listening - Part 3	Test 4 - Listening - Part 4	Test 4 - Reading - Passage 1 (1)	Test 4 - Reading - Passage 1 (2)
Test 4 - Reading - Passage 2 (1)	Test 4 - Reading - Passage 2 (2)	Test 4 - Reading - Passage 3 (1)	Test 4 - Reading - Passage 3 (2)