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Cambridge IELTS 18 - Akademicki - Test 4 - Czytanie - Fragment 3 (2)

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Cambridge IELTS 18 - Academic
influence
influence
[Rzeczownik]

a mental factor that impacts actions or decisions

wpływ, oddziaływanie

wpływ, oddziaływanie

Ex: Peer pressure is a strong influence on teenage behavior. 
to advance
to advance
[Czasownik]

to help something progress or succeed

posuwać, promować

posuwać, promować

Ex: The student diligently studied each day to advance their understanding of the subject. 
contact
contact
[Rzeczownik]

an individual with whom one has established a professional or personal relationship, typically for the purpose of obtaining information, assistance, etc.

kontakt, relacja

kontakt, relacja

Ex: He reached out to his contacts in the industry to help him find a new job. 
study
study
[Rzeczownik]

a room in a house where a person reads or writes something

gabinet,  biblioteka

gabinet, biblioteka

Ex: My grandfather spends hours in his study, surrounded by books and papers. 
observation
observation
[Rzeczownik]

a fact or piece of information gathered by noticing or watching something carefully

obserwacja, uwaga

obserwacja, uwaga

Ex: His observations have proven to be critical in solving the case. 
extensive
extensive
[przymiotnik]

covering a wide range, indicating thoroughness or comprehensiveness

szeroki, wyczerpujący

szeroki, wyczerpujący

Ex: She did extensive research for her thesis, reading many books and articles. 
speculation
speculation
[Rzeczownik]

the creation of theories or opinions about something with no fact or proof

spekulacja

spekulacja

Ex: The stock market is often influenced by speculation about future trends. 
parallel
parallel
[przymiotnik]

having a comparable nature, structure, or function to something else

równoległy, podobny

równoległy, podobny

Ex: Their experiences in different countries were surprisingly parallel. 
biographer
biographer
[Rzeczownik]

someone who writes the story about the events of someone's life

biograf

biograf

accurate
accurate
[przymiotnik]

(of measurements, information, etc.) free from errors and matching facts

dokładny,  precyzyjny

dokładny, precyzyjny

Ex: The scientist presented an accurate report based on years of research. 
to [take] shape

to develop into a recognizable or distinct form or structure

to evolve
to evolve
[Czasownik]

to develop from a simple form to a more complex or sophisticated one over an extended period

ewoluować, rozwijać się

ewoluować, rozwijać się

Ex: The Internet has evolved from a basic communication tool to a complex network of information. 
firmly
firmly
[przysłówek]

in a resolute, determined, or unwavering manner, often indicating certainty or strength of conviction

stanowczo, zdecydowanie

stanowczo, zdecydowanie

Ex: She firmly believes that honesty is the best policy. 
to [be] of the opinion that

to believe something to be the case

sense
sense
[Rzeczownik]

an overall, conscious recognition or understanding of a situation, feeling, or environment

zmysł, uczucie

zmysł, uczucie

Ex: She had the sense of being a political outsider. 
apparent
apparent
[przymiotnik]

seeming to be true but not necessarily

oczywisty, pozorny

oczywisty, pozorny

Ex: The apparent solution to the problem turned out to be ineffective. 
retrospectively
retrospectively
[przysłówek]

considering things from a past point of view

retrospektywnie, post factum

retrospektywnie, post factum

Ex: The team analyzed the project retrospectively to identify areas for improvement. 
happenstance
happenstance
[Rzeczownik]

an event that happens by chance, especially a fortunate one

przypadek, zbieg okoliczności

przypadek, zbieg okoliczności

coherent
coherent
[przymiotnik]

logical and consistent, forming a unified and clear whole, especially in arguments, theories, or policies

spójny, logiczny

spójny, logiczny

Ex: The plot of the novel was coherent, with all the events and characters contributing to a unified storyline. 
narrative
narrative
[Rzeczownik]

a way of telling a story or explaining a situation to support a particular view or goal

narracja, opowieść

narracja, opowieść

Ex: The politician's speech crafted a narrative that highlighted the benefits of the new policy. 
to dispute
to dispute
[Czasownik]

to doubt a fact or to call its truth into question

kwestionować, podważać

kwestionować, podważać

Ex: He disputed the accuracy of the witness's testimony, claiming it was unreliable. 
to defend
to defend
[Czasownik]

to support someone or try to justify an action, plan, etc.

bronić, wspierać

bronić, wspierać

Ex: She worked hard to defend her research against critics in the academic community. 
respected
respected
[przymiotnik]

admired and valued by others for one's qualities, achievements, or actions

szanowany, ceniony

szanowany, ceniony

Ex: He was a respected elder in the community, known for his wisdom and compassion. 
publication
publication
[Rzeczownik]

a printed work, such as a book, magazine, etc. that is publicly distributed

publikacja

publikacja

Ex: The library has a collection of rare publications from the 19th century. 
to rely on
to rely on
[Czasownik]

to depend on someone or something for support and assistance

polegać na, zależeć od

polegać na, zależeć od

Ex: The company relies on its dedicated employees to succeed. 
range
range
[Rzeczownik]

a variety of things that are different but are of the same general type

zakres,  różnorodność

zakres, różnorodność

Ex: The store offers a wide range of electronics, from smartphones to laptops. 
modest
modest
[przymiotnik]

relatively moderate, limited, or small in scope, size, or amount

skromny, umiarkowany

skromny, umiarkowany

Ex: They made a modest investment in the project. 
vast
vast
[przymiotnik]

extremely great in extent, size, or area

rozległy, ogromny

rozległy, ogromny

Ex: The explorers marveled at the vast desert stretching endlessly before them. 
record-breaking
record-breaking
[przymiotnik]

surpassing anything that has been done before, particularly beyond any previous record

rekordowy, bezprecedensowy

rekordowy, bezprecedensowy

Ex: The athlete set a record-breaking time in the marathon. 
debate
debate
[Rzeczownik]

a discussion about a particular issue between two opposing sides, mainly held publicly

debata

debata

Ex: The candidates participated in a televised debate to present their views on economic policy. 
hazardous
hazardous
[przymiotnik]

presenting danger or threat, particularly to people's health or safety

niebezpieczny, szkodliwy

niebezpieczny, szkodliwy

Ex: The hazardous chemicals should be handled with care to avoid accidents. 
perspective
perspective
[Rzeczownik]

a specific manner of considering something

punkt widzenia, perspektywa

punkt widzenia, perspektywa

Ex: From a historical perspective, the Renaissance marked a period of great cultural advancement. 
desirable
desirable
[przymiotnik]

worth doing or having

pożądany, atrakcyjny

pożądany, atrakcyjny

Ex: The job offer came with a desirable salary and benefits package. 
to indicate
to indicate
[Czasownik]

to mention or express something in few words

wspomnieć, wyrazić

wspomnieć, wyrazić

Ex: She indicated her preference for Italian cuisine when choosing a restaurant for dinner. 
particularly
particularly
[przysłówek]

to a degree that is higher than usual

szczególnie, zwłaszcza

szczególnie, zwłaszcza

Ex: The restaurant is particularly busy on Friday nights. 
ambitious
ambitious
[przymiotnik]

trying or wishing to gain great success, power, or wealth

ambitny,  ambitna

ambitny, ambitna

Ex: Always the ambitious student, she dreamed of attending a top university and then establishing her own global enterprise. 
to adopt
to adopt
[Czasownik]

to accept, embrace, or incorporate a particular idea, practice, or belief into one's own behavior or lifestyle

przyjmować, przejmować

przyjmować, przejmować

Ex: The organization currently adopts eco-friendly policies to reduce its carbon footprint. 
to doubt
to doubt
[Czasownik]

to not believe or trust in something's truth or accuracy

wątpić, powątpiewać

wątpić, powątpiewać

Ex: She began to doubt her decision after receiving conflicting advice. 
to ensure
to ensure
[Czasownik]

to make sure that something will happen

zapewniać, gwarantować

zapewniać, gwarantować

Ex: She ensures the quality of the products before they are shipped. 
sufficient
sufficient
[przymiotnik]

having enough of something to meet a particular need or requirement

wystarczający, odpowiedni

wystarczający, odpowiedni

Ex: He had saved a sufficient amount of money to purchase the new computer. 
guide
guide
[Rzeczownik]

a person who leads or advises others on the way to go

przewodnik, mentor

przewodnik, mentor

Ex: Her mentor was a guide, offering wisdom during tough decisions. 
to [make] sense

to be understandable in a way that is reasonable

Ex: Her explanation didn't make sense to me; I couldn't understand why she made that decision. 
to urge
to urge
[Czasownik]

to strongly recommend something

nalegać, gorąco polecać

nalegać, gorąco polecać

Ex: The safety inspector urged caution when handling hazardous materials in the workplace. 
interruption
interruption
[Rzeczownik]

an abrupt event that stops or disrupts something in progress

przerwanie, zakłócenie

przerwanie, zakłócenie

Ex: The power outage caused an interruption in the middle of her online meeting. 
change of mind
change of mind
[Rzeczownik]

a decision to reverse an earlier decision

zmiana zdania, przewrót

zmiana zdania, przewrót

renewed
renewed
[przymiotnik]

restored to a new condition

odnowiony, przywrócony

odnowiony, przywrócony

to entail
to entail
[Czasownik]

to require or involve certain actions, conditions, or consequences as a necessary part of a situation or decision

pociągać za sobą, wymagać

pociągać za sobą, wymagać

Ex: Completing the project on time entails working overtime if necessary. 
to publish
to publish
[Czasownik]

to produce a newspaper, book, etc. for the public to purchase

publikować, wydawać

publikować, wydawać

Ex: The company published a new novel last month. 
exception
exception
[Rzeczownik]

a person or thing that does not follow a general rule or is excluded from a class or group

wyjątek, szczególny przypadek

wyjątek, szczególny przypadek

Ex: The school generally does not allow cell phones in class, but there is an exception for students with special needs. 
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