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كتاب Headway - متقدم - الوحدة 5

ستجد هنا مفردات الوحدة الخامسة في كتاب دورة Headway Advanced، مثل "الصورة النمطية"، و"القوة"، و"الامتياز"، وما إلى ذلك.

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مراجعة

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الهجاء

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اختبار قصير

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Headway - Advanced
nationality
[اسم]

the state of legally belonging to a country

الجنسية, الهوية الوطنية

الجنسية, الهوية الوطنية

Ex: nationality does not determine your abilities or character .
stereotype
[اسم]

a widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing

قالب نمطي, نمط مجتمعي

قالب نمطي, نمط مجتمعي

Ex: The ad challenged stereotype that certain jobs are only for men .
Britain
[اسم]

the island containing England, Scotland, and Wales

بريطانيا, بريطانيا العظمى

بريطانيا, بريطانيا العظمى

Ex: The Prime Minister Britain addressed the nation on television last night .
British
[اسم]

a person from the United Kingdom

بريطاني, بريطانية

بريطاني, بريطانية

Ex: British supported the international event with enthusiasm .
Briton
[اسم]

a person who is of British nationality, descent, or origin

بريطاني, بريطانية

بريطاني, بريطانية

Ex: Briton living abroad often misses British tea and biscuits .
Brit
[اسم]

someone from Britain, typically of British nationality or origin

بريطاني, بريطاني الأصل

بريطاني, بريطاني الأصل

Ex: The film, directed by a talented Brit, received critical acclaim.
English
[اسم]

the most common language in the world, originating in England but also the official language of America, Canada, Australia, etc.

الإنجليزية, اللغة الإنجليزية

الإنجليزية, اللغة الإنجليزية

Ex: Their school requires all students to English.
Welsh
[اسم]

a person from Wales or someone of Welsh descent

ويلزي, ويلزية

ويلزي, ويلزية

Ex: Many Welsh speak both English Welsh fluently .
Gaelic
[اسم]

any of the Celtic languages spoken in Ireland, Scotland, or the Isle of Man

الغايلية, اللغة الغيلية

الغايلية, اللغة الغيلية

Ex: Learning Gaelic helped him better understand the history of his family’s homeland.
Scotland
[اسم]

a European country in the northern United Kingdom

اسكتلندا, اسكتلند

اسكتلندا, اسكتلند

Ex: Scotland has a unique legal system and education system , which distinguishes it from the rest of the United Kingdom .
Scottish
[صفة]

belonging or relating to Scotland, its people, or the Gaelic language

اسكتلندي, اسكتلنديَة

اسكتلندي, اسكتلنديَة

Ex: The poet Robert Burns is a celebrated figure Scottish literature .
Scot
[اسم]

someone who is from Scotland

اسكتلندي, سكوتي

اسكتلندي, سكوتي

Ex: He met a Scot while hiking in the Highlands .
Scottish
[اسم]

a variety of English language spoken in Scotland

الإسكوتلندية, اللغة الإسكوتلندية

الإسكوتلندية, اللغة الإسكوتلندية

Ex: The film captured the essence of the Highlands with characters speaking in Scottish.

a Celtic language spoken in Scotland, primarily in the Scottish Highlands

الغيلية الاسكتلندية, لغة غيليّة إسكتلندية

الغيلية الاسكتلندية, لغة غيليّة إسكتلندية

Ex: The TV channel broadcasts programs entirely Scottish Gaelic to promote the language .
Switzerland
[اسم]

a country in Western Central Europe, south of Germany

سويسرا, السويسر

سويسرا, السويسر

Ex: Today I learned at school that the capital Switzerland is Bern .
Swiss
[اسم]

a person from Switzerland or an inhabitant of Switzerland

سويسري, سويسرية

سويسري, سويسرية

Ex: Swiss often emphasize sustainability in their lifestyle choices .
French
[اسم]

the main language of France that is also spoken in parts of other countries such as Canada, Switzerland, Belgium, etc.

اللغة الفرنسية, الفرنسية

اللغة الفرنسية, الفرنسية

Ex: While on vacation in Montreal , she realized the locals primarily French.
German
[اسم]

the main language in Germany, Austria and parts of Switzerland

الألمانية, لغة ألمانية

الألمانية, لغة ألمانية

Ex: She is German to communicate with her relatives in Austria .
Romansh
[اسم]

one of the four official languages of Switzerland, along with German, French, and Italian

رومانش, لغة الرومانش

رومانش, لغة الرومانش

Ex: A bilingual guide translated the tour into both German Romansh.

a country in the North Western Europe, informally known as Holland

هولندا, الـنـيـدان

هولندا, الـنـيـدان

Ex: Windmills are a common sight in the countryside of Netherlands.
Dutch
[اسم]

the main language in the Netherlands

الهولندية, اللغة الهولندية

الهولندية, اللغة الهولندية

Ex: They 're practicing Dutch by talking to exchange students .
Dutch
[اسم]

a person from the Netherlands or of Dutch descent

الهولندي, الدَصْرِيّ

الهولندي, الدَصْرِيّ

Ex: He enjoyed chatting with Dutch on the train about their shared love of football .
Dutchman
[اسم]

an individual who is from the Netherlands or of Dutch nationality or descent

هولندي, دنماركي

هولندي, دنماركي

Ex: She met a Dutchman during her trip to Amsterdam who gave her great travel tips .
Dutch
[صفة]

belonging or relating to the Netherlands, its people, and language

هولندي, هولندية

هولندي, هولندية

Ex: We tasted some Dutch cheese on our trip to Amsterdam .
Belgium
[اسم]

a country in Western Europe bordered by Germany, France, and Luxembourg

بلجيكا, مملكة بلجيكا

بلجيكا, مملكة بلجيكا

Ex: The annual flower carpet event in Brussels attracts thousands of visitors Belgium every summer .
Belgian
[صفة]

referring to something or someone from or related to Belgium

بلجيكي, بلجيكية

بلجيكي, بلجيكية

Ex: The museum displayed works by Belgian painters .
Sweden
[اسم]

a country in Northern Europe and Eastern Scandinavia

سويد, السويد

سويد, السويد

Ex: The royal palace Sweden is a popular tourist destination .
Swedish
[صفة]

belonging or relating to Sweden, its people, and language

سويدي, سويدية

سويدي, سويدية

Ex: Volvo is a Swedish car manufacturer .
Swede
[اسم]

someone who is from Sweden or of Swedish origin

سويدي, سويدية

سويدي, سويدية

Ex: The Swede explained the customs of a traditional Swedish wedding.
Swedish
[اسم]

a North Germanic language spoken primarily in Sweden

اللغة السويدية, السويدية

اللغة السويدية, السويدية

Ex: The children sang a traditional song Swedish during the festival .
Denmark
[اسم]

a country in Northern Europe in the Scandinavia

دنمارك, مملكة الدنمارك

دنمارك, مملكة الدنمارك

Ex: Denmark consistently ranks high in global happiness and quality of life indexes .
Danish
[اسم]

the official language of Denmark, spoken by the majority of the population

اللغة الدنماركية, الدانمركية

اللغة الدنماركية, الدانمركية

Ex: Danish helped him communicate with locals during his stay in Denmark .
Dane
[اسم]

someone from Denmark or of Danish descent

دنماركي, دنماركية

دنماركي, دنماركية

Ex: I met Dane during my travels who taught me how to properly pronounce certain words in Danish .
Danish
[صفة]

belonging or relating to Denmark, its people, and language

دنمركي, دنماركي

دنمركي, دنماركي

Ex: Danish flag , known as the Dannebrog , is the oldest national flag in the world .
Poland
[اسم]

a country in the Central Europe near the Baltic Sea

بولندا, بلد بولندا

بولندا, بلد بولندا

Ex: Poland shares borders with seven countries .
Polish
[اسم]

Poland's official language

اللغة البولندية, البولندية

اللغة البولندية, البولندية

Ex: The play’s dialogue was performed entirely in Polish during the festival.
Pole
[اسم]

someone who is from Poland or their family came from Poland

بولندي, من أصل بولندي

بولندي, من أصل بولندي

Ex: Many Poles emigrated to the United States in search of better opportunities in the early 20th century.
polish
[صفة]

referring to something that is related to Poland, its people, language, culture, or products

بولندية, بولوني

بولندية, بولوني

Ex: They danced to a Polish folk song .
Finland
[اسم]

a country in Northern Europe bordered by Norway, Sweden, and Russia

فنلندا, فِنلَندُ

فنلندا, فِنلَندُ

Ex: Finland is part of the European Union and uses the euro as its currency .
Finnish
[اسم]

one of Finland's official languages

الفنلندية, لغة الفنلندية

الفنلندية, لغة الفنلندية

Ex: The novel was originally Finnish and later won an international award .
Finn
[اسم]

a person from Finland or of Finnish descent

فنلندي, فِنّ

فنلندي, فِنّ

Finnish
[صفة]

referring to something or someone related to Finland

فنلندي, فنلندية

فنلندي, فنلندية

Ex: They celebrated Midsummer with Finnish customs .
Iceland
[اسم]

an island country in the North Atlantic, known for its dramatic volcanic landscapes, glaciers, and geothermal activity

آيسلندا, جزيرة آيسلندا

آيسلندا, جزيرة آيسلندا

Ex: Iceland, midnight sun makes summer nights seem endless .
Icelander
[اسم]

a person from Iceland, a Nordic island country in the North Atlantic Ocean

آيسلندي, ايسلندية

آيسلندي, ايسلندية

Ex: It was surprising to find that even as Icelander, he had never visited the Blue Lagoon .
Icelandic
[صفة]

referring to something or someone from or related to Iceland

آيسلندي, إيسلندي

آيسلندي, إيسلندي

Ex: Icelandic design is known for its minimalism and functionality .
Spain
[اسم]

a country in southwest Europe

إسبانيا, مملكة إسبانيا

إسبانيا, مملكة إسبانيا

Ex: Spanish is the official language Spain.
Spanish
[اسم]

the main language of Spain and many Southern or Central American countries

الإسبانية, اللغة الإسبانية

الإسبانية, اللغة الإسبانية

Ex: Spanish is spoken by over 460 million people as a first language .
Spanish
[صفة]

relating to Spain or its people or language

إسباني, اسباني

إسباني, اسباني

Ex: Spanish art , such as the works of Pablo Picasso and Salvador Dalí , is renowned worldwide .
Turkey
[اسم]

a country that is mainly in Western Asia with a small part in Southeast Europe

تركيا, الدولة التركية

تركيا, الدولة التركية

Ex: We 're planning a trip Turkey next summer .
Turkish
[صفة]

relating to the country, people, culture, or language of Turkey

تركي, تركيا

تركي, تركيا

Ex: We bought a Turkish carpet from a local market in Antalya .
Turkish
[اسم]

the main language of Turkey

تركية, اللغة التركية

تركية, اللغة التركية

Ex: The restaurant offers menus in both English Turkish.
Turk
[اسم]

someone who is from Turkey or their family came from Turkey

تركي, وطني تركي

تركي, وطني تركي

Ex: Turk language , Turkish , is widely spoken in Turkey and has several dialects across different regions .
New Zealand
[اسم]

a sovereign island country located in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, known for its stunning landscapes and diverse Maori and European cultures

نيوزيلندا, دولة نيوزيلندا

نيوزيلندا, دولة نيوزيلندا

Ex: Many films , including The Lord of the Rings , were filmed New Zealand.

referring to something or someone that is of or related to New Zealand

نيوزيلندي, نيوزيلندية

نيوزيلندي, نيوزيلندية

Ex: New Zealander traditions include celebrating the Waitangi Day , which marks the signing of the treaty .
Maori
[اسم]

an eastern Polynesian language spoken by the Maori people of New Zealand

ماوري (لغة ماوري), الماورية (اللغة الماورية)

ماوري (لغة ماوري), الماورية (اللغة الماورية)

Ex: Maori can be heard in traditional chants and songs , which are an integral part of New Zealand 's cultural heritage .
Afghanistan
[اسم]

a country in Central Asia between Iran and Pakistan

أفغانستان, دولة أفغانستان

أفغانستان, دولة أفغانستان

Ex: The traditional food Afghanistan is very delicious .
Afghanistani
[اسم]

a person from Afghanistan or of Afghan descent

أفغاني, أفغانستاني

أفغاني, أفغانستاني

Ex: At the event , Afghanistani provided a traditional dance performance .
Afghan
[اسم]

someone who is a native or citizen of Afghanistan

أفغاني, أفغانية

أفغاني, أفغانية

Pashto
[اسم]

one of the Afghanistan's official languages, which is also the second most-used language in Pakistan

بشتو, پشتو

بشتو, پشتو

Ex: The book was Pashto, making it more accessible to local readers .
Dari
[اسم]

a dialect of the Persian language that is primarily spoken in Afghanistan

داري, الفارسية الدارية

داري, الفارسية الدارية

Ex: Dari and Pashto are both spoken in Afghanistan , they are distinct languages .
Argentina
[اسم]

a country that is in the southern part of South America

الأرجنتين, دولة الأرجنتين

الأرجنتين, دولة الأرجنتين

Ex: The Argentinian wine industry, particularly in the Mendoza region, produces some of the finest Malbec wines in the world.
Argentine
[صفة]

relating to Argentina or its people

أرجنتيني, أرجنتينية

أرجنتيني, أرجنتينية

Ex: Argentine wines , especially Malbec , are popular worldwide .
Argentinian
[صفة]

relating to the country, people, culture, or language of Argentina

أرجنتيني, أرجنتينية

أرجنتيني, أرجنتينية

Ex: Argentinian landscape is incredibly diverse , featuring everything from the Andes mountains to the beautiful beaches along the Atlantic coast .
Peru
[اسم]

a country in western South America

بيرو, بلد في غرب أمريكا الجنوبية

بيرو, بلد في غرب أمريكا الجنوبية

Ex: Peru is famous for Machu Picchu , one of the New Seven Wonders of the World .
Peruvian
[صفة]

referring to anything or anyone that is related to or originates from Peru

بيروفي, من أصل بيرو

بيروفي, من أصل بيرو

Ex: Many Peruvian musicians play traditional instruments like the charango and pan flute .
Aymara
[اسم]

a language spoken by the Aymara people, primarily in the Andes region of South America, particularly in Bolivia, Peru, and Chile

أيمارا (اسم), لغة الأيمارا (اسم)

أيمارا (اسم), لغة الأيمارا (اسم)

Ex: Aymara is a language that reflects the culture and history of its speakers.
Quechua
[اسم]

a family of indigenous languages spoken primarily in the Andes region of South America, especially in Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia, and Colombia, and the language of the ancient Inca Empire

كيتشوا, لغة كيتشوا

كيتشوا, لغة كيتشوا

Ex: Quechua is often spoken during festivals and ceremonies to maintain cultural traditions .
to bombard
[فعل]

to continuously expose someone to something, such as information, questions, or criticisms

قصف, أغرق بالأسئلة

قصف, أغرق بالأسئلة

Ex: The marketing team decided bombard the target audience with advertisements to increase brand awareness .
to venture
[فعل]

to undertake a risky or daring journey or course of action

خاطر, قام بمغامرة

خاطر, قام بمغامرة

Ex: ventured deep into the mountains , hoping to find a hidden treasure .
to pinpoint
[فعل]

to precisely locate or identify something or someone

تحديد بدقة, تعيين بدقة

تحديد بدقة, تعيين بدقة

Ex: They couldpinpoint the exact time the event occurred .
to stalk
[فعل]

to follow, watch, or pursue someone persistently and often secretly, causing them fear or discomfort

تَتَبَّعَ, طاردَ

تَتَبَّعَ, طاردَ

Ex: The thriller novel depicted a chilling story of an obsessed individual who stalk their victims relentlessly .
to renounce
[فعل]

to reject or disown something previously accepted or claimed, often in a formal or public manner

تنازل عن, تنصل من

تنازل عن, تنصل من

Ex: After the scandal , renounced her association with the company .
kin
[اسم]

a person's family and relatives

قرابة, عائلة

قرابة, عائلة

Ex: I have n’t seen kin in years , but we still keep in touch .
concession
[اسم]

a contractual agreement that grants a company or individual the right to operate a subsidiary business, such as a store or a kiosk, within the premises of another business or organization

امتياز, تنازل

امتياز, تنازل

Ex: concession for a mobile phone service kiosk was granted in the train station .
gambit
[اسم]

a strategic action or remark that is used to gain an advantage, particularly in the early stages of a situation, game, conversation, etc.

مناورة, خديعة

مناورة, خديعة

Ex: The detectivegambit to mislead the suspect paid off during the investigation .
frisson
[اسم]

a sudden, intense, and pleasurable feeling of excitement, shiver, fear, or thrill, often accompanied by a tingling sensation on the skin

شعور مفاجئ بالإثارة, رعشة من الفرحة

شعور مفاجئ بالإثارة, رعشة من الفرحة

Ex: The horror movie induced frisson of terror in the audience .
stature
[اسم]

the height of a person or animal when standing upright

قامه, طول

قامه, طول

Ex: He had a stature, which made him stand out in the crowd .
stomping ground
[عبارة]

a familiar place or location, particularly one where someone often goes to or spends time in

Ex: The downtown area transforms into a stomping ground during the annual street festival , attracting visitors from far and wide .
accurately
[ظرف]

in a way that has no errors or mistakes

بدقة, بصورة دقيقة

بدقة, بصورة دقيقة

Ex: The weather forecast predicted the accurately for the week .
robustly
[ظرف]

in a way that is strong, sturdy, or capable of withstanding force or pressure

بصلابة, بقوة

بصلابة, بقوة

Ex: They handled the unexpected robustly, adapting quickly to new circumstances .
jaded
[صفة]

worn out or tired, especially after excessive work or activity

مستنفذ, مرهق

مستنفذ, مرهق

Ex: jaded expressions on their faces showed they had lost interest in the discussion .
encroaching
[صفة]

gradually and subtly intruding upon or taking over something else, often to the point of causing harm or damage

تسللي, متسلل

تسللي, متسلل

Ex: He noticed the encroaching weeds taking over his garden.
diminutive
[صفة]

much smaller than what is normal

صغير, قليل الحجم

صغير, قليل الحجم

Ex: They diminutive cupcakes at the tea party , each one decorated with intricate frosting designs .
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