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كتاب Top Notch 3B - الوحدة 9 - الدرس 1

ستجد هنا المفردات من الوحدة 9 - الدرس 1 في الكتاب الدراسي Top Notch 3B، مثل "المصطلحات"، و"الانتخابات"، و"الليبرالية"، وما إلى ذلك.

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Top Notch 3B
political
[صفة]

related to or involving the governance of a country or territory

سياسي, حكومي

سياسي, حكومي

Ex: The media plays a crucial role in informing the public political developments and holding elected officials accountable .
terminology
[اسم]

a set of specialized terms that are used in a specific science, art, business, or profession

مصطلحات, تسميات

مصطلحات, تسميات

Ex: She was familiar with terminology of business but not with finance .
government
[اسم]

the group of politicians in control of a country or state

الحكومة, السلطة التنفيذية

الحكومة, السلطة التنفيذية

Ex: In a democratic system , government is chosen by the people through free and fair elections .
campaign
[اسم]

a series of organized activities that are intended to achieve a particular goal

حملة, مشروع

حملة, مشروع

Ex: The campaign was successful in reaching vulnerable populations and preventing the spread of disease .
politics
[اسم]

a set of ideas and activities involved in governing a country, state, or city

سياسة, أمور الحكم

سياسة, أمور الحكم

Ex: The professor 's lecture on politics covered the historical evolution of its political parties .
democracy
[اسم]

a belief or ideology that supports governance by the people, emphasizing equal participation in the political process

ديمقراطية, حكم الشعب

ديمقراطية, حكم الشعب

Ex: The Enlightenment period greatly influenced modern democratic thought, advocating for individual rights and political freedom.
constitution
[اسم]

the official laws and principles by which a country or state is governed

دستور, نظام

دستور, نظام

Ex: constitution of South Africa , adopted in 1996 , enshrines the principles of equality and human dignity as core values of the nation .
monarchy
[اسم]

a system of government or a country or state that is ruled by a king or queen

ملكية, نظام ملكي

ملكية, نظام ملكي

Ex: In a monarchy, the king or queen 's powers are limited by law .
election
[اسم]

the process in which people choose a person or group of people for a position, particularly a political one, through voting

انتخابات, انتخاب

انتخابات, انتخاب

Ex: Voters lined up early to cast their ballots in the elections.
dictatorship
[اسم]

a form of government where power is concentrated in the hands of a single individual or a small group, often with absolute authority, without the consent of the people

ديكتاتورية, استبداد

ديكتاتورية, استبداد

Ex: Many countries fought dictatorship in the 20th century .
vote
[اسم]

an official choice made by an individual or a group of people in a meeting or election

صوت, اقتراع

صوت, اقتراع

Ex: The committee conducted vote to decide the winner of the design competition .

relating to or in accordance with the rules laid out in a constitution, which is a set of fundamental laws for a country or organization

دستوري, قانوني

دستوري, قانوني

Ex: Constitutional reforms aimed to modernize the legal framework and enhance democratic governance .
continuum
[اسم]

a continuous series or range of elements or events that gradually change without any clear division between them

سلسلة متصلة, طيف متواصل

سلسلة متصلة, طيف متواصل

Ex: The health system in the country is continuum, with services ranging from basic care to specialized treatment .
radical
[صفة]

supporting total and extreme social or political changes

راديكالي, متطرف

راديكالي, متطرف

Ex: radical environmentalist group staged protests to demand immediate action on climate change .
liberal
[صفة]

related to or characteristic of a political ideology that emphasizes individual freedoms, equality, and government intervention for social welfare and economic opportunity

ليبرالي, تحرري

ليبرالي, تحرري

Ex: Critics argue liberal policies can lead to excessive government intervention and dependency on welfare programs .
moderate
[صفة]

(of a person or ideology) not extreme or radical and considered reasonable by a majority of people

معتدل, وسطي

معتدل, وسطي

Ex: She is moderate person who listens to all sides before making decisions .
conservative
[صفة]

supporting traditional values and beliefs and not willing to accept any contradictory change

محافظ, تقليدي

محافظ, تقليدي

Ex: The company adopted conservative approach to risk management .
reactionary
[صفة]

strongly against any political or social changes or any new ideas

رجعي, مقاوم للتغيير

رجعي, مقاوم للتغيير

Ex: She found reactionary policies to be out of touch with current needs .
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