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Top Notch 3B - Unit 9 - Lesson 1

Here you will find the vocabulary from Unit 9 - Lesson 1 in the Top Notch 3B coursebook, such as "terminology", "election", "liberal", etc.

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Top Notch 3B
political
[Adjective]

related to or involving the governance of a country or territory

Ex: The media plays a crucial role in informing the public political developments and holding elected officials accountable .
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a set of specialized terms that are used in a specific science, art, business, or profession

Ex: She was familiar with terminology of business but not with finance .
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the group of politicians in control of a country or state

Ex: In a democratic system , government is chosen by the people through free and fair elections .
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campaign
[noun]

a series of organized activities that are intended to achieve a particular goal

Ex: The campaign was successful in reaching vulnerable populations and preventing the spread of disease .
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politics
[noun]

a set of ideas and activities involved in governing a country, state, or city

Ex: The professor 's lecture on politics covered the historical evolution of its political parties .
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democracy
[noun]

a belief or ideology that supports governance by the people, emphasizing equal participation in the political process

Ex: The Enlightenment period greatly influenced modern democratic thought, advocating for individual rights and political freedom.
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the official laws and principles by which a country or state is governed

Ex: constitution of South Africa , adopted in 1996 , enshrines the principles of equality and human dignity as core values of the nation .
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monarchy
[noun]

a system of government or a country or state that is ruled by a king or queen

Ex: In a monarchy, the king or queen 's powers are limited by law .
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election
[noun]

the process in which people choose a person or group of people for a position, particularly a political one, through voting

Ex: Voters lined up early to cast their ballots in the elections.
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a form of government where power is concentrated in the hands of a single individual or a small group, often with absolute authority, without the consent of the people

Ex: Many countries fought dictatorship in the 20th century .
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vote
[noun]

an official choice made by an individual or a group of people in a meeting or election

Ex: The committee conducted vote to decide the winner of the design competition .
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constitutional
[Adjective]

relating to or in accordance with the rules laid out in a constitution, which is a set of fundamental laws for a country or organization

Ex: Constitutional reforms aimed to modernize the legal framework and enhance democratic governance .
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continuum
[noun]

a continuous series or range of elements or events that gradually change without any clear division between them

Ex: The health system in the country is continuum, with services ranging from basic care to specialized treatment .
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radical
[Adjective]

supporting total and extreme social or political changes

Ex: radical environmentalist group staged protests to demand immediate action on climate change .
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liberal
[Adjective]

related to or characteristic of a political ideology that emphasizes individual freedoms, equality, and government intervention for social welfare and economic opportunity

Ex: Critics argue liberal policies can lead to excessive government intervention and dependency on welfare programs .
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moderate
[Adjective]

(of a person or ideology) not extreme or radical and considered reasonable by a majority of people

Ex: She is moderate person who listens to all sides before making decisions .
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conservative
[Adjective]

supporting traditional values and beliefs and not willing to accept any contradictory change

Ex: The company adopted conservative approach to risk management .
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reactionary
[Adjective]

strongly against any political or social changes or any new ideas

Ex: She found reactionary policies to be out of touch with current needs .
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Top Notch 3B
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