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Top Notch 3B - Unit 9 - Lesson 1

Here you will find the vocabulary from Unit 9 - Lesson 1 in the Top Notch 3B coursebook, such as "terminology", "election", "liberal", etc.

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Top Notch 3B
political
political
[Adjective]

related to or involving the governance of a country or territory

Ex: Political debates often revolve around issues such as taxation, healthcare, and national security. 
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terminology

a set of specialized terms that are used in a specific science, art, business, or profession

Ex: The doctor used medical terminology to explain the procedure. 
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government

the group of politicians in control of a country or state

Ex: The government implemented new policies to improve the country's healthcare system and make it more accessible to all citizens. 
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campaign
campaign
[noun]

a series of organized activities that are intended to achieve a particular goal

Ex: The presidential campaign included rallies, debates, and advertising across the country. 
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politics
politics
[noun]

a set of ideas and activities involved in governing a country, state, or city

Ex: After years of studying law and international relations, she decided to enter politics to make meaningful changes in her country. 
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democracy
democracy
[noun]

a belief or ideology that supports governance by the people, emphasizing equal participation in the political process

Ex: She strongly believes in democracy and advocates for government by the people. 
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constitution

the official laws and principles by which a country or state is governed

Ex: The constitution of this country guarantees freedom of speech and the separation of powers among its branches of government. 
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monarchy
monarchy
[noun]

a system of government or a country or state that is ruled by a king or queen

Ex: The monarchy has existed in the country for centuries, with the king serving as the head of state. 
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election
election
[noun]

the process in which people choose a person or group of people for a position, particularly a political one, through voting

Ex: The upcoming election will determine the next leader of our country, shaping the direction of government policies and priorities. 
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dictatorship

a form of government where power is concentrated in the hands of a single individual or a small group, often with absolute authority, without the consent of the people

Ex: Under the dictatorship, citizens had no freedom of speech or assembly. 
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vote
vote
[noun]

an official choice made by an individual or a group of people in a meeting or election

Ex: In the upcoming election, citizens will cast their votes for mayor. 
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constitutional
constitutional
[Adjective]

relating to or in accordance with the rules laid out in a constitution, which is a set of fundamental laws for a country or organization

Ex: The law passed by the parliament was deemed constitutional by the judiciary. 
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continuum
continuum
[noun]

a continuous series or range of elements or events that gradually change without any clear division between them

Ex: Over time, technology has evolved along a continuum of innovation and improvement. 
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radical
radical
[Adjective]

supporting total and extreme social or political changes

Ex: The radical activist advocated for the overthrow of the government to establish a new social order. 
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liberal
liberal
[Adjective]

related to or characteristic of a political ideology that emphasizes individual freedoms, equality, and government intervention for social welfare and economic opportunity

Ex: His liberal views prioritize tolerance, diversity, and progressive social change. 
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moderate
moderate
[Adjective]

(of a person or ideology) not extreme or radical and considered reasonable by a majority of people

Ex: She holds moderate views on economic policy, advocating for balanced approaches. 
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conservative
conservative
[Adjective]

supporting traditional values and beliefs and not willing to accept any contradictory change

Ex: She was raised in a conservative household where adherence to tradition was strongly emphasized. 
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reactionary
reactionary
[Adjective]

strongly against any political or social changes or any new ideas

Ex: His reactionary views made him oppose all modern reforms. 
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