الرأي والحجة - الحجة والاستدلال

the process of logical thinking or reasoning

استدلال, تفكير منطقي

‌to gain advantage over others by doing or saying something that receives a positive reaction, especially in an argument

to try to prove that one is more clever than someone else by making witty remarks

يسخر من, يستهزء

to clearly demonstrate something, especially the way that an argument, speech, etc. will develop so that everyone will notice and understand

توضيح بوضوح, الإشارة بوضوح

‌the process of showing or understanding how something such as a speech or argument is organized or is going to develop

توجيه, إشارة

to interpret or present information with a subjective point of view or bias

تحيز, ميل

someone that is skilled in devious argumentation

سوفيست

the clever use of arguments that seem correct and convincing but are actually false in order to deceive people

سفسطة, دجل

an unfair attempt to persuade someone by only giving them facts that are in line with one's point of view

طلب خاص, مناشدة خاصة

to highlight insignificant details or small distinctions between two things

the judge's summary near the end of a trial in court, specifically to remind the jury of the evidence and the main arguments concerning the case

تلخيص, ملخص نهائي

to briefly state the most important parts or facts of something

تلخيص, استعراض

to provide evidence or information in order to prove that something, especially a claim or idea is true

يدعم, يثبت

to support an opinion, argument, theory, etc. or to prove it's credibility

يدعم, يثبت

a type of logical argument that uses deductive reasoning to conclude based on two premises claimed or supposed to be true

قياس

a topic of interest, especially one that supports a particular argument that invites discussion

نقطة حديث, موضوع نقاش

the most probable result or answer obtained from the evidence on both sides of an argument

used to refer to a stage or point reached by a particular process or activity

هناك, هنالك

(of an argument, policy, etc.) the main point that shows the main idea or intention of what someone is saying or doing

جوهر, المقصد

used when stating the first and foremost reason or point that needs to be mentioned or considered

أولاً, في البداية

used humorously to show that someone has made a good point in an argument or discussion

أحسنت, لمست الجرح

(of an argument or claim) impossible to refute or disagree with because of being clearly true

لا يرد, لا يمكن دحضه

not open to argument or disagreement

لا جدال فيه, ما لا يقبل الجدل

in a way that can not be disputed or disagreed with

بلا شك, بلا جدال

(of a belief, idea, etc.) impossible to oppose or argue with

غير قابل للتحدي, لا يمكن دحضه

to back up or form the basis of an argument by providing support

تدعيم, أساس

a set of opinions, motives, or ideas that serve as a foundation of an argument, claim, etc.

أساس, دعامة

a flaw or imperfection in one's character that makes one vulnerable

نقطة ضعيفة, عيب

despite the fact that; even though

بالرغم من, على الرغم من

used to indicate a contrast between two things

بينما, في حين

to completely beat someone in an argument or competition, particularly in a humiliating way